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  • css 2

    1、列表

             1、有序

                       <ol></ol>

                       <li></li>

                       属性:

                                1、type

                                2、start

             2、无序

                       <ul></ul>

                       <li></li>

                       属性:

                                1、type

                                         取值:

                                                   circle

                                                   square

                                                   disc(默认)

                                                   none

             3、定义列表

                       <dl>

                                <dt></dt>

                                <dd></dd>

                       </dl>

    2、结构标记

             <header></header>

             <nav></nav>

             <section></section>

             <article></article>

             <aside></aside>

             <footer></footer>

    3、表单

             1、表单元素

                       <form></form>

                       属性

                                1、action

                                         表单提交的服务器程序路径

                                2、method

                                         1、get

                                         2、post

                                3、enctype

                                         1、application/x-www-form-urlencoded

                                         2、multipart/form-data

                                         3、text/plain

             2、表单控件

                       1、input元素

                                语法:<input>

                                属性:

                                         1、type

                                         2、name

                                         3、value

                                         4、disabled

                                1、文本框与密码框

                                         <input type="text">

                                         <input type="password">

                                         属性:

                                                   1、maxlength

                                                   2、readonly

                                2、单选按钮和复选框

                                         1、单选按钮

                                                   <input type="radio">

                                                   属性:

                                                            name:分组,一组中最多只能有一个按钮被选中

                                                            checked:默认被选中

                                         2、复选框

                                                   <input type="checkbox">

                                                            name:分组,在后台服务器中,可以以一个组名获取所有的选中值。

                                                            checked:默认被选中

                                3、按钮

                                         1、提交按钮

                                                   <input type="submit">

                                                   功能:提交表单数据到服务器

                                         2、重置按钮

                                                   <input type="reset">

                                                   功能:将表单数据恢复到初始化

                                         3、普通按钮

                                                   <input type="button">

                                                   功能:执行客户端脚本

                                4、隐藏域和文件选择框

                                         1、隐藏域

                                                   <input type="hidden">

                                         2、文件选择框

                                                   <input type="file">

                                                   注意:

                                                            1、表单的 method 必须为post

                                                            2、表单的 enctype 必须为 multipart/form-data

                       2、textarea元素

                                <textarea>内容</textarea>

                                属性:

                                         1、name :名称

                                         2、cols :一行中的字符数,变相设置宽

                                         3、rows :默认显示多少行数据

                                         4、readonly

                       3、select 和 option 元素

                                选项框(下拉选项框,滚动列表)

                                <select></select>

                                         name:名称

                                         size:大于1的话则为滚动列表

                                         multiple:设置多选

                                <option></option>

                                         value:值

                                         selected:预选中

                       4、其他元素

                                1、为控件分组

                                         <fieldset>

                                                   <legend>组名</legend>

                                         </fieldset>

                                2、关联文本与表单控件

                                         <label>文本</label>

                                         属性:

                                                   for:要关联的表单控件的ID值

                                3、按钮

                                         <button>内容</button>

                                         注意:

                                                   该元素 放在  form 中则为提交按钮,否则为普通按钮(IE除外)

    4、其他元素

             1、浮动框架

                       <iframe>内容</iframe>

                       属性:

                                src:引入浮动框架的url

                                width:

                                height:

                                frameborder:浮动框架的边框

             2、摘要与细节

                       <details>

                                <summary></summary>

                       </details>

             3、度量元素

                       <meter>内容</meter>

                       min:最小值,默认为0

                       max:最大值,默认为1

                       value:显示的度量值

             4、高亮显示

                       <mark></mark>

             5、时间元素

                       <time>文本内容</time>

                       datetime:关联的日期时间

    =================================

    1、CSS概述

    2、CSS语法

    3、尺寸与边框

    =================================

    1、CSS概述

             1、问题

                       1、设置页面中所有的文本颜色为红色

                       2、页面中所有的div里面的文本的颜色变为 蓝色

                       3、页面中所有的div里面的文本的颜色变为 绿色

                       HTML元素属性的弊端:

                       1、想完成相同效果,却要使用不同属性

                       2、HTML元素改变的样式可重用性不高

             2、CSS

                       CSS:Cascading Style Sheets

                       层叠样式表,级联样式表,样式表

                       特点:

                                1、实现了网页内容与表现相分离

                                2、提高了代码的可重用性和可维护性

             3、CSS与HTML之间的关系

                       1、HTML用于构建网页的结构

                       2、css负责构建HTML页面元素的样式

             4、HTML属性和CSS样式的使用原则

                       W3C建议 尽量使用CSS样式取代HTML属性

                       1、修改文本的颜色

                                推荐使用css的color属性

                       2、修改元素的背景颜色

                                推荐使用css的background-color属性

                       如果是HTML元素所特有的属性的话,只能使用HTML元素属性

                       td元素属性colspan

             5、使用CSS样式表的方式(重点)

                       1、内联方式

                                作用:将样式定义在单个的HTML元素中

                                语法:

                                <ANY style="样式声明1;样式声明2"></ANY>

                                样式声明语法:

                                         样式属性:属性值

                                eg:

                                         1、文本颜色的样式属性

                                                   color:red;

                                         2、背景颜色的样式属性

                                                   background-color:green;

                                         3、文本大小的样式属性

                                                   font-size:24px;

                                练习:设置页面上的 某个 div 元素中的 样式 , 文本颜色为 黄色(yellow),背景颜色为黑色(black),字体大小为48像素

                       2、内部样式表

                                1、特点

                                         应用范围为整个页面而不是某一个别元素,能够提升可重用性和可维护性,同时体现内容与表现相分离

                                2、语法

                                         1、在 <head>元素中 增加 <style></style>标记用来声明样式

                                         2、在 <style></style>元素中 编写若干 “样式规则”

                                                   样式规则语法规范:

                                                            1、选择器

                                                                     作用:规范了页面中哪些元素能够使用声明好的样式

                                                                     eg:

                                                                               元素选择器

                                                                               p  div  span

                                                            2、若干样式声明

                                                                     属性:值;属性:值;

                                                           

                                                            选择器{若干样式声明}

                                                            练习:使用内部样式表,控制页面中所有的p标记,文本颜色为yellow色,背景颜色为black色,文字大小为 24px

                       3、外部样式表

                                1、作用

                                         以独立的css样式表文件保存样式规则,可以应用在各个页面中

                                2、使用步骤

                                         1、创建单独的样式表文件(*.css)

                                                   在该文件中可以编写若干样式规则

                                         2、在需要使用该样式表文件的页面上,引入样式表文件

                                                   在页面的<head>元素中添加以下代码:

                                                   <link rel="stylesheet" href="样式表文件url">

                       4、基本排错

                                1、Styles 中提示 "Unknown property name"

                                         说明 样式属性名称 写错了

                                2、Styles 中提示 "Invalid property value"

                                         说明 样式属性值 写错了

    2、CSS语法

             1、CSS样式表特征

                       1、继承性

                                大多数CSS属性是可以被继承的

                       2、层叠性

                                可以为一个元素定义多个样式规则

                                多个样式规则中,如果样式声明不重复的话,那么则可以层叠为一个样式规则

                       3、优先级

                                样式定义冲突(重复)时,会按照不同样式的优先级来应用样式

                                低:浏览器缺省设置(User Agent)

                                中:外部样式表或内部样式表

                                         就近原则

                                高:内联样式

                                注意:继承的样式和自定义样式冲突时,永远都是以自定义的为主

                       4、!important 规则

                                显示调整样式属性的优先级

                                只要 !important 出现,永远都以!important 的为主

                                语法:

                                         选择器{属性:属性值 !important;}

                                注意:尽量少用

             2、CSS基础选择器(重难点)

                       1、作用

                                规范了页面中哪些元素能够使用定义好的样式

                                同时也帮助我们去匹配页面上的元素

                       2、选择器

                                1、通用选择器(了解)

                                         1、作用

                                                   匹配页面上所有的元素

                                         2、语法

                                                   *{样式声明;}

                                         3、注意

                                                   效率低,尽量不用

                                                   尽可能通过 继承性 去代替通用选择器的效果

                                2、元素选择器

                                         又名:标签选择器,标记选择器

                                         1、作用

                                                   匹配页面某一指定元素

                                                   比如:

                                                            页面所有的 div 元素

                                                            页面所有的 p 元素

                                         2、语法

                                                   元素{}

                                                   ex:

                                                            h1{color:red;}

                                                            h2{color:blue;}

                                3、类选择器(重点)

                                         1、作用

                                                   允许元素使用附带的class属性值,对选择器进行引用

                                         2、语法

                                                   以 . 作为开始

                                                   .类名{}

                                                   类名:字母,数字,_,-组成,不能以数字开始

                                                   引用类选择器:通过元素的 class 属性,进行引用

                                                   <ANY class="类名"></ANY>

                                         3、特殊用法-分类选择器

                                                   设置class值为redColor的p元素的 背景颜色为 Yellow

                                                   1、作用

                                                            将 元素选择器和类选择器结合到一起,从而实现对某种元素的不同样式的细分控制

                                                   2、语法

                                                            元素选择器.类选择器{

                                                                     样式声明;

                                                            }

                                                            p.redColor{

                                                                     background-color:yellow;

                                                            }

                                         4、特殊引用-多类选择器

                                                   1、作用

                                                            可以让一个元素同时引用多个类选择器,中间用空格分开即可

                                4、id选择器(重点)

                                         1、作用

                                                   只匹配指定ID值得元素

                                         2、语法

                                                   #id值{}

                                5、群组选择器

                                         1 、作用

                                                   选择器声明以逗号来隔开的选择器列表.其目的是为了声明一组选择器中的公共样式

                                         2、语法

                                                   选择器1,选择器2,选择器3,..,{

                                                           

                                                   }

                                        

                                                   ex:

                                                            设置页面上所有的p元素,span元素,id为d1元素,class为redColor的元素的文本颜色 为 红色

                                                            p,span,#d1,.redColor{

                                                                     color:red;

                                                            }

                                                            等同于

                                                            p{color:red;}

                                                            span{color:red;}

                                                            #d1{color:red;}

                                                            .redColor{color:red;}

                                6、后代选择器

                                         1 、作用

                                                   用于匹配某元素的后代元素时使用

                                         2、语法

                                                   选择器1 选择器2{

                                                           

                                                   }

                                7、子代选择器

                                         1、作用

                                                   用于匹配某元素的子代元素

                                         2、语法

                                                   选择器1>选择器2{

                                                           

                                                   }

                                8、伪类选择器

                                         1、作用

                                                   为了匹配元素不同的状态的

                                         2、语法

                                                   :伪类选择器{}

                                         3、分类

                                                   1、链接伪类

                                                            :link :匹配 超链接 未被访问时的状态

                                                            :visited :匹配 超链接 被访问过的状态

                                                   2、动态伪类

                                                            :hover :匹配鼠标悬停在 html 元素时的状态

                                                            :active : 匹配 html元素 被激活时的状态

                                                            :focus : 匹配html元素获取焦点时的状态(文本框与密码框)

                                                   3、目标伪类

                                                   4、元素状态伪类

                                                   5、结构伪类

                                                   6、否定伪类

    3、尺寸与边框

             1、CSS单位

                       1、尺寸单位

                                1、%

                                         占据父元素尺寸的占比

                                2、in

                                         英寸,1in=2.54cm

                                3、cm

                                         厘米

                                4、mm

                                         毫米

                                5、px

                                         像素,计算机屏幕上的一个点

                                6、pt(point)

                                         磅/点

                                         1pt=1/72in

                                7、em

                                         1em 相当于 当前字体尺寸

                                         2em 相当于 当前字体尺寸的2倍

                                注意:css中描述尺寸的单位是不能省略的。

                       2、颜色单位

                                1、rgb(r,g,b)

                                         r:red

                                         g:green

                                         b:blue

                                         r,g,b的范围分别是 0~255

                                         background-color:rgb(125,28,96);

                                2、rgb(r%,g%,b%)

                                3、#rrggbb

                                         由6位16进制数字表示颜色

                                         16进制范围:

                                                   0-9 A-F

                                                  

                                                   #ff0000 : 红色

                                                   #123456 :

                                4、#rgb

                                         #rrggbb的缩写

                                         #001122 --》 #012

                                5、表示英文的单词

                                         red,green,blue,yellow,

             2、尺寸属性

                       1、作用

                                尺寸属性一般用于设置元素的宽度和高度

                       2、宽度

                                属性:

                                         width

                                         min-width

                                         max-width

                                         注意:min-width/max-width 与 width 属性相冲突,最终以width属性值为准

                       3、高度

                                属性:

                                         height

                                         min-height

                                         max-height

                       4、注意

                                1、不是所有的元素都支持修改尺寸

                                         支持修改尺寸属性的元素如下:

                                         1、块级元素

                                         2、非块级元素中,存在width,height属性的html元素

                                                   table,img

                       5、溢出

                                使用尺寸属性控制元素大小时,如果内容所需的空间大小大于元素本身的空间,会导致内容溢出

                                处理溢出的属性:

                                         overflow:

                                         overflow-x:横向溢出处理

                                         overflow-y:纵向溢出处理

                                                   取值:

                                                            1、visibile

                                                                     默认值,溢出可见

                                                            2、hidden

                                                                     隐藏

                                                            3、scroll

                                                                     让元素显示滚动条,溢出时可用

                                                            4、auto

                                                                     自动,溢出时显示滚动条,并可用

             3、边框

                       1、作用

                                在元素周围绘制一条线

                       2、属性

                                1、简写方式

                                         border:width style color;

                                                   边框粗细,以px为单位

                                                   style:边框样式

                                                            solid : 实线

                                                            dotted : 虚线

                                                            dashed : 虚线

                                                   color:边框颜色

                                                            合法的颜色值

                                         作用:控制元素的上下左右四个边框的粗细,样式,颜色

                                2、单边定义

                                         border-方向:width style color;

                                         方向:

                                                   top:上

                                                   bottom:下

                                                   left:左

                                                   right:右

                                3、单属性定义

                                         border-属性:值;

                                         属性:

                                                   width : 边框粗细

                                                   style : 边框样式

                                                   color : 边框颜色

                                         作用:控制四条边的对应属性

                                4、单方向单属性定义

                                         border-方向-属性:值;

                                5、注意

                                         1、边框颜色可取值为 transparent,意味透明

                                         2、取消边框显示

                                                   border:0;

                                                   border:none;

                                                   border-方向:0;

                                                   border-方向:none;

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Hale-Proh/p/7199513.html
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