【docker部署】基于linux的centos操作系统部署安装docker容器

一、docker介绍

　　容器是轻量级的，包含应用运行所需所有东西（代码、库、运行时环境、系统设置，以及依赖关系）的独立的包。每个容器都部署于它自己的 CPU、内存、块 I/O，以及网络资源上，所有这些都不依赖于某个内核和操作系统。这也是容器与虚拟机之间最大的不同；相比之下，虚拟机是一个运行于宿主机操作系统上的完整的操作系统平台，而容器不是。容器允许你以一种前所未有的方式扩展交付能力（不管内部还是外部的）

docker和VM虚拟机的区别在于：

• 容器提供了基于进程的隔离，而虚拟机提供了资源的完全隔离。
• 虚拟机可能需要一分钟来启动，而容器只需要一秒钟或更短。
• 容器使用宿主操作系统的内核，而虚拟机使用独立的内核

docker发行版本分为：

• Docker CE（社区版）：免费开源版本-Docker Engine
• Docker EE（企业版）：商用收费版本-Docker Data Center　　 

docker安装环境：

• 公有云环境：基于阿里云以及腾讯云主机等安装Docker
• 私有云环境：基于自主主机环境安装Docker

Docker 平台基本上由三部分组成：

• 客户端：用户使用 Docker 提供的工具（CLI 以及 API 等）来构建，上传镜像并发布命令来创建和启动容器Docker
• 主机：从 Docker registry 上下载镜像并启动容器Docker
• registry：Docker 镜像仓库，用于保存镜像，并提供镜像上传和下载。

 

二、Docker容器安装部署

2.1 Docker容器部署

# 查看系统开发环境
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

# 查看系统内核版本
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# uname -a
Linux VM_0_10_centos 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 18 16:35:19 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
或
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# cat /proc/version 
Linux version 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-3
6) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Jun 18 16:35:19 UTC 2019 

在增加Docker阿里云yum源之前需要执行基础组件安装以及卸载历史版本：

# 基础组件安装
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++

# 卸载历史版本
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
No Match for argument: docker
No Match for argument: docker-common
No Match for argument: docker-selinux
No Match for argument: docker-engine
No Packages marked for removal

# 或删除已安装的docker
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y remove docker 
> docker-client 
> docker-client-latest 
> docker-common 
> docker-latest 
> docker-latest-logrotate 
> docker-selinux 
> docker-engine-selinux 
> docker-engine
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
No Match for argument: docker
No Match for argument: docker-client
No Match for argument: docker-client-latest
No Match for argument: docker-common
No Match for argument: docker-latest
No Match for argument: docker-latest-logrotate
No Match for argument: docker-selinux
No Match for argument: docker-engine-selinux
No Match for argument: docker-engine
No Packages marked for removal

PS：Docker部署要求64位的系统且内核版本至少为3.10

# 查看yum
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Cleaning repos: epel extras os updates
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum list

2.2 Docker安装

2.2.1 部署Docker添加yum源：

# 安装yum工具
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

# 配置docker阿里云yum源
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum-config-manager --add-repo=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

# 更新yum缓存
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y makecache fast

# 查看对应版本
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates

2.2.2 安装docker最新版本：

# 安装yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli 或者 yum install docker-io –y
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli

2.2.3 启动docker服务

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# systemctl start docker
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

2.2.4 检验安装docker服务信息

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# docker -v
Docker version 19.03.5, build 633a0ea
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.5
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.12.12
 Git commit:        633a0ea
 Built:             Wed Nov 13 07:25:41 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.5
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.12.12
  Git commit:       633a0ea
  Built:            Wed Nov 13 07:24:18 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.10
  GitCommit:        b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc8+dev
  GitCommit:        3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 19.03.5
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 1.795GiB
 Name: VM_0_10_centos
 ID: ZYOK:IVEB:436X:2EJF:HMYJ:A6RA:XXNW:4WY7:4YL7:MIR7:GO33:XMLX
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled

2.3 Docker配置阿里云镜像加速器

阿里云官网配置：

# 默认etc下已经有docker目录，这里不用重复创建
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker

编辑配置文件：vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# vi daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

  [root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# systemctl daemon-reload
  [root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# systemctl restart docker

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 19.03.5
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 1.795GiB
 Name: VM_0_10_centos
 ID: ZYOK:IVEB:436X:2EJF:HMYJ:A6RA:XXNW:4WY7:4YL7:MIR7:GO33:XMLX
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled

2.4 Docker容器基本组件部署与安装

2.4.1 Compose组件部署与安装：

　　Docker Compose是一个用来定义和运行复杂应用的Docker工具。一个Docker容器的应用，通常由多个容器组成。Compose 通过一个配置文件来管理多个Docker容器，在配置文件中，所有的容器通过services来定义。然后使用docker-compose脚本来启动，停止和重启应用，和应用中的服务以及所有依赖服务的容器，非常适合组合使用多个容器进行开发的场景

安装docker-compose的方式：

方式一：从github上下载docker-compose二进制文件安装下载最新版的docker-compose文件 

# curl -L参数是表示跳转到新网址下载；-o输出文件路径；-i：显示http response的头信息；-I只显示头部信息
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# curl -L  https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.1-rc1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   617    0   617    0     0    958      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   958
100 16.2M  100 16.2M    0     0   105k      0  0:02:37  0:02:37 --:--:--  127k

# 添加可执行权限
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# 卸载（删除该文件即可）
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

 方式二：使用pip install命令安装

# 使用pip安装需要先安装pip命令
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# yum -y install python-pip

# 安装
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# pip install docker-compose

# 卸载
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# pip uninstall docker-compose

检验docker-compose安装结果：

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.25.1-rc1, build d92e9bee
docker-py version: 4.1.0
CPython version: 3.7.4
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0l  10 Sep 2019

2.4.2 Machine组件部署与安装

　　Docker Machine是一个工具，可让您在虚拟主机上安装Docker Engine，并使用docker-machine命令管理主机。

通过github下载安装machine组件：

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.2/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine

参考博客：

https://www.cnblogs.com/mazhilin/p/11553510.html