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  • Java多线程系列--“JUC线程池”05之 线程池原理(四)

    转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/3512947.html

    概要

    本章介绍线程池的拒绝策略。内容包括:

    • 拒绝策略介绍
    • 拒绝策略对比和示例

    转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/3512947.html

    拒绝策略介绍

    线程池的拒绝策略,是指当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝,而采取的处理措施。
    当任务添加到线程池中之所以被拒绝,可能是由于:第一,线程池异常关闭。第二,任务数量超过线程池的最大限制。

    线程池共包括4种拒绝策略,它们分别是:AbortPolicyCallerRunsPolicyDiscardOldestPolicyDiscardPolicy

    AbortPolicy         -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时,它将抛出 RejectedExecutionException 异常。
    CallerRunsPolicy    -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时,会在线程池当前正在运行的Thread线程池中处理被拒绝的任务。
    DiscardOldestPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时,线程池会放弃等待队列中最旧的未处理任务,然后将被拒绝的任务添加到等待队列中。
    DiscardPolicy       -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时,线程池将丢弃被拒绝的任务。

    线程池默认的处理策略是AbortPolicy!

    拒绝策略对比和示例

    下面通过示例,分别演示线程池的4种拒绝策略。
    1. DiscardPolicy 示例
    2. DiscardOldestPolicy 示例
    3. AbortPolicy 示例
    4. CallerRunsPolicy 示例

    1. DiscardPolicy 示例

    import java.lang.reflect.Field;
    import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy;
    
    public class DiscardPolicyDemo {
    
        private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
        private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
            // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
            ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
            // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"丢弃"
            pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
    
            // 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
                pool.execute(myrun);
            }
            // 关闭线程池
            pool.shutdown();
        }
    }
    
    class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private String name;
        public MyRunnable(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    运行结果

    task-0 is running.
    task-1 is running.

    结果说明:线程池pool的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),这意味着"线程池能同时运行的任务数量最大只能是1"。
    线程池pool的阻塞队列是ArrayBlockingQueue,ArrayBlockingQueue是一个有界的阻塞队列,ArrayBlockingQueue的容量为1。这也意味着线程池的阻塞队列只能有一个线程池阻塞等待。
    根据""中分析的execute()代码可知:线程池中共运行了2个任务。第1个任务直接放到Worker中,通过线程去执行;第2个任务放到阻塞队列中等待。其他的任务都被丢弃了!

    2. DiscardOldestPolicy 示例

    import java.lang.reflect.Field;
    import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy;
    
    public class DiscardOldestPolicyDemo {
    
        private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
        private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
            // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
            ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
            // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"DiscardOldestPolicy"
            pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
    
            // 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
                pool.execute(myrun);
            }
            // 关闭线程池
            pool.shutdown();
        }
    }
    
    class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private String name;
        public MyRunnable(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    运行结果

    task-0 is running.
    task-9 is running.

    结果说明:将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为DiscardOldestPolicy之后,当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,线程池会丢弃阻塞队列中末尾的任务,然后将被拒绝的任务添加到末尾。

    3. AbortPolicy 示例

    import java.lang.reflect.Field;
    import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy;
    import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
    
    public class AbortPolicyDemo {
    
        private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
        private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
            // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
            ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));  //note:这个容量是阻塞队列的容量大小
            // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"抛出异常"
            pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
    
            try {
    
                // 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
                    pool.execute(myrun);
                }
            } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                // 关闭线程池
                pool.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
    
    class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private String name;
        public MyRunnable(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    我的说明:总共可以容纳的线程容量是,线程池中最多1个,阻塞队列中最多1个。因此,不抛出异常的情况下,只允许开启两个线程。一个放在线程池中,另外一个放在阻塞队列中。上面总共创建了10个线程,因此没有地方存放,就会抛出异常。
    避免抛出异常,可以修改阻塞队列的容量为9.

    某一次)运行结果

    复制代码
    java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1774)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:768)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:656)
        at AbortPolicyDemo.main(AbortPolicyDemo.java:27)
    task-0 is running.
    task-1 is running.
    复制代码

    结果说明:将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为AbortPolicy之后,当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,会抛出RejectedExecutionException。

    4. CallerRunsPolicy 示例

    import java.lang.reflect.Field;
    import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy;
    
    public class CallerRunsPolicyDemo {
    
        private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
        private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
            // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
            ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
            // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"CallerRunsPolicy"
            pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
    
            // 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
                pool.execute(myrun);
            }
    
            // 关闭线程池
            pool.shutdown();
        }
    }
    
    class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private String name;
        public MyRunnable(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    某一次)运行结果

    复制代码
    task-2 is running.
    task-3 is running.
    task-4 is running.
    task-5 is running.
    task-6 is running.
    task-7 is running.
    task-8 is running.
    task-9 is running.
    task-0 is running.
    task-1 is running.
    复制代码

    结果说明:将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为CallerRunsPolicy之后,当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,线程池会将被拒绝的任务添加到"线程池正在运行的线程"中取运行。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Hermioner/p/9941500.html
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