通过以下事例来说明表空间的恢复，删除表空间内的数据文件，删除后在针对位于该表空间的表进行插入记录以及实施检查点进程
SQL> select a.tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces a; TABLESPACE_NAME ------------------------------ SYSTEM SYSAUX UNDOTBS1 TEMP USERS
RMAN> backup tablespace users format '/data2/backup/tb_%d_%T_%U'; Starting backup at 14-OCT-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00004 name=/data2/orcl/user01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-OCT-15 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-OCT-15 piece handle=/data2/backup/tb_ORCL_20151014_24qjn1b5_1_1 tag=TAG20151014T172700 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 14-OCT-15 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 14-OCT-15 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_14/o1_mf_s_893093222_c1w7z7xo_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 14-OCT-15
SQL> ! rm /data2/orcl/user01.dbf; 1.查看数据文件是否存: [oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ ll /data2/orcl/ 总用量 1712960 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9846784 10月 14 17:35 control01.ctl -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 10月 12 15:18 control01.ctl.bak drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 10月 10 10:48 recover_log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 10月 14 17:35 redo01.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 10月 14 16:03 redo02.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 10月 14 16:03 redo03.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 10月 14 17:35 sysaux01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 10月 14 17:33 system01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 30416896 10月 14 17:10 temp01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 10月 14 17:35 undotbs01.dbf SQL> insert into scott.dept 2 (deptno, dname, loc) 3 values 4 (99, 'xuzhengzhu', '中国'); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. 2.手工执行一次检查点(进行检查点时,会触发数据块从数据缓存区写入到数据文件) SQL> alter system checkpoint; alter system checkpoint * ERROR at line 1: ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel Process ID: 18465 Session ID: 191 Serial number: 3 3.强制检查点后，告警日志出现错误提示，视图v$recover_file给出了故障数据文件: [oracle@TEST144239 alert]$ cd / [oracle@TEST144239 /]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/alert [oracle@TEST144239 alert]$ ll 总用量 644 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 652116 10月 14 17:39 log.xml [oracle@TEST144239 alert]$ tail -n 50 log.xml </txt> </msg> <msg time='2015-10-14T17:39:08.856+08:00' org_id='oracle' comp_id='rdbms' client_id='' type='UNKNOWN' level='16' host_id='TEST144239.localdomain' host_addr='10.88.144.239' module='' pid='18394'> <txt>Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ckpt_18394.trc: ORA-63999: data file suffered media failure ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4 ORA-01110: data file 4: '/data2/orcl/user01.dbf' ORA-27041: unable to open file Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3
使用RMAN命令恢复数据文件，此时数据库处于OPEN状态，因此首先需要将表空间脱机，恢复完成之后再将其联机。 RMAN> run{ 2> sql 'alter tablespace users offline immediate'; 3> set newname for datafile 4 to '/data2/orcl/user01.dbf'; 4> restore tablespace users ; 5> switch datafile all; 6> recover tablespace users ; 7> sql 'alter tablespace users online'; 8> } sql statement: alter tablespace users offline immediate executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting restore at 14-OCT-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 10/14/2015 18:08:26 RMAN-20021: database not set RMAN-06019: could not translate tablespace name "users"
问题解决:需要在nomount 的运行状态下,设置BDID,例如该数据库，set DBID=1420421951 RMAN> startup nomount force; Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 1937457152 bytes Fixed Size 2229584 bytes Variable Size 1241516720 bytes Database Buffers 687865856 bytes Redo Buffers 5844992 bytes RMAN> set DBID=1420421951; executing command: SET DBID RMAN> startup mount force; Oracle instance started database mounted Total System Global Area 1937457152 bytes Fixed Size 2229584 bytes Variable Size 1241516720 bytes Database Buffers 687865856 bytes Redo Buffers 5844992 bytes RMAN> alter database open; database opened RMAN> run{ 2> sql 'alter tablespace users offline immediate'; 3> set newname for datafile 4 to '/data2/orcl/user01.dbf'; 4> restore tablespace users ; 5> switch datafile all; 6> recover tablespace users ; 7> sql 'alter tablespace users online'; 8> } sql statement: alter tablespace users offline immediate executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting restore at 15-OCT-15 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=131 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=199 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3 channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=72 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /data2/orcl/user01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data2/backup/tb_ORCL_20151014_24qjn1b5_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/data2/backup/tb_ORCL_20151014_24qjn1b5_1_1 tag=TAG20151014T172700 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 15-OCT-15 Starting recover at 15-OCT-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 using channel ORA_DISK_2 using channel ORA_DISK_3 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 13 is already on disk as file /data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_13_892917066.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 14 is already on disk as file /data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_14_892917066.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 15 is already on disk as file /data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_15_892917066.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 16 is already on disk as file /data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_16_892917066.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17 is already on disk as file /data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_17_892917066.dbf archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_13_892917066.dbf thread=1 sequence=13 archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_14_892917066.dbf thread=1 sequence=14 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 15-OCT-15 sql statement: alter tablespace users online
SQL> conn sys/Sina.2015@study as sysdba; Connected. SQL> select * from scott.dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 99 xuzhengzhu ??????
另外: 也可以使用下面的命令完成同样的功能，注意表空间内有多个数据文件的情形，而仅有单个数据文件损坏则采用下面的方式处理更为妥当。
run{ sql 'alter database datafile 4 offline'; set newname for datafile 4 to '/data2/orcl/user01.dbf'; restore datafile 4; switch datafile all; recover datafile 4; sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';}