（六）NIO聊天室实战

1. NIO模型分析

对于服务端，创建Selector，需要监听ServerSocketChannel的ACCEPT事件，监听注册的每一个SocketChannel的READ事件。

• Selector监听ACCEPT事件，如果有客户发出连接请求，服务端要为该客户的通道在服务器Selector注册READ事件。
• Selector监听READ事件，即监听所注册客户的SocketChannel上是否有可读的数据。

对于客户端，也要创建Selector，这里监听的事件为SocketChannel的CONNECT事件 和 READ事件。

• • Selector监听CONNECT事件，直到连接完全建立后，为客户在selector上注册READ事件。
  • Selector监听READ事件，目的是监听服务器转发来的消息。

2.实验结果

 

  

3.完整代码

   3.1服务器

public class ChatServer {
    private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 8888;
    private static final String QUIT = "quit";
    private static final int BUFFER = 1024;

    private ServerSocketChannel server;
    private Selector selector;
    // 从ServerSocketChannel中读取客户端发来的消息。相对应，从客户角度，即要把数据写入该buffer
    private ByteBuffer rBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BUFFER);
    // 实现消息转发时，把消息写入到其他客户的SocketChannel
    private ByteBuffer wBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BUFFER);
    private Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    private int port; // 存储用户自定义的服务器端口

    public ChatServer() {
        this(DEFAULT_PORT);
    }
    public ChatServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }
    private boolean readyToQuit(String msg) {
        return QUIT.equals(msg);
    }
    private void close(Closeable closeable) {
        if (closeable != null) {
            try {
                closeable.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private String getClientName(SocketChannel client) {
        return "客户端[" + client.socket().getPort() + "]";
    }

    // 从客户通道上读取消息
    private String receive(SocketChannel client) throws IOException {
        rBuffer.clear(); // 因为rBuffer是类变量，每次调整指针，以清空消息
        // 写入到rBuffer，read()返回的是本次读到了多少字节
        while (client.read(rBuffer) > 0);
        rBuffer.flip(); // 写模式变为读模式
        return String.valueOf(charset.decode(rBuffer));
    }

    // 转发消息
    private void forwardMessage(SocketChannel client, String fwdMsg) throws IOException {
        // 注意区分selectedKeys() 和 keys(),
        // 前者返回所有触发了的事件所对应的SelectionKey的集合，后者返回目前所有注册到selector上的SelectionKey的集合
        for (SelectionKey key : selector.keys()) {
            Channel connectedClient = key.channel();
            if (connectedClient instanceof ServerSocketChannel) {
                continue;
            }
            if (key.isValid() && !client.equals(connectedClient)) {
                wBuffer.clear();
                wBuffer.put(charset.encode(getClientName(client) + ":" + fwdMsg)); // 向wBuffer写数据
                wBuffer.flip(); // 变为读模式
                while (wBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
                    ((SocketChannel)connectedClient).write(wBuffer); // 疑问：为什么不用检测客户channel是否处于WRITE状态？
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // 服务器需要处理两种事件，ACCEPT 和 READ
    // 疑问：为什么不用监听WRITE事件???
    private void handles(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        // ACCEPT事件 —— 和客户端建立了连接
        if (key.isAcceptable()) {
            // 获取ServerSocketChannel
            ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
            // 获取对应客户端的SocketChannel
            SocketChannel client = server.accept();
            client.configureBlocking(false); // 由默认的阻塞式转换为非阻塞式
            // 把客户注册在Selector上，监听READ事件
            client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            System.out.println(getClientName(client) + "已连接");

        }else if (key.isReadable()) {
            // READ事件 —— 客户端发送了消息
            SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
            String fwdMsg = receive(client);

            if (fwdMsg.isEmpty()) {
                // 客户端异常
                key.cancel(); // 取消掉，使selector不要再监听这个通道的READ事件了
                selector.wakeup(); // 通知selector，监听的状态发生了改变
            } else {
                System.out.println(getClientName(client) + ":" + fwdMsg);
                forwardMessage(client, fwdMsg);

                // 检查用户是否退出
                if (readyToQuit(fwdMsg)) {
                    key.cancel();
                    selector.wakeup();
                    System.out.println(getClientName(client) + "已断开");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void start() {
        try {
            // 创建ServerSocketChannel，默认处于阻塞式调用
            server = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            // 确保ServerSocketChannel处于非阻塞式状态
            server.configureBlocking(false);
            // 把通道所关联的socket绑定监听端口
            server.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));

            selector = Selector.open();
            // 让selector对象监听创建ServerSocketChannel上的ACCEPT事件
            server.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
            System.out.println("启动服务器，监听端口：" + port + "...");

            while (true) {
                selector.select(); // select()函数的调用是阻塞式的，直到所监听的通道的事件触发了，才会返回
                // selectionKeys中包含了一次调用select()，selector监听到的所触发所有事件的信息
                Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                for (SelectionKey key : selectionKeys) {
                    // 处理被触发的事件
                    handles(key);
                }
                selectionKeys.clear(); // 已经处理过的，要手动清空
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(selector); // 关闭selector之前，也自动关闭了注册到selector上的事件对应的通道
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ChatServer chatServer = new ChatServer(7777);
        chatServer.start();
    }
}

   3.2客户端

public class ChatClient {
    private static final String DEFAULT_SERVER_HOST = "127.0.0.1";
    private static final int DEFAULT_SERVER_PORT = 8888;
    private static final String QUIT = "quit";
    private static final int BUFFER = 1024;

    private String host;
    private int port;
    private SocketChannel client;
    private ByteBuffer rBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BUFFER);
    private ByteBuffer wBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BUFFER);
    private Selector selector;
    private Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    public ChatClient() {
        this(DEFAULT_SERVER_HOST, DEFAULT_SERVER_PORT);
    }
    public ChatClient(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
    }

    public boolean readyToQuit(String msg) {
        return QUIT.equals(msg);
    }
    private void close(Closeable closeable) {
        if (closeable != null) {
            try {
                closeable.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void handles(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        // 处理CONNECT事件 - 连接就绪事件
        if (key.isConnectable()) {
            SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
            if (client.isConnectionPending()) { // 如果为false，说明连接还不能完全建立，需要等待
                client.finishConnect(); // 完成建立连接的过程
                // 使用额外线程处理用户的输入
                new Thread(new UserinputHandler(this)).start();
            }
            client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        }else if (key.isReadable()) {
            // READ事件 - 服务器转发消息
            SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
            String msg = receive(client);
            if (msg.isEmpty()) {
                // 服务器异常
                close(selector);
            }else {
                System.out.println(msg);
            }
        }

    }

    private String receive(SocketChannel client) throws IOException {
        rBuffer.clear();
        // 写入到rBuffer，read()返回的是本次读到了多少字节
        while (client.read(rBuffer) > 0);
        rBuffer.flip();
        return String.valueOf(charset.decode(rBuffer));
    }

    // 发送消息给服务器，让服务器转发给其他人
    public void send(String msg) throws IOException {
        if (msg.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }
        wBuffer.clear();
        wBuffer.put(charset.encode(msg));
        wBuffer.flip();
        while (wBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
            client.write(wBuffer);
        }

        // 检查用户是否退出
        if (readyToQuit(msg)) {
            close(selector);
        }
    }

    private void start() {
        try {
            client = SocketChannel.open();
            client.configureBlocking(false); // 改为非阻塞状态

            selector = Selector.open();
            // CONNECT: SocketChannel已经与服务器建立连接的状态
            client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
            // 向服务器发送连接请求
            client.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host,port));


            while (true) {
                selector.select();
                Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                for (SelectionKey key : selectionKeys) {
                    handles(key);
                }
                selectionKeys.clear();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClosedSelectorException e) {
            // 用户正常关闭
        } finally {
            close(selector);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ChatClient client = new ChatClient("127.0.0.1",7777);
        client.start();
    }
}

public class UserinputHandler implements Runnable{

    private ChatClient chatClient;
    public UserinputHandler(ChatClient chatClient) {
        this.chatClient = chatClient;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            // 等待用户输入消息
            BufferedReader consoleReader = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(System.in)
            );
            while (true) {
                String input = consoleReader.readLine();

                // 向服务器发送消息
                chatClient.send(input);

                // 检查用户是否准备退出
                if (chatClient.readyToQuit(input)) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

参考

一站式学习Java网络编程 全面理解BIO_NIO_AIO，学习手记（六）