在用到whatis ，有时候无输出，显示appropriate之类的。通过如下脚本可以解决该问题。ubuntu 默认没有该脚本。
#!/bin/sh
# Generated automatically from makewhatis.in by the
# configure script.
#
#!/bin/sh
# makewhatis: create the whatis database
# Created: Sun Jun 14 10:49:37 1992
# Revised: Sat Jan 8 14:12:37 1994 by faith@cs.unc.edu
# Revised: Sat Mar 23 17:56:18 1996 by micheal@actrix.gen.nz
# Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
# May be freely distributed and modified as long as copyright is retained.
#
# Wed Dec 23 13:27:50 1992: Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) applied changes
# based on Mitchum DSouza (mitchum.dsouza@mrc-apu.cam.ac.uk) cat patches.
# Also, cleaned up code and make it work with NET-2 doc pages.
#
# makewhatis-1.4: aeb 940802, 941007, 950417
# Fixed so that the -c option works correctly for the cat pages
# on my machine. Fix for -u by Nan Zou (nan@ksu.ksu.edu).
# Many minor changes.
# The -s option is undocumented, and may well disappear again.
#
# Sat Mar 23 1996: Michael Hamilton (michael@actrix.gen.nz).
# I changed the script to invoke gawk only once for each directory tree.
# This speeds things up considerably (from 30 minutes down to 1.5 minutes
# on my 486DX66).
# 960401 - aeb: slight adaptation to work correctly with cat pages.
# 960510 - added fixes by brennan@raven.ca.boeing.com, author of mawk.
# 971012 - replaced "test -z" - it doesnt work on SunOS 4.1.3_U1.
# 980710 - be more careful with TMPFILE.
# 000323 - do not change PATH, better treatment of catpages - Bryan Henderson.
# 011117 - avoid suspicious filenames.
# 030310 - find files only; fix LAPACK cruft; no /usr/man default;
# use /dev/stderr instead of /dev/tty; handle files with strange names;
# add support for chinese, hungarian, indonesian, japanese, korean,
# polish, russian (Thierry Vignaud).
#
# makewhatis 1.6: Federico Lucifredi
# 060608 - Corrected traps.
# 060719 - section choosing behavior to match man's (Mike frysinger).
#
# Note for Slackware users: "makewhatis -v -w -c" will work.
#
# makewhatis flc 060719 (from man-1.6e)
program=`basename $0`
# In case both /usr/man and /usr/share/man exist, the former is local
# and should be first.
# It is a bug to add /var/cache/man to DEFCATPATH.
dm=
for d in /usr/local/man /usr/share/man
do
if [ -d $d ]; then
if [ x$dm = x ]; then dm=$d; else dm=$dm:$d; fi
fi
done
DEFMANPATH=$dm
dc=
for d in /usr/local/man /usr/share/man
do
if [ -d $d ]; then
if [ x$dc = x ]; then dc=$d; else dc=$dc:$d; fi
fi
done
DEFCATPATH=$dc
# In case /usr is read-only, make /usr/foo/whatis (etc) a symlink to
# something like /var/cache/man/foo-whatis.
# Some distributions make a single big /var/cache/man/whatis file,
# but that leads to problems and bugs.
# AWK=/usr/bin/gawk
AWK=/bin/awk
# Find a place for our temporary files. If security is not a concern, use
# TMPFILE=/tmp/whatis$$; TMPFILEDIR=none
# Of course makewhatis should only have the required permissions
# (for reading and writing directories like /usr/man).
# We try here to be careful (and avoid preconstructed symlinks)
# in case makewhatis is run as root, by creating a subdirectory of /tmp.
TMPFILEDIR=/tmp/whatis.tmp.dir.$$
rm -rf $TMPFILEDIR
if ! mkdir -m 0700 $TMPFILEDIR; then
echo Could not create $TMPFILEDIR
exit 1;
fi
TMPFILE=$TMPFILEDIR/w
# make sure TMPFILEDIR is deleted if program is killed or terminates
# (just delete this line if your shell doesnt know about trap)
trap "rm -rf $TMPFILEDIR" 0
trap "rm -rf $TMPFILEDIR; exit 255" 1 2 3 15
# default find arg: no directories, no empty files
findarg0="-type f -size +0"
topath=manpath
defmanpath=$DEFMANPATH
defcatpath=
if [ -n "$MANSECT" ]; then
sections=$MANSECT
else
sections=`$AWK '($1 == "MANSECT") { print $2 }' /etc/man.conf`
if [ x"$sections" = x ]; then
sections="1:1p:8:2:3:3p:4:5:6:7:9:0p:tcl:n:l:p:o:1x:2x:3x:4x:5x:6x:7x:8x"
fi
fi
sections=`echo $sections | sed -e 's/:/ /g'`
for name in "$@"
do
if [ -n "$setsections" ]; then
setsections=
sections=$name
continue
fi
case $name in
--version|-V)
echo "$program from man-1.6e"
exit 0;;
-c) topath=catpath
defmanpath=
defcatpath=$DEFCATPATH
continue;;
-s) setsections=1
continue;;
-u) findarg="-ctime 0"
update=1
continue;;
-v) verbose=1
continue;;
-w) manpath=`man --path`
catpath=$manpath
continue;;
-*) echo "Usage: makewhatis [-s sections] [-u] [-v] [-w] [manpath] [-c [catpath]]"
echo " This will build the whatis database for the man pages"
echo " found in manpath and the cat pages found in catpath."
echo " -s: sections (default: $sections)"
echo " -u: update database with new pages"
echo " -v: verbose"
echo " -w: use manpath obtained from /`man --path/`"
echo " [manpath]: man directories (default: $DEFMANPATH)"
echo " [catpath]: cat directories (default: the first existing"
echo " directory in $DEFCATPATH)"
exit;;
*) if [ -d $name ]
then
eval $topath="/$$topath":$name
else
echo "No such directory $name"
exit
fi;;
esac
done
manpath=`echo ${manpath-$defmanpath} | tr : ' '`
if [ x"$catpath" = x ]; then
for d in `echo $defcatpath | tr : ' '`
do
if [ -d $d ]; then catpath=$d; break; fi
done
fi
catpath=`echo ${catpath} | tr : ' '`
# first truncate all the whatis files that will be created new,
# then only update - we might visit the same directory twice
if [ x$update = x ]; then
for pages in man cat
do
eval path="/$$pages"path
for mandir in $path
do
cp /dev/null $mandir/whatis
done
done
fi
for pages in man cat
do
export pages
eval path="/$$pages"path
for mandir in $path
do
if [ x$verbose != x ]; then
echo "about to enter $mandir" > /dev/stderr
fi
# kludge for Slackware's /usr/man/preformat
if [ $mandir = /usr/man/preformat ]
then
mandir1=/usr/man
else
mandir1=$mandir
fi
# if $mandir is on a readonly partition and we cannot update the whatis
# file, then let's simply skip it
if ! touch ${mandir1}/whatis 2> /dev/null
then
if [ x$verbose != x ]; then
echo skipping $mandir - whatis file is readonly > /dev/stderr
fi
continue
fi
if [ -s ${mandir}/whatis -a $pages = man -a x$update = x ]; then
if [ x$verbose != x ]; then
echo skipping $mandir - we did it already > /dev/stderr
fi
else
here=`pwd`
cd $mandir
for i in $sections
do
if [ -d ${pages}$i ]
then
cd ${pages}$i
section=$i
curdir=$mandir/${pages}$i
export section verbose curdir
find $mandir/${pages}$i/. -name '*' $findarg0 $findarg -print | $AWK '
function readline() {
if (use_zcat || use_bzcat) {
result = (pipe_cmd | getline);
if (result < 0) {
print "Pipe error: " pipe_cmd " " ERRNO > "/dev/stderr";
}
} else {
result = (getline < filename);
if (result < 0) {
print "Read file error: " filename " " ERRNO > "/dev/stderr";
}
}
return result;
}
function closeline() {
if (use_zcat || use_bzcat) {
return close(pipe_cmd);
} else {
return close(filename);
}
}
function do_one() {
insh = 0; thisjoin = 1; done = 0;
entire_line = "";
if (verbose) {
print "adding " filename > "/dev/stderr"
}
use_zcat = match(filename,"//.Z$") ||
match(filename,"//.z$") || match(filename,"//.gz$");
if (!use_zcat)
use_bzcat = match(filename,"//.bz2");
if (use_zcat || use_bzcat) {
filename_no_gz = substr(filename, 0, RSTART - 1);
} else {
filename_no_gz = filename;
}
match(filename_no_gz, "/[^/]+$");
progname = substr(filename, RSTART + 1, RLENGTH - 1);
if (match(progname, "//." section "[A-Za-z]+")) {
actual_section = substr(progname, RSTART + 1, RLENGTH - 1);
} else {
actual_section = section;
}
sub(//..*/, "", progname);
if (use_zcat || use_bzcat) {
if (use_zcat) {
pipe_cmd = "zcat /"" filename "/"";
} else {
pipe_cmd = "bzcat /"" filename "/"";
}
# try to avoid suspicious stuff
if (filename ~ /[;&|`$(]/) {
print "ignored strange file name " filename " in " curdir > "/dev/stderr";
return;
}
}
while (!done && readline() > 0) {
gsub(/./b/, "");
if (($1 ~ /^/.[Ss][Hh]/ &&
($2 ~ /[Nn][Aa][Mm][Ee]/ ||
$2 ~ /^JMÉNO/ || $2 ~ /^NAVN/ || $2 ~ /^NUME/ ||
$2 ~ /^BEZEICHNUNG/ || $2 ~ /^NOMBRE/ ||
$2 ~ /^NIMI/ || $2 ~ /^NOM/ || $2 ~ /^IME/ ||
$2 ~ /^N[ÉE]V/ || $2 ~ /^NAMA/ || $2 ~ /^̾Á°/ ||
$2 ~ /^̾¾Î/ || $2 ~ /^À̸§/ || $2 ~ /^NAZWA/ ||
$2 ~ /^îáú÷áîéå/ || $2 ~ /^Ãû³Æ/ || $2 ~ /^¦WºÙ/ ||
$2 ~ /^NOME/ || $2 ~ /^NAAM/ || $2 ~ /^ÈÌÅ/)) ||
(pages == "cat" && $1 ~ /^NAME/)) {
if (!insh) {
insh = 1;
} else {
done = 1;
}
} else if (insh) {
if ($1 ~ /^/.[Ss][HhYS]/ ||
(pages == "cat" &&
($1 ~ /^S[yYeE]/ || $1 ~ /^DESCRIPTION/ ||
$1 ~ /^COMMAND/ || $1 ~ /^OVERVIEW/ ||
$1 ~ /^STRUCTURES/ || $1 ~ /^INTRODUCTION/ ||
$0 ~ /^[^ ]/))) {
# end insh for Synopsis, Syntax, but also for
# DESCRIPTION (e.g., XFree86.1x),
# COMMAND (e.g., xspread.1)
# OVERVIEW (e.g., TclCommandWriting.3)
# STRUCTURES (e.g., XEvent.3x)
# INTRODUCTION (e.g., TclX.n)
# and anything at all that begins in Column 1, so
# is probably a section header.
done = 1;
} else {
if ($0 ~ progname"-") { # Fix old cat pages
sub(progname"-", progname" - ");
}
if ($0 ~ /[^ //]-$/) {
sub(/-$/, ""); # Handle Hyphenations
nextjoin = 1;
} else if ($0 ~ ///c$/) {
sub(///c$/, ""); # Handle Continuations
nextjoin = 1;
} else
nextjoin = 0;
sub(/^.[IB] /, ""); # Kill bold and italics
sub(/^.BI /, ""); #
sub(/^.SM /, ""); # Kill small
sub(/^.Nm /, ""); # Kill bold
sub(/^.Tn /, ""); # Kill normal
sub(/^.Li /, ""); # Kill .Li
sub(/^.Dq /, ""); # Kill .Dq
sub(/^.Nd */, "- "); # Convert .Nd to dash
sub(////".*/, ""); # Trim pending comments
sub(/ *$/, ""); # Trim pending spaces
sub(/^/.$/, ""); # Kill blank comments
sub(/^'"'"'.*/, ""); # Kill comment/troff lines
sub(/^.in .*/, ""); # Kill various macros
sub(/^.ti .*/, "");
sub(/^.ta .*/, "");
sub(/^.Vb .*/, "");
sub(/^.[PLTH]P$/, ""); # .PP/.LP/.TP/.HP
sub(/^.Pp$/, "");
sub(/^.[iI]X .*$/, "");
sub(/^.nolinks$/, "");
sub(/^.B$/, "");
sub(/^.nf$/, "");
if (($1 ~ /^/.../ || $1 == "") &&
(entire_line ~ / - / || entire_line ~ / //- /)) {
# Assume that this ends the description of one line
# Sometimes there are several descriptions in one page,
# as in outb(2).
handle_entire_line();
entire_line = "";
thisjoin = 1;
} else {
if (thisjoin) {
entire_line = entire_line $0;
} else {
entire_line = entire_line " " $0;
}
thisjoin = nextjoin;
}
}
}
}
handle_entire_line();
closeline();
}
function handle_entire_line() {
x = entire_line; # Keep it short
gsub(//015/, "", x); # Kill DOS remains
gsub(/ /, " ", x); # Translate tabs to spaces
gsub(/ +/, " ", x); # Collapse spaces
gsub(/ *, */, ", ", x); # Fix comma spacings
sub(/^ /, "", x); # Kill initial spaces
sub(/ $/, "", x); # Kill trailing spaces
sub(/__+/, "_", x); # Collapse underscores
gsub(///f/(../, "", x); # Kill font changes
gsub(///f[PRIB0123]/, "", x); # Kill font changes
gsub(///s[-+0-9]*/, "", x); # Kill size changes
gsub(///&/, "", x); # Kill /&
gsub(////|/, "", x); # Kill /|
gsub(////((ru|ul)/, "_", x); # Translate
gsub(////((mi|hy|em)/, "-", x); # Translate
gsub(////*/(../, "", x); # Kill troff strings
gsub(////, "", x); # Kill all backslashes
gsub(/"/, "", x); # Kill quotes (from .Nd "foo bar")
sub(/<h1 align=center>/, "", x);# Yuk! HTML cruft
gsub(//000.*/, "X", x); # Binary cruft in LAPACK pages
gsub(/ +/, " ", x); # Collapse spaces (again)
sub(/^ /, "", x); # Kill initial spaces (again)
sub(/ $/, "", x); # Kill trailing spaces (again)
sub(//.$/, "", x); # Kill trailing period
if (!match(x, / - /))
return;
after_dash = substr(x, RSTART);
head = substr(x, 1, RSTART-1) ", ";
while (match(head, /, /)) {
prog = substr(head, 1, RSTART-1);
head = substr(head, RSTART+2);
if (prog != progname)
prog = prog " [" progname "]";
printf "%-*s (%s) %s/n", 20, prog, actual_section, after_dash;
}
}
{ # Main action - process each filename read in.
filename = $0;
do_one();
}
' pages=$pages section=$section verbose=$verbose curdir=$curdir
cd ..
fi
done > $TMPFILE
cd $here
if [ -f ${mandir1}/whatis ]
then
cat ${mandir1}/whatis >> $TMPFILE
fi
tr -s '/n' < $TMPFILE | sort -u > ${mandir1}/whatis
chmod 644 ${mandir1}/whatis
rm $TMPFILE
fi
done
done
# remove tempdir
rm -rf $TMPFILEDIR