模板

鉴于水平有限，可能会有问题。

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
#define ls ch[id][0]
#define rs ch[id][1]

const int INF = 1e9;

const int MAXN = 1000000 + 5;
int ch[MAXN][2], dat[MAXN];

int val[MAXN];
int cnt[MAXN];
int siz[MAXN];
ll sum[MAXN];

int tot, root;

inline void Init() {
    tot = 0;
    root = 0;
}

inline int NewNode(int v, int num) {
    int id = ++tot;
    ls = rs = 0;
    dat[id] = rand();
    val[id] = v;
    cnt[id] = num;
    siz[id] = num;
    sum[id] = 1ll * num * v;
    return id;
}

inline void PushUp(int id) {
    siz[id] = siz[ls] + siz[rs] + cnt[id];
    sum[id] = sum[ls] + sum[rs] + 1ll * cnt[id] * val[id];
}

inline void Rotate(int &id, int d) {
    int temp = ch[id][d ^ 1];
    ch[id][d ^ 1] = ch[temp][d];
    ch[temp][d] = id;
    id = temp;
    PushUp(ch[id][d]);
    PushUp(id);
}

//插入num个v
inline void Insert(int &id, int v, int num) {
    if(!id)
        id = NewNode(v, num);
    else {
        if(v == val[id])
            cnt[id] += num;
        else {
            int d = val[id] > v ? 0 : 1;
            Insert(ch[id][d], v, num);
            if(dat[id] < dat[ch[id][d]])
                Rotate(id, d ^ 1);
        }
        PushUp(id);
    }
}

//删除至多num个v
void Remove(int &id, int v, int num) {
    if(!id)
        return;
    else {
        if(v == val[id]) {
            if(cnt[id] > num) {
                cnt[id] -= num;
                PushUp(id);
            } else if(ls || rs) {
                if(!rs || dat[ls] > dat[rs])
                    Rotate(id, 1), Remove(rs, v, num);
                else
                    Rotate(id, 0), Remove(ls, v, num);
                PushUp(id);
            } else
                id = 0;
        } else {
            val[id] > v ? Remove(ls, v, num) : Remove(rs, v, num);
            PushUp(id);
        }
    }
}

//查询v的排名，排名定义为<v的数的个数+1。
int GetRank(int id, int v) {
    int res = 1;
    while(id) {
        if(val[id] > v)
            id = ls;
        else if(val[id] == v) {
            res += siz[ls];
            break;
        } else {
            res += siz[ls] + cnt[id];
            id = rs;
        }
    }
    return res;
}

//查询排名为rk的数，rk必须是正整数，rk过大返回无穷
int GetValue(int id, int rk) {
    int res = INF;
    while(id) {
        if(siz[ls] >= rk)
            id = ls;
        else if(siz[ls] + cnt[id] >= rk) {
            res = val[id];
            break;
        } else {
            rk -= siz[ls] + cnt[id];
            id = rs;
        }
    }
    return res;
}

//查询v的前驱的值（<v的第一个节点的值），不存在前驱返回负无穷
int GetPrev(int id, int v) {
    int res = -INF;
    while(id) {
        if(val[id] < v)
            res = val[id], id = rs;
        else
            id = ls;
    }
    return res;
}

//查询v的后继的值（>v的第一个节点的值），不存在后继返回无穷
int GetNext(int id, int v) {
    int res = INF;
    while(id) {
        if(val[id] > v)
            res = val[id], id = ls;
        else
            id = rs;
    }
    return res;
}

//查询小于等于v的数的和
ll GetSumValue(int id, int v) {
    ll res = 0;
    while(id) {
        if(val[id] > v)
            id = ls;
        else if(val[id] == v) {
            res += sum[ls] + 1ll * cnt[id] * val[id];
            break;
        } else {
            res += sum[ls] + 1ll * cnt[id] * val[id];
            id = rs;
        }
    }
    return res;
}

//查询前rk个数的和，rk必须是正整数
ll GetSumRank(int id, int rk) {
    ll res = 0;
    while(id) {
        if(siz[ls] >= rk)
            id = ls;
        else if(siz[ls] + cnt[id] >= rk) {
            res += sum[ls] + 1ll * (rk - siz[ls]) * val[id];
            break;
        } else {
            res += sum[ls] + 1ll * cnt[id] * val[id];
            rk -= siz[ls] + cnt[id];
            id = rs;
        }
    }
    return res;
}

int main() {
#ifdef Yinku
    freopen("Yinku.in", "r", stdin);
#endif // Yinku
    Init();
    int ops;
    scanf("%d", &ops);
    for(int i = 1; i <= ops; i++) {
        int op, x;
        scanf("%d%d", &op, &x);
        if(op == 1)
            Insert(root, x, 1);
        else if(op == 2)
            Remove(root, x, 1);
        else if(op == 3)
            printf("%d
", GetRank(root, x));
        else if(op == 4)
            printf("%d
", GetValue(root, x));
        else if(op == 5)
            printf("%d
", GetPrev(root, x));
        else if(op == 6)
            printf("%d
", GetNext(root, x));
        else if(op == 7)
            printf("%lld
", GetSumRank(root, x));
        else if(op == 8)
            printf("%lld
", GetSumValue(root, x));
    }
    return 0;
}