CentOS7静默安装oracle12c

操作系统：

官网下载镜像CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso。安装步骤略。

[root@oracle01 ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@oracle01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

安装前配置：

1. 修改主机名
[root@oracle01 ~]#sed -i "s/HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain/HOSTNAME=oracle01.cn/" /etc/sysconfig/network

2.修改hosts文件
[root@oracle01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts 
192.168.147.139 oracle01.cn

2.关闭selinux
[root@oracle01 ~]#sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
[root@oracle01 ~]#setenforce 0

yum安装必要安装包：

[root@oracle01 ~]#yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

[root@oracle01 ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel #检查是否安装成功

创建用户和组

1.创建oinstall和dba组
[root@oracle01 ~]#/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
[root@oracle01 ~]#/usr/sbin/groupadd dba

2.创建oracle用户
[root@oracle01 ~]#/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

3.设置oracle密码
[root@oracle01 ~]#passwd oracle

4.查看创建结果
[root@docker ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

修改内核参数

[root@oracle01 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 

# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912   #最低：536870912，最大值：比物理内存小1个字节的值，建议超过物理内存的一半
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

让配置生效
[root@oracle01 ~]#/sbin/sysctl -p

修改用户限制

[root@oracle01 ~]#vim  /etc/security/limits.conf

#在末尾添加
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240

在/etc/pam.d/login 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下内容

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

在/etc/profile 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下内容

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
       ulimit -p 16384
       ulimit -n 65536
    else
       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
   fi
fi

[root@oracle01 ~]#source /etc/profile    #使配置生效

创建相关目录

[root@oracle01 ~]#mkdir -p /u01/app/
[root@oracle01 ~]#chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
[root@oracle01 ~]#chmod -R 775 /u01/app/

把oracle软件解压后共享，挂载

[root@oracle01 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle01 ~]$ mkdir oradb    #新建目录用于挂载
[root@oracle01 ~]#mount -t cifs -o username=administrator,password=12345678,vers=2.1,sec=krb5 //132.122.239.148/Oracle12CLinuxX64 /home/oracle/oradb

[root@oracle01 ~]# ls /home/oracle/oradb
database

复制响应模板

[oracle@oracle01 ~]$mkdir etc
[oracle@oracle01 ~]$cp  /home/oracle/oradb/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/
[oracle@oracle01 ~]$ls etc
dbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  netca.rsp

设置权限

[oracle@oracle01 ~]$su - root 

[root@oracle01 ~]#chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp

静默安装配置

su - oracle

修改安装Oracle软件的响应文件/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY     // 安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle01      // 主机名称（hostname查询）
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall     // 安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory   //INVENTORY目录（不填就是默认值）
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW // 选择语言
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12/db_1    //oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle     //oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE 　　　　// oracle版本
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false 　　//自定义安装，否，使用默认组件
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba /　　/ dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall // oper用户组
oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl //globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl//SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 //自动管理内存的内存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle //设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false         //（手动写了false）
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 　　//设置安全更新

开始安装

 [oracle@oracle01 ~]$./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

 [oracle@oracle01 ~]$tail -f -n 10 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2018-02-06_02-39-59AM.log

出现类似如下提示表示安装完成：

------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 
#!/bin/sh 
#Root scripts to run

/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/12/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window 
2. Log in as "root" 
3. Run the scripts 
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

按照提示执行相关脚本
[oracle@oracle01 ~]$su - root
[root@oracle01 ~]#/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@oracle01 ~]#/u01/app/oracle/product/12/db_1/root.sh

修改oracle环境变量

su  - oracle
vim ~/.bash_profile
#for oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ROACLE_PID=oral12
#export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'

配置监听程序

[oracle@oracle01 ~]#netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control: 
/u01/app/oracle/product/12/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

启动监听程序

[oracle@oracle01 ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 06-2月 -2018 04:06:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

启动/u01/app/oracle/product/12/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: 请稍候...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
系统参数文件为/u01/app/oracle/product/12/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
写入/u01/app/oarcle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle01/listener/alert/log.xml的日志信息
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle01.cn)(PORT=1521)))
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle01.cn)(PORT=1521)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
启动日期                  06-2月 -2018 04:06:19
正常运行时间              0 天 0 小时 0 分 0 秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件          /u01/app/oracle/product/12/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
监听程序日志文件          /u01/app/oarcle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle01/listener/alert/log.xml
监听端点概要...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle01.cn)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
监听程序不支持服务
命令执行成功

静默建库

[oracle@oracle01 ~]$ vim etc/dbca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl.oracle01"   # 格式: <db_name.domain_name> 或 没有域名的情况下 <db_name>
SID = "dbsrv2"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"

执行建库

[oracle@oracle01 ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile etc/dbca.rsp

Enter SYS user password: 
  
Enter SYSTEM user password: 
 
sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory
sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
57% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
74% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete

安装至此完成。

 最后，数据库启动设置

1.修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

2.修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

3.修改/etc/oratab文件
将silent:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:N中最后的N改为Y，
成为silent:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y

4.敲入命令dbshut和dbstart测试