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  • ThreadLocal ——android消息机制handler在非主线程创建not called Looper.prepare() 错误的原因

    引用自:https://www.jianshu.com/p/a8fa72e708d3

    引出:

    使用Handler的时候,其必须要跟一个Looper绑定。在UI线程可直接初始化Handler来使用。但是在非主线程中直接new Handler() 会报错: E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): Uncaught handler: thread Thread-8 exiting due to uncaught exception E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()

    原因是非主线程中默认没有创建Looper对象,需要先调用Looper.prepare()启用Looper。 当初始化Handler的时候,其会通过Looper来获取当前的Looper,代码如下:

    public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
      //省略
    
      mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
      if (mLooper == null) {
          throw new RuntimeException(
              "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
      }
      //省略
    }

    那么,问题来了,为什么在子线程中,通过Looper.myLooper()方法获取的就是为空呢?如果有人回答了Looper是线程相绑定的,那它是如何做到绑定的? 如果还知道答案的话,那就可以跳过本篇文章了。

    代码分析

    1. Looper的myLooper方法

    public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
        return sThreadLocal.get();
    }

    此方法只是通过从变量sThreadLocal中取出一个值。那么它的值是哪里来的呢?

    2. Looper的prepare方法

    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }

    可以看出的是调用了这个方法之后,会在sThreadLocal中存在一个新建的Looper对象。那么看看这个sThreadLocal是什么东西呢?

    ThreadLocal分析:

    1. 定义 (本地线程副本变量工具类)

    先看一下官方的解释:

    Implements a thread-local storage, that is, a variable for which each thread
    has its own value. All threads share the same {@code ThreadLocal} object,
    but each sees a different value when accessing it, and changes made by one
    thread do not affect the other threads. The implementation supports
    {@code null} values.

    这段话的意思是实现了一个线程相关的存储,即每个线程都有自己独立的变量。所有的线程都共享着这一个ThreadLocal对象,
    并且当一个线程的值发生改变之后,不会影响其他的线程的值。

    threadlocal是一个范型类,这标志着threadlocal可以存储所有数据,作为存储数据来说,我们首先想到的是会对外提供set(),get(),remove(),等方法,顺着我们的想法来看源码,果然如此。

    2. 核心机制

    ThreadLocal的核心机制:

    • 每个Thread线程内部都有一个Map。
    • Map里面存储线程本地对象(key)和线程的变量副本(value)
    • 但是,Thread内部的Map是由ThreadLocal维护的,由ThreadLocal负责向map获取和设置线程的变量值。

    3. 实现

    ThreadLocal的类定义使用了泛型ThreadLocal<T>,其中T指代的是在线程中存取值的类型。(对应Android中使用的ThreadLocal, T则存放的类型为Looper)

    • set方法
    /**
     * Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
     * to the specified value.  Most subclasses will have no need to
     * override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
     * method to set the values of thread-locals.
     *
     * @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
     *        this thread-local.
     */
    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }
    
    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }
    
    void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
        t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }

    步骤:
    1.获取当前线程的成员变量map
    2.map非空,则重新将ThreadLocal和新的value副本放入到map中。
    3.map空,则对线程的成员变量ThreadLocalMap进行初始化创建,并将ThreadLocal和value副本放入map中。

    • get方法
    /**
     * Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
     * thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
     * current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
     * by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
     *
     * @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
     */
    public T get() {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null)
                return (T)e.value;
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }
    
    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }
    
    private T setInitialValue() {
        T value = initialValue();
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
        return value;
    }
    
    protected T initialValue() {
        return null;
    }
    步骤:
    1.获取当前线程的ThreadLocalMap对象threadLocals
    2.从map中获取线程存储的K-V Entry节点。
    3.从Entry节点获取存储的Value副本值返回。
    4.map为空的话返回初始值null,即线程变量副本为null,在使用时需要注意判断NullPointerException。

    remove()方法

    public void remove() {
     ThreadLocalMap m = getMap(Thread.currentThread());
     if (m != null)
         m.remove(this);
    }
    
    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }

    --------------------- 

    Thread线程内部的Map在类中描述如下:
    public class Thread implements Runnable {
        /* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
         * by the ThreadLocal class. */
        ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
    }

    总结

    ThreadLocal通过获取当前线程中的values属性,从而实现了每个单独线程的信息绑定。这样的话,Android的消息机制中,Looper便是采用ThreadLocal作为存储结构,所以looper对象的存储只会在当前线程中,子线程若是使用消息机制的话,必须调用Looper.prepare方法来在线程中新建一个Looper的对象。

    举例:

    package test;
    
    import test.*;
    
    public class Test {
    static final    ThreadLocal<ThreadValue> mThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<ThreadValue>();
        /**
         * @param args
         */
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            ThreadValue threadValue = new ThreadValue("主线程");
             mThreadLocal.set(threadValue);
             System.out.print("in main thread : mThreadLocal:" + mThreadLocal +"
    ");
             System.out.print("in main thread : 名字:" + mThreadLocal.get().name +"
    ");
             mThreadLocal.get().print();
    
             new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
    
                        ThreadValue childThreadValue = new ThreadValue("子线程");
                         mThreadLocal.set(childThreadValue);
                         System.out.print("in child thread : mThreadLocal:" + mThreadLocal +"
    ");
                         System.out.print("in child thread : 名字:" + mThreadLocal.get().name +"
    ");
                         mThreadLocal.get().print();
                    }
                  }).start();
        }
    
    }
    
    package test;
    
    public class ThreadValue  {
          String name;
          public ThreadValue() {
    
          }
    
          public ThreadValue(String name) {
              this.name=name;
          }
          public void print()
          {
              System.out.print("this = " + this+" 
    "); 
          }
        }

    结果:

    然后编译:javac test/*.java 
    运行:java test.Test 
    输出: 
    in main thread : mThreadLocal:java.lang.ThreadLocal@788bf135 
    in main thread : 名字:主线程 
    this = test.ThreadValue@2b890c67 
    in child thread : mThreadLocal:java.lang.ThreadLocal@788bf135 
    in child thread : 名字:子线程 
    this = test.ThreadValue@4f93b604

    可以看出由于mThreadLocal定义为静态最终变量,所以在主线程和子线程中,mThreadLocal都是同一个实例。
    但是在两个线程中调用mThreadLocal.get(),得到的ThreadValue对象却并不相同。
    这是因为mThreadLocal.get(),取到的对象是线程内的局部变量,相互之间并不干扰。


    ---------------------
    作者:??-D-Luffy
    来源:CSDN
    原文:https://blog.csdn.net/zyfzhangyafei/article/details/64927617
    版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Jackie-zhang/p/9895505.html
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