Ansible实战之Nginx高可用代理LNMP-wordpress

author：JevonWei
版权声明：原创作品
blog:http://119.23.52.191/

实验环境：前端使用Nginx做代理服务器，静态资源经由缓存服务器，连接后端web集群，动态资源直接连接后端集群，可由Nginx代理或Varnish实现动静分离，web服务端连接PHP服务，从而更好的提供动态资源，将动态资源数据保存在Mysql关系型数据库上，且Mysql数据库使用主从复制的技术。为验证整体架构的准确性，故将wordpress应用搭建在web服务端，来验证构架的有效性。为了防止单点故障，前端的Nginx代理还使用了keepqlive技术来实现高可用从而达到增加网络的安全性能的目的。

实验拓展：为了增加可用性，可将web集群分为动静两类web 集群组，从来实现动静分离的效果，Varnish集群来为静态资源提供缓存，从而使网络访问速度更快。前端代理也可使用HAProxy及LVS等技术来替代。后端Mysql数据库也可以增加数据备份的案例。

varnish的分离分离参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/JevonWei/p/7499417.html

网络拓扑图

主机环境

Ansible        172.16.252.82
Nginx_A 代理    172.16.252.207	
Nginx_B 代理    172.16.252.103
Keepalived_A   172.16.252.207	
Keepalived_B   172.16.252.103
Nginx+PHP_A    172.16.252.184	
Nginx+PHP_B    172.16.252.67
Mysql_Master   172.16.252.184	
Mysql_Slave    172.16.252.67

受添加限制
    Nginx_A和Keepalived_A为Nginx1.danran.com上
    Nginx_B和Keepalived_B为Nginx2.danran.com上
    Nginx+PHP_A和Mysql_Mstart在web1.danran.com主机上
    Nginx+PHP_B和Mysql_Slave在web2.danran.com主机上

实验准备

各节点需保持时间同步
确保主机名可以通信
节点间使用秘钥连接

时间同步

[root@ansible ~]# ntpdate 172.16.0.1

节点主机名通信

编辑/etc/hosts主机解析文件或使用DNS解析亦可
[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/hosts
172.16.252.184  web1.danran.com
172.16.252.67   web2.danran.com
172.16.252.82   ansible.danran.com
172.16.252.103  nginx2.danran.com
172.16.252.82   Ansible.danran.com
[root@ansible ~]# scp /etc/hosts nginx1.danran.com:/etc/
[root@ansible ~]# scp /etc/hosts nginx2.danran.com:/etc/
[root@ansible ~]# scp /etc/hosts web1.danran.com:/etc/
[root@ansible ~]# scp /etc/hosts web2.danran.com:/etc/

节点秘钥连接

[root@ansible ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
8e:bb:44:d7:25:df:1b:3e:9b:fa:22:15:b5:6b:e4:19 root@ansible
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|              .  |
|          . .. . |
|         . +..E  |
|      . S . .+o+ |
|     . +    ..=o |
|      o .  . .+  |
|     . .  . .  + |
|      o.   ..++  |
+-----------------+
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@nginx1.danran.com
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@nginx2.danran.com
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@web1.danran.com
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@web2.danran.com

Ansible配置文件

[root@ansible ~]# vim ansible.yml 
- hosts: websrvs
  remote_user: root
  roles:
  - nginx_web
- hosts: proxy
  remote_user: root
  roles:
  - nginx_proxy
- hosts: keepalive
  remote_user: root
  roles:
  - keepalive
- hosts: varnish
  remote_user: root
  roles:
  - varnish
- hosts: php-fpm
  remote_user: root
  roles:
  - php-fpm
- hosts: mysql
  remote_user: root
  roles:
  - mariadb
- hosts: websrvs
  remote_user: root
  roles:
  - wordpress 

Ansible主机清单文件

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts 
[websrvs]
172.16.252.184
172.16.252.67

[proxy]
172.16.252.207
172.16.252.103

[keepalive]
172.16.252.207  start1=MASTER start2=BACKUP priority1=100 priority2=90
172.16.252.103  start1=BACKUP start2=MASTER priority1=90 priority2=100

[varnish]
172.16.252.207
172.16.252.103

[php-fpm]
172.16.252.184
172.16.252.67

[mysql]
172.16.252.184 serverid=1  log="log_bin = master-log"
172.16.252.67  serverid=2  log="relay-log = master-log"

定义角色

keepalive

[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir keepalived/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,meta,default} -pv

[root@ansible roles]# vim keepalive/tasks/main.yml 
- name: install keepalived
  yum: name=keepalived state=latest
- name: install conf
  template: src=keepalived.j2 dest=/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
  tags: conf
  notify: restart keepalived
- name: start keepalived
  service: name=keepalived state=started
  
[root@ansible roles]# vim keepalive/handlers/main.yml 
- name: restart keepalived
  service: name=keepalived state=restarted

[root@ansible roles]# vim keepalive/templates/keepalived.j2 
global_defs {
    notification_email {
        jevon@danran.com
    }
    notification_email_from ka_admin@danran.com
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id keepaliveA
    vrrp_mcast_group4 224.103.5.5
}
vrrp_instance VI_A {
    state {{ start1 }}
    interface {{ ansible_default_ipv4.alias }}
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority {{ priority1 }}
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass qr8hQHuL
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
    172.16.252.100/32
    }
}
vrrp_instance VI_B {
    state {{ start2 }}
    interface {{ ansible_default_ipv4.alias }}
    virtual_router_id 52
    priority {{ priority2 }}
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass eHTQgK0n
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
       172.16.252.10/32
    }
}

nginx_web

[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir nginx_web/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,meta,default} -pv

[root@ansible roles]# vim nginx_web/tasks/main.yml 
- name: install nginx
  yum: name=nginx state=latest
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
- name: install conf
  template: src=vhost1.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost1.conf
  tags: conf
  notify: restart nginx
- name: install site home directory
  file: path={{ ngxroot }} state=directory
- name: install index page
  copy: src=index.html dest={{ ngxroot }}/
- name: start nginx
  service: name=nginx state=started
  
[root@ansible roles]# vim nginx_web/handlers/main.yml 
- name: restart nginx
  service: name=nginx state=restarted
  
[root@ansible roles]# vim nginx_web/vars/main.yml 
ngxroot: /blog

[root@ansible roles]# vim nginx_web/templates/vhost1.conf.j2 
server {
    listen 8080;
    root "/blog/wordpress";
    index index.php index.html;
    location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ {
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi.conf;
    }
}

nginx_proxy

[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir nginx_proxy/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,meta,default} -pv

[root@ansible roles]# vim nginx_proxy/tasks/main.yml 
- name: install nginx
  yum: name=nginx state=latest
  when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
- name: install conf
  template: src=proxy.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost1.conf
  tags: conf
  notify: restart nginx
- name: install nginx.conf
  copy: src=nginx.conf  dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
- name: start nginx
  service: name=nginx state=started
  
[root@ansible roles]# vim nginx_proxy/handlers/main.yml 
- name: restart nginx
  service: name=nginx state=restarted
  
[root@ansible roles]# vim nginx_proxy/templates/proxy.conf.j2 
upstream websrv {
    server 172.16.252.207:6081;
    server 172.16.252.103:6081;
}

server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    server_name www.jevon.com;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://websrv/;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forward-For $remote_addr;
    }
}

[root@ansible roles]# vim nginx_proxy/files/nginx.conf  \取消nginx自带默认web主机，将新定义的web虚拟主机作为默认主机
server {
    listen       80 ;
}

varnish

[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir varnish/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,meta,default} -pv

[root@ansible roles]# vim varnish/tasks/main.yml 
- name: install varnish
  yum: name=varnish state=latest
- name: install conf
  copy: src=default.vcl dest=/etc/varnish/
  tags: varconf
  notify: restart varnish
- name: start varnish
  service: name=varnish state=started
 
[root@ansible roles]# vim varnish/handlers/main.yml 
- name: restart varnish
  service: name=varnish  state=restarted
  
[root@ansible roles]# vim varnish/files/default.vcl 
vcl 4.0;
import directors;
backend web1 {
.host = "172.16.252.184";
.port = "8080";
}
backend web2 {
    .host = "172.16.252.67";
    .port = "8080";
}
sub vcl_init {
    new websrv = directors.round_robin();
    websrv.add_backend(web1);
    websrv.add_backend(web2);
}

sub vcl_purge {
    return (synth(200,"Pruge Fishished"));
}
acl purges {
    "172.16.252.110";
    "127.0.0.0"/8;
}
sub vcl_recv {
    if (req.method == "PURGE") {
        if (client.ip !~ purges) {
            return(synth(403,"Purging not allowed for" + client.ip));
    }
    return(purge);
}
    if (req.url ~ "(?i).(jpg|jpeg|png|gif)$") {
        set req.backend_hint = websrv.backend();
     }else {
        set req.backend_hint = websrv.backend();
    }
    if (req.restarts == 0) {
        if (req.http.X-Forwarded-For) {
            set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + "," + client.ip;
        } else {
                set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip;
        }
    }
}
sub vcl_backend_response {
    unset beresp.http.X-Powered-By;
    if (bereq.url ~ ".(css|js|png|gif|jp(e?)g|swf|ico|txt|eot|svg|woff)") {
    unset beresp.http.cookie;
    set beresp.http.cache-control = "public, max-age=3600";
    }
    if ( beresp.status != 200 && beresp.status != 404 ) {
        set beresp.uncacheable = true;
        set beresp.ttl = 120s;
        return (deliver);
    }
    set beresp.ttl = 1h;
    set beresp.grace = 30s;
    return (deliver);
}
sub vcl_deliver {
    if (obj.hits>0) {
        set resp.http.X-Cache = "Hit Via " + server.ip;
    } else {
        set resp.http.X-Cache = "Miss from " + server.ip;
    }
}

php-fpm

[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir php-fpm/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,meta,default} -pv

[root@ansible roles]# vim php-fpm/tasks/main.yml 
- name: install {{ item }} package
  yum: name={{ item }} state=latest
  with_items:
  - php-fpm
  - php-mysql
- name: start php-fpm
  service: name=php-fpm  state=started  enabled=yes

mariadb

[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir mariadb/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,meta,default} -pv

[root@ansible roles]# vim mariadb/tasks/main.yml 
- name: install mariadb
  yum: name=mariadb-server   state=latest
- name: install conf
  template: src=server.j2 dest=/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
  tags: conf
  notify: restart mariadb
- name: start mariadb
  service: name=mariadb  state=started  enabled=yes
- name: command master
  shell: /usr/bin/mysql -e "GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';"
  shell: /usr/bin/mysql -e "flush privileges;"
  when: ansible_hostname == "web1"
- name: command slave
  shell: /usr/bin/mysql -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.252.184', MASTER_USER='repluser', MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass', MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-log.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=245;"
  shell: /usr/bin/mysql -e "start slave;"
  when: ansible_hostname == "web2"
- name: wordpress command
  shell: /usr/bin/mysql -e "create database blog;"
  shell: /usr/bin/mysql -e "grant all on blog.* to 'blog'@'localhost' identified by 'blog';"

[root@ansible roles]# vim mariadb/handlers/main.yml 
- name: restart mariadb
  service: name=mariadb state=restarted

[root@ansible roles]# vim mariadb/templates/server.j2 
[mysqld]

server-id = {{ serverid }}
{{ log }}
innodb_file_per_table = ON
skip_name_resolve = ON

wordpress

[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir wordpress/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,meta,default} -pv

[root@ansible roles]# vim wordpress/tasks/main.yml 
- name: install unzip
  yum: name=unzip state=latest
- name: copy file
  copy: src=wordpress-4.8.1-zh_CN.zip dest=/blog
- name: command unzip
  command: /usr/bin/unzip -o  /blog/wordpress-4.8.1-zh_CN.zip -d /blog
- name: copy conf
  copy: src=wp-config.php dest=/blog/wordpress/
- name: mv conf
  command: mv /blog/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php /blog/wordpress/wp-config.php
  command: sed -ri 's/database_name_here/blog/' /blog/wordpress/wp-config.php
  command: sed -ri 's/username_here/blog/' /blog/wordpress/wp-config.php
  command: sed -ri 's/password_here/blog/' /blog/wordpress/wp-config.php
  
[root@ansible roles]# ls wordpress/files/
wordpress-4.8.1-zh_CN.zip

运行yml样本

[root@ansible ~]# ansible-playbook ansible.yml 
    .....
    .....
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
172.16.252.103             : ok=15   changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0   
172.16.252.184             : ok=20   changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0   
172.16.252.207             : ok=14   changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0   
172.16.252.67              : ok=20   changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0  

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