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  • 转:spring中InitailizingBean接口的简单理解

    转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/wxgblogs/p/6849782.html

    spring中InitializingBean接口使用理解

     

      InitializingBean接口为bean提供了初始化方法的方式,它只包括afterPropertiesSet方法,凡是继承该接口的类,在初始化bean的时候会执行该方法。
    测试程序如下:

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    import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
     
    public class InitBean implements InitializingBean{
     
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
           System.out.println("启动时自动执行 afterPropertiesSet...");
        }
     
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("init method...");
        }
    } 

      配置文件如下:

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation=
        "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
         http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"
         default-lazy-init="true">
     
        <bean id="initBean"  class="com.netease.nsip.spring.InitBean" init-method="init"> </bean>
    </beans>  

      Main主程序如下:

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    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;
     
    public class Main {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext context = new
                    FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:/applicationContext-core.xml");
            context.getBean("initBean");
        }
    }  

      运行Main程序,打印如下结果:

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    启动时自动执行 afterPropertiesSet...
    init method...  

      这说明在spring初始化bean的时候,如果bean实现了InitializingBean接口,会自动调用afterPropertiesSet方法。
      问题:实现InitializingBean接口与在配置文件中指定init-method有什么不同?由结果可看出,在spring初始化bean的时候,如果该bean是实现了InitializingBean接口,并且同时在配置文件中指定了init-method,系统则是先调用afterPropertiesSet方法,然后在调用init-method中指定的方法。这方式在spring中是怎么实现的?通过查看spring的加载bean的源码类(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory)可看出其中奥妙AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类中的invokeInitMethods讲解的非常清楚,源码如下:

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    protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd)
                throws Throwable {
    //判断该bean是否实现了实现了InitializingBean接口,如果实现了InitializingBean接口,则只掉调用bean的afterPropertiesSet方法
            boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean);
            if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod("afterPropertiesSet"))) {
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name '" + beanName + "'");
                }
                 
                if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
                    try {
                        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() {
                            public Object run() throws Exception {
                                //直接调用afterPropertiesSet
                                ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
                                return null;
                            }
                        },getAccessControlContext());
                    catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
                        throw pae.getException();
                    }
                }               
                else {
                    //直接调用afterPropertiesSet
                    ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
                }
            }
            if (mbd != null) {
                String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName();
                //判断是否指定了init-method方法,如果指定了init-method方法,则再调用制定的init-method
                if (initMethodName != null && !(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet".equals(initMethodName)) &&
                        !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) {
                        //进一步查看该方法的源码,可以发现init-method方法中指定的方法是通过反射实现
                    invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd);
                }
            }
        }

    总结:

    1. spring为bean提供了两种初始化bean的方式,实现InitializingBean接口,实现afterPropertiesSet方法,或者在配置文件中同过init-method指定,两种方式可以同时使用
    2. 实现InitializingBean接口是直接调用afterPropertiesSet方法,比通过反射调用init-method指定的方法效率相对来说要高点。但是init-method方式消除了对spring的依赖
    3. 如果调用afterPropertiesSet方法时出错,则不调用init-method指定的方法。

    spring中InitializingBean接口使用理解

     

      InitializingBean接口为bean提供了初始化方法的方式,它只包括afterPropertiesSet方法,凡是继承该接口的类,在初始化bean的时候会执行该方法。
    测试程序如下:

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    import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
     
    public class InitBean implements InitializingBean{
     
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
           System.out.println("启动时自动执行 afterPropertiesSet...");
        }
     
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("init method...");
        }
    } 

      配置文件如下:

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation=
        "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
         http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"
         default-lazy-init="true">
     
        <bean id="initBean"  class="com.netease.nsip.spring.InitBean" init-method="init"> </bean>
    </beans>  

      Main主程序如下:

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    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;
     
    public class Main {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext context = new
                    FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:/applicationContext-core.xml");
            context.getBean("initBean");
        }
    }  

      运行Main程序,打印如下结果:

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    启动时自动执行 afterPropertiesSet...
    init method...  

      这说明在spring初始化bean的时候,如果bean实现了InitializingBean接口,会自动调用afterPropertiesSet方法。
      问题:实现InitializingBean接口与在配置文件中指定init-method有什么不同?由结果可看出,在spring初始化bean的时候,如果该bean是实现了InitializingBean接口,并且同时在配置文件中指定了init-method,系统则是先调用afterPropertiesSet方法,然后在调用init-method中指定的方法。这方式在spring中是怎么实现的?通过查看spring的加载bean的源码类(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory)可看出其中奥妙AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类中的invokeInitMethods讲解的非常清楚,源码如下:

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    protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd)
                throws Throwable {
    //判断该bean是否实现了实现了InitializingBean接口,如果实现了InitializingBean接口,则只掉调用bean的afterPropertiesSet方法
            boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean);
            if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod("afterPropertiesSet"))) {
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name '" + beanName + "'");
                }
                 
                if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
                    try {
                        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() {
                            public Object run() throws Exception {
                                //直接调用afterPropertiesSet
                                ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
                                return null;
                            }
                        },getAccessControlContext());
                    catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
                        throw pae.getException();
                    }
                }               
                else {
                    //直接调用afterPropertiesSet
                    ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
                }
            }
            if (mbd != null) {
                String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName();
                //判断是否指定了init-method方法,如果指定了init-method方法,则再调用制定的init-method
                if (initMethodName != null && !(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet".equals(initMethodName)) &&
                        !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) {
                        //进一步查看该方法的源码,可以发现init-method方法中指定的方法是通过反射实现
                    invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd);
                }
            }
        }

    总结:

    1. spring为bean提供了两种初始化bean的方式,实现InitializingBean接口,实现afterPropertiesSet方法,或者在配置文件中同过init-method指定,两种方式可以同时使用
    2. 实现InitializingBean接口是直接调用afterPropertiesSet方法,比通过反射调用init-method指定的方法效率相对来说要高点。但是init-method方式消除了对spring的依赖
    3. 如果调用afterPropertiesSet方法时出错,则不调用init-method指定的方法。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/JimShi/p/11959491.html
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