English|定语从句
前言
目前所有的文章思想格式都是:知识+情感。
知识:对于所有的知识点的描述。力求不含任何的自我感情色彩。
情感:用我自己的方式，解读知识点。力求通俗易懂，完美透析知识。正文
什么是定语从句？什么是定语？
基本概念
定语:在句子里面，专门用来修饰名词的部分，可以是一个单词，可以是一个句子。可以是一个短语。(回顾状语是什么？状语是不是就是一句子里面除了修饰名词的词啊!别把定义搞混了!)
定语从句:一个句子，在另一个句子里面作定语。最简单粗暴的方式:将整个定语从句看成是一个很大的形容词。
定语从句的本质:定语从句其实就是两个并列句的合并。
定语从句的连接词:是关系词，主要分为两大类:
1.代词类关系词: 关系代词、关系代词所有格、复合关系代词
2.副词类关系词: 关系副词
关系代词
基本概念
关系代词的作用就是替代前面的先行词。
在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
代替人时，做主语用主格who，作宾语用宾格whom
代替物，或者代替整个句子时，无论做主语还是宾语，均用which
句例
1.先行词为一般名词，关系代词引导的定语从句，称为限定性定语从句
eg:He is a man whom we should respect.
(whom 作宾语，代替man。在美国英语中，whom作宾语时，也可用who代替。)
eg:Forest fires sre often caused by cigarette ends which people carekessly throw away.
(which 作宾语，代替cigarette ends)
2.主语从句作介词的宾语时，可以将介词移动到关系词之前
(一般书面语言，不允许将介词放在句子的末尾，显得不专业。)
eg:Peta is aman whom I enjoyed working with.(不专业)
eg:Peta is a man whith whom I enjoyed working.(书面语)
3.定语从句只对先行词进行补充说明，则关系词前面可加上逗号，称为非限定性定语从句。
先行词为一般名词，但其前面已经有限定词或形容词修饰时，其后既可用限定性定语从句，也可用非限定性定语从句，可以随机选择。
eg:He waved desperately to his companion, who had heen water-skiing for the last hen minutes.
4.先行词为专有名词(人名，地名)及唯一性名词(father，mother)时，因为本身就具有特殊性，其后关系代词引导的主语从句，必须是非限定性定语从句。
Bejing, which is the capital of China, has developed into an international city.
5.先行词为整个主句的时候，定语从句也多事非限定性定语从句。
eg:Peta is a naughty boy, which everyone knows.
6.that也可作关系代词，取代who,whom,which.但是that前不能有逗号，也不能有介词。
eg:This is the sort of thing that Kate loves.
7.当先行词同时出现 人 和 物 的时候，只能使用that
eg:The scientist and his inventions that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.
8.当先行词是不定代词(something,anything,nothing,everything)时，只能使用that
eg:I would much rather receive something that made me laugh.
9.当先行词被绝对性名词修饰时，只能使用that
(如序数词，形容词最高级，the every, the only, all, every, no等修饰时)
eg:All the students that are studying in our class is hardworking.
10.句子中有两个相同关系代词引导的定语从句时，为了避免重复，只能用that
eg:He works hard, which is a fact that is known to us.
11.限定性定语从句中，若关系代词作及物动词的宾语，该关系代词可省略。关系代词作介词的宾语，则介词放在句尾，再省略关系代词。
eg:That was all she remembered.(定语从句前省略了作宾语的关系代词that)
关系代词所有格
基本概念
关系代词所有格，由代词所有格 his,her,their, mt, your, its变化而来，关系代词所有格和后面的名词，共同做定语从句的主语，宾语。
无论是代替人，还是代替物，关系代词所有格都可以:whose
修饰物，也可以使用:of which
of前面是代词的时候，不用 whose，用of whom
句例
1.一般关系打次所有格
eg:Many people whose homes are in town want to live in the country.
(whose代替人)
2.名词/代词+of+whom/which这种结构，属于非限定性定语从句，表示从属关系。
eg:There are 300 college students in the small hall, most of whom are freshmen.
复合关系代词
基本概念
复合关系代词what，是先行词和关系代词融为一体，形成的关系代词，相当于the thing that。所以，复合关系代词引导的定语从句，前面绝对没有先行词。
句例
1.常见复合关系代词
eg:What John saud may be true.
== The thing that John said may be true.
== what was said by John may be true.(被动语态)
2.不常用复合关系代词
1)代替人: whoever = anybody who | whomever = anybody whom
2)代替物:ahtever = anything which
3)代替人或物:whichever = any one which/who = either which /who
eg: She would do whatever she wanted to.
== She would do anything which she wanted to.
关系副词
基本概念
关系副词:一共有3种，均由‘介词+关系代词which’变化而来。
1)where = in which | on which | at which 代替表地方 的名词
2)when = in which | on which | at which 代替表时间的名词
3)why = for which 代替the reasom
句例
1.在限定性定语从句中，where不能省略，when和why可以省略
eg: There will he moments in life when you are confrontedd with new options.
(when = in these moments = in which在句子里面作时间状语)
2.the way后面的定语从句
先行词是名词 the way 的时候，后面的关系副词时 in which 或者 that，而且可以省略
eg: I liked the way she organized the metting.
(the way 后面省略了 in which/that)
3.where /when代替的先行词作 be动词的表语时，可省略先行词，保留关系副词。
eg: This is (the place) where he was born.
4.某些表示时间的名词短语，后面接着没有引导词的句子，其实就是省略了关系副词when
eg: Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate.
结束语
恭喜各位，看完了定语从句，细心地去理解，其实定语从句也正是我所说的那样子。在从句的部分中，一定要心中一直有一个，我看的是句子的一部分的思维，不然从句是没有办法看懂的。