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  • Java多线程之线程池

    线程池处理任务原理

    这里写图片描述

    线程池实现参数解析:

    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                             int maximumPoolSize,
                             long keepAliveTime,
                             TimeUnit unit,
                             BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
    }
    
    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                                  int maximumPoolSize,
                                  long keepAliveTime,
                                  TimeUnit unit,
                                  BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                                  ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                                  RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
            if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
                maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
                maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
                keepAliveTime < 0)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
            this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
            this.workQueue = workQueue;
            this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
            this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
            this.handler = handler;
        }
    
    
    • corePoolSize
      • 核心线程数
    • maximumPoolSize
      • 最大线程数 ,它的值是int java.lang.Integer.MAX_VALUE = 2147483647 [0x7fffffff]
    • keepAliveTime
      • 线程存活时间
    • unit
      • 存活时间的时间单位
    • workQueue
      • 用于装载工作任务的队列
    • threadFactory
      • 生成现成的线程工厂
    • handler
      • 饱和策略 RejectedExecutionHandler

    BlockingQueue< Runnable>:

    • ArrayBlockingQueue:基于数组的有界阻塞队列
    • LinkedBlockingQueue: 基于链表的阻塞队列
    • SynchronousQueue: 一个没有数据缓冲的BlockingQueue,必须take元素之后才可以put。
    • PriorityBlockingQueue: 优先级队列

    RejectedExecutionHandler:
    ThreadPoolExecutor中有四个默认实现的策略类

    1. CallerRunsPolicy: 启用调用者线程执行,除非线程池shut down了,任务就被丢弃了
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
                if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                    r.run();
                }
            }
    
    1. AbortPolicy:直接抛出异常RejectedExecutionException
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
                throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                                     " rejected from " +
                                                     e.toString());
            }
    
    1. DiscardPolicy: 默默的丢弃任务
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            }
    
    1. DiscardOldestPolicy:丢弃队列里最久未处理的请求(the oldest unhandled request),然后执行当前任务
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
                if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                    e.getQueue().poll();
                    e.execute(r);
                }
            }
    

    小结:java线程池实现是解决资源有限的条件下,尽可能少的因为线程的创建销毁等时间等待和不必要的资源浪费。尽量使用创建好的线程去执行任务,那么来看,他的本质组成就肯定少不了这几个东西:一堆创建好的线程,或者预创建线程数目下可创建的线程,执行的任务,当任务多,但是线程数目有限的时候,对于任务的装载(队列)!以及,当队列满的时候,再有新来的任务的饱和处理策略,比如:是要直接丢弃,还是扔掉队列里面的最远或者最近的任务,执行它还是保存到硬盘或者数据库等等!由此可见,一些线程+队列+饱和处理策略=线程池的实现。

    jdk提供的几种线程池

    Executors类提供了下述几种方法生成相应的线程池对象:

    1. newFixedThreadPool,有这个方法我们一步一步看出来它是核心线程数=最大线程数,工作队列是LinkedBlockingQueue,饱和策略是默认的实现AbortPolicy ,该策略的处理是总是抛出错误
    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
            return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                          0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                          new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
        }
    
    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                                  int maximumPoolSize,
                                  long keepAliveTime,
                                  TimeUnit unit,
                                  BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
            this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
                 Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
        }
    
    private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler =
            new AbortPolicy();
    
    public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
            
            public AbortPolicy() { }
    
            /**
             * Always throws RejectedExecutionException.
             */
            public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
                throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                                     " rejected from " +
                                                     e.toString());
            }
        }
    
    1. newWorkStealingPool jdk1.8提供 暂略
    2. newSingleThreadExecutor
      单线程,工作队列是LinkedBlockingQueue,饱和策略是默认的实现AbortPolicy
    public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
            return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
                (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                        0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                        new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
        }
    
    1. newCachedThreadPool
      该线程池的特点是初始没有核心线程,执行任务的时候再生成,并且空闲线程的存活时间是1分钟,使用的工作队列是SynchronousQueue这个没有数据缓冲的阻塞队列,饱和策略依然是默认的实现。
    public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
            return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                          60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                          new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
        }
    
    1. newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor
      它调用的是ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize)方法,只不过参数是1
    public static ScheduledExecutorService newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor() {
            return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService
                (new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1));
        }
    
    1. newScheduledThreadPool
      DelayedWorkQueue: http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/99456
    public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
            super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
                  new DelayedWorkQueue());
        }
    

    在这里插入图片描述

    • shutdown 不接受新的任务但是依然会处理队列中存储的任务
    • stop 不接受新任务 也不会处理队列中的剩余任务
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Kevin-1992/p/12608395.html
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