STL标准库-算法-常用算法

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介绍11种STL标准库的算法,从这11种算法中总结一下算法的基本使用

1.accumulate() 累加

2.for_each() for一段区间 做你指定的行为

3.replace(), replace_if(), replace_copy() 替换函数

4.count(), count_if() 计数

5.find() 查找

6.sort() 排序

7.binary_search()查看元素是否在指定区间

---

下面的仿函数都没有继承自 binary_function<T,T,bool>, unary_function<T,bool>,但是在实际操作中,声明仿函数一定要继承自binary_function<T,T,bool>,unary_function<T,bool>

下一节内容会介绍为什么要继承自这两个类

---

一 accumulate(),累加,将指定区域内的value累加起来

源码及参数介绍

//默认累加算法,将传进的__first(begin()迭代器)位置,至__last(end()迭代器),与init求和
template<typename _InputIterator, typename _Tp>
    inline _Tp
    accumulate(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Tp __init)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

      for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
    __init = __init + *__first;
      return __init;
    }


//自定义accumulate 按照指定的要求做”累加”操作
  template<typename _InputIterator, typename _Tp, typename _BinaryOperation>
    inline _Tp
    accumulate(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Tp __init,
           _BinaryOperation __binary_op)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

      for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
    __init = __binary_op(__init, *__first);
      return __init;
    }

基本使用

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

namespace wzj000 {
    int myfunc(int x, int y) {return x+2*y;}

    struct myclass{
        int operator()(int x, int y){return x+3*y;}
    };

    void test_accumulate()
    {
        int init = 100;
        int num[]  {10, 20, 30};

        cout<<"default accumulate: " << accumulate(num, num+3, init)<< endl; //100 + 10 + 20 + 30 默认累加

        cout << "using minus: " << accumulate(num, num+3, init, minus<int>())<< endl; //100 - 10 - 20 - 30 将累加改为递减

        cout << "using custom function: " << accumulate(num, num+3, init, myfunc)<< endl; // 100 + 2*10 + 2*20 + 2*30 自定义"累加"规则 func

        cout << "suing custom object: " << accumulate(num, num+3, init, myclass())<< endl; // 100 + 3*10 + 3*20 + 3*30自定义"累加"规则 仿函数
    }
}

 测试结果

  

---

二 for_each()  for一段区间 做你指定的行为

源码及参数介绍

template <class Inputerator, class Function>
Function for_each(Inputerator first, Inputerator last, Function f)
{//参数1 起始点 参数2 终点, 参数3 想要执行的操作
    for( ; first != last; ++first)
    {
        f(*first);
    }
    return f;
}

基本使用

namespace wzj001 {
    void myfunc(int i)
    {
        cout << " - " << i;
    }

    struct myclass{
        void operator()(int i)
        {
            cout << " ^ " << i;
        }
    };

    void test_for_each()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        for_each(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myfunc);
        cout << endl;
    }

    void test_for_each_classFunc()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        for_each(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass());
        cout << endl;
    }
}

 测试结果

---

 三 replace() 替换函数

     replace_if()

　  replace_copy()

源码及参数介绍

template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
void replace(Inputerator first, Inputerator last, const T & old_value, const T& new_value)
{//范围内所有等于old_value者都一new_value取代
    for( ; first != last; ++first)
    {
        if(*first == old_value)
            *first = new_value;
    }
}

template <class Inputerator, class Inputerator, class T>
void replace_if(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Predicate pred, const T& new_value)
{//范围内所有满足pred()为true之元素都以new_value取代
    for( ; first != last; ++first)
    {
        if(pred(*first))
            *first = new_value;
    }
}

template <class Inputerator, class Outputerator, class T>
Outputerator replace_copy(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Outputerator result, const T & old_value, const T& new_value)
{//范围内所有等于old_value者都以new_value放置新区域
//不符合者原值放入新区域
    for( ; first != last; ++first, ++result)
    {
        *result = *first == old_value ? new_value : *first;
    }
}

基本使用

namespace wzj002 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i)
        {
            return i >=10 ? true : false;
        }
    };

    void test_replace()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        replace(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), 20 ,30);
        cout << "replace: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    void test_replace_if()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        replace_if(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass(), 30);
        cout << "replace_if: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    void test_replace_copy()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        vector<int> myNewVector;
        myNewVector.resize(3);
        replace_copy(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myNewVector.begin(), 20, 10);
        cout << "replace_if_New: ";
        for(auto i : myNewVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;

        cout << "replace_if_Old: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

  测试结果

---

四 count() 计数

    count_if()

源码及参数介绍

template <class Inputerator, class Outputerator, class T>
typename iterator_traits<Inputerator>::difference_type;
count(Inputerator first, Inputerator last, const T& value)
{
    typename iterator_traits<Inputerator>::difference_type;
    for( ; first != last; ++first)
        if(*first == value) //满足要求 值 == value 累计+1
            ++n;
    return n;
}

template <class Inputerator, class Outputerator, class Predicate>
typename iterator_traits<Inputerator>::difference_type;
count_if(Inputerator first, Inputerator last, Predicate pred)
{
    typename iterator_traits<Inputerator>::difference_type;
    for( ; first != last; ++first)
        if(pred(*first)) //满足指定要求 累计 +1
            ++n;
    return n;
}

 

count()和count_if()是全局算法,适用于array,vector,list,forward_list, deque

map,set,unordered_set/map由于是关联式容器,所有有自己的count()和count_if()函数

基本使用

namespace wzj003 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i)
        {
            return i >= 20;
        }
    };

    void test_count()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        cout << "count(): "<< count(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), 20) <<endl;
    }

    void test_count_if()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 10, 20, 20, 30, 30};
        cout << "count_if(): " << count_if(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass())  <<endl;
    }
}

测试结果 

 

---

五 find() 查找

　 find_if()

find()和find_if()是全局算法,适用于array,vector,list,forward_list, deque

map,set,unordered_set/map由于是关联式容器,所有有自己的find()和find_if()函数

源码及参数介绍

template <class Inputerator, class T>
Inputerator find_if(Inputerator first, Inputerator last,  const T& value)
{
    while(first != last && *first != value)
        ++first;
    return first;
}


template <class Inputerator, class Predicate>
Inputerator find_if(Inputerator first, Inputerator last, Predicate pred)
{
    while(first != last && !pred(*first))
        ++first;
    return first;
}

基本使用

namespace wzj004 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i)
        {
            return i >= 30;
        }
    };

    void test_find()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        auto tmp = find(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), 20);
        cout << "find(): "<< distance(myVector.begin(), tmp) <<endl;
    }

    void test_find_if()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        auto tmp = find_if(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass());
        cout << "find_if(): " << distance(myVector.begin(), tmp)<<endl;
    }
}

测试结果

---

六 sort 排序

list和forward_list有成员sort()函数

set/map自动排序

array,vector,deque用全局sort()

namespace wzj005 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i, int y)
        {
            return i > y;//  sort默认降序, 自定义为升序
        }
    };

    void test_sort()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, 100, 60, 80};
        sort(myVector.begin(), myVector.end());
        cout << "sort: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;

    }

    void test_sort_if()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, 100, 60, 80};
        sort(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass());
        cout << "sort_if: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

测试结果

---

 七 binary_search()查看元素是否在指定区间内

源码及参数介绍

template <class Inputerator, class T>
bool binary_search(Inputerator first, Inputerator last, const T& val)
{//返回元素是否在指定区间
    first = std::lower_bound(first,last,val);
    return (first != last && !(val < *first));
}

基本使用

namespace wzj006 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i, int y)
        {
            return i > y;
        }
    };

    void test_binary_search()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, 100, 60, 80};
        cout <<"binary_search: " << (binary_search(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), 50) ? "true" : "false") << endl;
    }
}

测试结果 

 全部测试代码

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

namespace wzj000 {
    int myfunc(int x, int y) {return x+2*y;}

    struct myclass{
        int operator()(int x, int y){return x+3*y;}
    };

    void test_accumulate()
    {
        int init = 100;
        int num[]  {10, 20, 30};

        cout<<"default accumulate: " << accumulate(num, num+3, init)<< endl; //100 + 10 + 20 + 30 默认累加

        cout << "using minus: " << accumulate(num, num+3, init, minus<int>())<< endl; //100 - 10 - 20 - 30 将累加改为递减

        cout << "using custom function: " << accumulate(num, num+3, init, myfunc)<< endl; // 100 + 2*10 + 2*20 + 2*30 //自定义"累加"规则 func

        cout << "suing custom object: " << accumulate(num, num+3, init, myclass())<< endl; // 100 + 3*10 + 3*20 + 3*30//自定义"累加"规则 仿函数
    }
}


namespace wzj001 {
    void myfunc(int i)
    {
        cout << " - " << i;
    }

    struct myclass{
        void operator()(int i)
        {
            cout << " ^ " << i;
        }
    };

    void test_for_each()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        for_each(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myfunc);
        cout << endl;
    }

    void test_for_each_classFunc()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        for_each(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass());
        cout << endl;
    }
}

namespace wzj002 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i)
        {
            return i >=10 ? true : false;
        }
    };

    void test_replace()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        replace(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), 20 ,30);
        cout << "replace: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    void test_replace_if()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        replace_if(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass(), 30);
        cout << "replace_if: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    void test_replace_copy()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        vector<int> myNewVector;
        myNewVector.resize(3);
        replace_copy(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myNewVector.begin(), 20, 10);
        cout << "replace_if_New: ";
        for(auto i : myNewVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;

        cout << "replace_if_Old: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

namespace wzj003 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i)
        {
            return i >= 20;
        }
    };

    void test_count()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        cout << "count(): "<< count(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), 20) <<endl;
    }

    void test_count_if()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 10, 20, 20, 30, 30};
        cout << "count_if(): " << count_if(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass())  <<endl;
    }
}

namespace wzj004 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i)
        {
            return i >= 30;
        }
    };

    void test_find()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        auto tmp = find(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), 20);
        cout << "find(): "<< distance(myVector.begin(), tmp) <<endl;
    }

    void test_find_if()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30};
        auto tmp = find_if(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass());
        cout << "find_if(): " << distance(myVector.begin(), tmp)<<endl;
    }
}

namespace wzj005 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i, int y)
        {
            return i > y;//  sort默认降序, 自定义为升序
        }
    };

    void test_sort()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, 100, 60, 80};
        sort(myVector.begin(), myVector.end());
        cout << "sort: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;

    }

    void test_sort_if()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, 100, 60, 80};
        sort(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), myclass());
        cout << "sort_if: ";
        for(auto i : myVector)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

namespace wzj006 {
    struct myclass{
        bool operator()(int i, int y)
        {
            return i > y;
        }
    };

    void test_binary_search()
    {
        vector<int> myVector = {10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, 100, 60, 80};
        cout <<"binary_search: " << (binary_search(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), 50) ? "true" : "false") << endl;
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    wzj000::test_accumulate();
    wzj001::test_for_each();
    wzj001::test_for_each_classFunc();
    wzj002::test_replace();
    wzj002::test_replace_if();
    wzj002::test_replace_copy();
    wzj003::test_count();
    wzj003::test_count_if();
    wzj004::test_find();
    wzj004::test_find_if();
    wzj005::test_sort();
    wzj005::test_sort_if();
    wzj006::test_binary_search();
    return 0;
}

参考侯捷<<STL源码剖析>>