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    RabbitMQ从零到集群高可用.NetCore(.NET5) - 死信队列,延时队列

     

     系列文章:

    RabbitMQ从零到集群高可用.NetCore(.NET5)- RabbitMQ简介和六种工作模式详解

    RabbitMQ从零到集群高可用.NetCore(.NET5)- 死信队列,延时队列

    RabbitMQ从零到集群高可用.NetCore(.NET5) - 高可用集群构建落地

    一、死信队列

     描述:Q1队列绑定了x-dead-letter-exchange(死信交换机)为X2,x-dead-letter-routing-key(死信路由key)指向Q2(队列2)

                P(生产者)发送消息经X1(交换机1)路由到Q1(队列1),Q1的消息触发特定情况,自动把消息经X2(交换机2)路由到Q2(队列2),C(消费者)直接消息Q2的消息。

    特定情况有哪些呢:

    1. 消息被拒(basic.reject or basic.nack)并且没有重新入队(requeue=false);
    2. 当前队列中的消息数量已经超过最大长度(创建队列时指定" x-max-length参数设置队列最大消息数量)。
    3. 消息在队列中过期,即当前消息在队列中的存活时间已经超过了预先设置的TTL(Time To Live)时间;

    这里演示情况1:

    假如场景:Q1中队列数据不完整,就算从新处理也会报错,那就可以不ack,把这个消息转到死信队列另外处理。

    生产者:

    复制代码
     public static void SendMessage()
            {
                //死信交换机
                string dlxexChange = "dlx.exchange";
                //死信队列
                string dlxQueueName = "dlx.queue";
    
                //消息交换机
                string exchange = "direct-exchange";
                //消息队列
                string queueName = "queue_a";
    
                using (var connection = RabbitMQHelper.GetConnection())
                {
                    using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
                    {
    
                        //创建死信交换机
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(dlxexChange, type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false);
                        //创建死信队列
                        channel.QueueDeclare(dlxQueueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false);
                        //死信队列绑定死信交换机
                        channel.QueueBind(dlxQueueName, dlxexChange, routingKey: dlxQueueName);
    
                        // 创建消息交换机
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange, type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false);
                        //创建消息队列,并指定死信队列
                        channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments:
                                            new Dictionary<string, object> {
                                                 { "x-dead-letter-exchange",dlxexChange}, //设置当前队列的DLX(死信交换机)
                                                 { "x-dead-letter-routing-key",dlxQueueName}, //设置DLX的路由key,DLX会根据该值去找到死信消息存放的队列
                                             });
                        //消息队列绑定消息交换机
                        channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchange, routingKey: queueName);
    
                        string message = "hello rabbitmq message";
                        var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                        properties.Persistent = true;
                        //发布消息
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: exchange,
                                             routingKey: queueName,
                                             basicProperties: properties,
                                             body: Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));
                        Console.WriteLine($"向队列:{queueName}发送消息:{message}");
                    }
                }
            }
    复制代码

    消费者:

    复制代码
      public static void Consumer()
            {
                //死信交换机
                string dlxexChange = "dlx.exchange";
                //死信队列
                string dlxQueueName = "dlx.queue";
    
                //消息交换机
                string exchange = "direct-exchange";
                //消息队列
                string queueName = "queue_a";
                var connection = RabbitMQHelper.GetConnection();
                {
                    //创建信道
                    var channel = connection.CreateModel();
                    {
    
                        //创建死信交换机
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(dlxexChange, type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false);
                        //创建死信队列
                        channel.QueueDeclare(dlxQueueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false);
                        //死信队列绑定死信交换机
                        channel.QueueBind(dlxQueueName, dlxexChange, routingKey: dlxQueueName);
    
                        // 创建消息交换机
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange, type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false);
                        //创建消息队列,并指定死信队列
                        channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments:
                                            new Dictionary<string, object> {
                                                 { "x-dead-letter-exchange",dlxexChange}, //设置当前队列的DLX
                                                 { "x-dead-letter-routing-key",dlxQueueName}, //设置DLX的路由key,DLX会根据该值去找到死信消息存放的队列
                                             });
                        //消息队列绑定消息交换机
                        channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchange, routingKey: queueName);
    
    
                        var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
                        channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: true);
                        consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                        {
                            //处理业务
                            var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body.ToArray());
                            Console.WriteLine($"队列{queueName}消费消息:{message},不做ack确认");
                            //channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
                            //不ack(BasicNack),且不把消息放回队列(requeue:false)
                            channel.BasicNack(ea.DeliveryTag, false, requeue: false);
                        };
                        channel.BasicConsume(queueName, autoAck: false, consumer);
                    }
                }
            }
    复制代码

    消费者加上channel.BasickNack()模拟消息处理不了,不ack确认。

    执行结果:

     RabbitMQ管理界面:

    看到消息队列为queue_a,特性有DLX(死信交换机),DLK(死信路由)。因为消费端不nack,触发了死信,被转发到了死信队列dlx.queue。

    二、延时队列

    延时队列其实也是配合死信队列一起用,其实就是上面死信队列的第二中情况。给队列添加消息过时时间(TTL),变成延时队列。

     简单的描述就是:P(生产者)发送消息到Q1(延时队列),Q1的消息有过期时间,比如10s,那10s后消息过期就会触发死信,从而把消息转发到Q2(死信队列)。

    解决问题场景:像商城下单,未支付时取消订单场景。下单时写一条记录入Q1,延时30分钟后转到Q2,消费Q2,检查订单,支付则不做操作,没支付则取消订单,恢复库存。

    生产者代码:

    复制代码
     public static void SendMessage()
            {
                //死信交换机
                string dlxexChange = "dlx.exchange";
                //死信队列
                string dlxQueueName = "dlx.queue";
    
                //消息交换机
                string exchange = "direct-exchange";
                //消息队列
                string queueName = "delay_queue";
    
                using (var connection = RabbitMQHelper.GetConnection())
                {
                    using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
                    {
                        //创建死信交换机
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(dlxexChange, type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false);
                        //创建死信队列
                        channel.QueueDeclare(dlxQueueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false);
                        //死信队列绑定死信交换机
                        channel.QueueBind(dlxQueueName, dlxexChange, routingKey: dlxQueueName);
    
                        // 创建消息交换机
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange, type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false);
                        //创建消息队列,并指定死信队列,和设置这个队列的消息过期时间为10s
                        channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments:
                                            new Dictionary<string, object> {
                                                 { "x-dead-letter-exchange",dlxexChange}, //设置当前队列的DLX(死信交换机)
                                                 { "x-dead-letter-routing-key",dlxQueueName}, //设置DLX的路由key,DLX会根据该值去找到死信消息存放的队列
                                                 { "x-message-ttl",10000} //设置队列的消息过期时间
                                            });
                        //消息队列绑定消息交换机
                        channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchange, routingKey: queueName);
    
                        string message = "hello rabbitmq message";
                        var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                        properties.Persistent = true;
                        //发布消息
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: exchange,
                                             routingKey: queueName,
                                             basicProperties: properties,
                                             body: Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));
                        Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now},向队列:{queueName}发送消息:{message}");
                    }
                }
            }
    复制代码

    消费者代码:

    复制代码
     public static void Consumer()
            {
                //死信交换机
                string dlxexChange = "dlx.exchange";
                //死信队列
                string dlxQueueName = "dlx.queue";
                var connection = RabbitMQHelper.GetConnection();
                {
                    //创建信道
                    var channel = connection.CreateModel();
                    {
                        //创建死信交换机
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(dlxexChange, type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false);
                        //创建死信队列
                        channel.QueueDeclare(dlxQueueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false);
                        //死信队列绑定死信交换机
                        channel.QueueBind(dlxQueueName, dlxexChange, routingKey: dlxQueueName);
    
                        var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
                        channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: true);
                        consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                        {
                            //处理业务
                            var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body.ToArray());
                            Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now},队列{dlxQueueName}消费消息:{message}");
                            channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
                        };
                        channel.BasicConsume(dlxQueueName, autoAck: false, consumer);
                    }
                }
            }
    复制代码

    执行代码:

     向延时队列发送消息,监听死信队列,发送和收到消息时间刚好是设置的10s。

    RabbitMQ管理界面:

    三、延时消息设置不同过期时间

    上面的延时队列能解决消息过期时间都是相同的场景,能不能解决消息的过期时间是不一样的呢?

    例如场景:机器人客服,为了更像人为操作,收到消息后要随机3-10秒回复客户。

    1)队列不设置TTL(消息过期时间),把过期时间设置在消息上。

    生产者代码:

    复制代码
    public static void SendMessage()
            {
                //死信交换机
                string dlxexChange = "dlx.exchange";
                //死信队列
                string dlxQueueName = "dlx.queue";
    
                //消息交换机
                string exchange = "direct-exchange";
                //消息队列
                string queueName = "delay_queue";
    
                using (var connection = RabbitMQHelper.GetConnection())
                {
                    using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
                    {
                        //创建死信交换机
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(dlxexChange, type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false);
                        //创建死信队列
                        channel.QueueDeclare(dlxQueueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false);
                        //死信队列绑定死信交换机
                        channel.QueueBind(dlxQueueName, dlxexChange, routingKey: dlxQueueName);
    
                        // 创建消息交换机
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange, type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false);
                        //创建消息队列,并指定死信队列,和设置这个队列的消息过期时间为10s
                        channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments:
                                            new Dictionary<string, object> {
                                                 { "x-dead-letter-exchange",dlxexChange}, //设置当前队列的DLX(死信交换机)
                                                 { "x-dead-letter-routing-key",dlxQueueName}, //设置DLX的路由key,DLX会根据该值去找到死信消息存放的队列
                                                 //{ "x-message-ttl",10000} //设置队列的消息过期时间
                                            });
                        //消息队列绑定消息交换机
                        channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchange, routingKey: queueName);
    
                        string message = "hello rabbitmq message 10s后处理";
                        var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                        properties.Persistent = true;
                        properties.Expiration = "10000";//消息的有效期10s
    
                        //发布消息,延时10s
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: exchange,
                                             routingKey: queueName,
                                             basicProperties: properties,
                                             body: Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));
                        Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now},向队列:{queueName}发送消息:{message},延时:10s");
    
    
    
                        string message2 = "hello rabbitmq message 5s后处理";
                        var properties2 = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                        properties2.Persistent = true;
                        properties2.Expiration = "5000";//消息有效期5s
    
                        //发布消息,延时5s
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: exchange,
                                             routingKey: queueName,
                                             basicProperties: properties2,
                                             body: Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message2));
                        Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now},向队列:{queueName}发送消息:{message2},延时:5s");
    
    
                    }
                }
            }
    复制代码

    消费者代码还是上面延时队列的不变,先试下效果。

     生产者向队列中发送一条延时10s的消息再发一条延时5秒的消息,但消费者却先拿到延时10s的,再拿到延时5秒的,我想要的结果是先拿到延时5s的再拿到延时10s的,是什么原因呢。

    原因是:队列是先进先出的,而RabbitMQ只会对首位第一条消息做检测,第一条没过期,那么后面的消息就会阻塞住等待前面的过期。

    解决办法:增加一个消费者对延时队列消费,不ack,把第一条消息放到队列尾部。一直让消息在流动,这样就能检测到了。

    2)新增消费者代码:

    复制代码
    public static void DelayConsumer()
            {
                //延时队列
                string queueName = "delay_queue";
                var connection = RabbitMQHelper.GetConnection();
                {
                    //创建信道
                    var channel = connection.CreateModel();
                    {
                        var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
                        channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: true);
                        consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                        {
                            //处理业务
                            var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body.ToArray());
                            Thread.Sleep(20);//消息少的时候可以加个睡眠时间减少IO
                            channel.BasicNack(ea.DeliveryTag, false, requeue: true);
                        };
                        channel.BasicConsume(queueName, autoAck: false, consumer);
    
                    }
                }
            }
    复制代码

    执行效果:

    这会得到了想要的效果。

    RabbitMQ管理界面:

    四、延时消息用延时插件的方式实现

    相比上面第三的延时消息,这里的插件方式会显的更加简单,也推荐用这种

    因为这里只需要一个交换机和一个对队列,生产者向队列发送消息,会直接是延时才会到队列。

    安装插件:

    地址:https://www.rabbitmq.com/community-plugins.html

    找到和自己RabbitMQ一样的版本,下载下来上传到Linux,或F12查看这个文件的地址,直接Linux上下载(这里用这种)

     

    Linux下载插件:

    #下载插件
    wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-delayed-message-exchange/releases/download/3.9.0/rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.9.0.ez

    已经下载到Linux上

    #把文件复制到rabbitmq docker容器下的plugins文件夹
    docker cp rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.9.0.ez rabbitmq:/plugins
    #进入rabbitmq docker容器
    docker exec -it rabbitmq bash
    #开启插件:
    rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange

    做完上面这些在RabbitMQ管理界面可以看到多了一个延时消息的交换机。

     

     插件装好了,生产者代码:

    复制代码
      public static void SendMessage()
            {
                //延时消息交换机
                string delayExchange = "delay.exchange";
                //延时消息队列
                string delayQueueName = "delay_queue";
    
                using (var connection = RabbitMQHelper.GetConnection())
                {
                    using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
                    {
                        Dictionary<string, object> args = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                        args.Add("x-delayed-type", "direct"); //x-delayed-type必须加
    
                        //创建延时交换机,type类型为x-delayed-message
                        channel.ExchangeDeclare(delayExchange, type: "x-delayed-message", durable: true, autoDelete: false,arguments: args);
                        //创建延时消息队列
                        channel.QueueDeclare(delayQueueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false);
                        //交换机绑定队列
                        channel.QueueBind(delayQueueName, delayExchange, routingKey: delayQueueName);
    
    
    
    
                        string message = "hello rabbitmq message 10s后处理";
                        var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                        properties.Persistent = true;
                        //延时时间从header赋值
                        Dictionary<string, object> headers = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                        headers.Add("x-delay", 10000);
    
                        properties.Headers = headers;
                       
    
                        //发布消息,按时10s
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: delayExchange,
                                             routingKey: delayQueueName,
                                             basicProperties: properties,
                                             body: Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));
                        Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now},向队列:{delayQueueName}发送消息:{message},延时:10s");
    
                       
    
                        string message2 = "hello rabbitmq message 5s后处理";
                        var properties2 = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                        properties2.Persistent = true;
                        //延时时间从header赋值
                        Dictionary<string, object> headers2 = new Dictionary<string, object>();
                        headers2.Add("x-delay", 5000);
                        properties2.Headers = headers2;
    
                        //发布消息,延时5s
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: delayExchange,
                                             routingKey: delayQueueName,
                                             basicProperties: properties2,
                                             body: Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message2));
                        Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now},向队列:{delayQueueName}发送消息:{message2},延时:5s");
                    }
                }
            }
    复制代码

    消费者代码:

    复制代码
     public static void DelayMessageConsumer()
            {
                //延时队列
                string queueName = "delay_queue";
                var connection = RabbitMQHelper.GetConnection();
                {
                    //创建信道
                    var channel = connection.CreateModel();
                    {
                        var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
                        channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: true);
                        consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                        {
                            //处理业务
                            var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body.ToArray());
                            Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now},接收到消息:{message}");
                            channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
                        };
                        channel.BasicConsume(queueName, autoAck: false, consumer);
                    }
                }
            }
    复制代码

    执行代码:

     RabbitMQ管理界面,只有一个队列:

     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/15542878.html
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