第一个应用程序HelloWorld
iOS7 Beta已经发布了,迫不及待地下载了iOS 7及Xcode 5并体验了一下。先做一个简单的Hello World看看都有哪些变化吧。
1. 启动Xcode5-DP;
2. 从菜单选择File-New Project...,弹出如下窗口:
注意,在此多了一个SpriteKit Game的模板,暂时先不管它,还是选择熟悉的Single View Application,然后单击Next按钮;
3. 在接下来的对话框的Product Name输入框中输入:HelloWorld,如下图所示:
备注:相比较Xcode 4.6版本,新建项目选项中没有了Use Storyboards(使用故事板)、Use Automatic Reference Counting(使用自动引用计数)和Include Unit Tests(包含单元测试)三个选项。
4. 单击Next按钮,在接下来的对话框中选择保存项目的位置,建议勾选上Create git repository on My Mac选项,虽然本文不准备涉及有关git的内容,不过使用代码管理器开发是一个非常好的习惯~_~。选择好位置之后,单击Create按钮。
5. 接下来Xcode会自动为您创建并打开项目,不过映入眼帘的是白茫茫一片啊,呵呵。先看下菜单有什么变化,见下图:
回顾一下4.6的菜单,见下图:
不难发现多了三项,分别是:Find(查找)、Debug(调试)、Source Control(源代码控制)。具体细节朋友们可以自己探索一下,本文不再赘述了。
6. 单击下图中箭头位置的Open project and targets list(打开项目及目标列表)按钮;
7. 现在Xcode的界面有那么一丝熟悉的味道了,~_~,如下图所示:
标注1:可以选择开发者账号,如果您有多个开发者账号,在这里选择一个就可以了;
标注2:设置设备方向;
标注3:应用程序启动时是否隐藏状态栏;
备注:除标注1是新增选项之外,其他两项是在Xcode4.6版本中都已经包含的,这几个选项也是在新建iOS项目时经常会修改的。
8. 向下滚动项目属性窗口,可以看到图标和应用程序图像设置属性,如下图所示:
备注:Images.xcassets是Xcode 5的一个新特性,其引入的一个主要原因是为了方便应用程序同时支持iOS 6和iOS 7,具体内容本文暂不介绍,有兴趣的朋友可以参阅苹果官方的iOS 7 UI Transition Guide。
9. 单击项目属性的Capabilities选项卡,如下图所示:
其中包含了iCloud、Game Center、Passbook、IAP、Maps等功能的开关,并附有引入这些功能的简单提示~_~
OK,有关Xcode 5界面的变化,先简单先熟悉到这,下面完成一个简单的HelloWorld :]
9. 开始之前,先运行一下看看效果,如下图所示:
太平了,都看不见了,呵呵。
10. 单击Main.storyboard,添加一个Text Field,一个Label和一个Button,调整并设置各控件大小、位置以及默认文字,如下图所示:
11. 单击工具栏右侧中间的按钮,打开助理编辑器,并切换到ViewController.h文件,如下图所示:
12. 用Control+拖拽的方式,将Text Field和Label的IBOutlet拖拽到头文件中,并将Button的Action拖拽到头文件中,完成后的头文件如下所示:
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface ViewController : UIViewController @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *helloText; @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *helloLabel; - (IBAction)clickHelloButton:(id)sender; @end
13. 单击上图中标注2的位置,切换到ViewController.m文件,使用如下代码替换clickHelloButton:方法:
- (IBAction)clickHelloButton:(id)sender { // 清空空白字符 NSString *str = [_helloText.text stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet: [NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]]; if (str.length > 0) { [_helloText setText:str]; [_helloLabel setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Hello %@!", str]]; } }
14. 运行应用程序,如下图所示:
搞定,收工!
下期预告:iOS7初体验之单元测试。
IOS定位核心与地图
Core Location以及Map框架包通常能给我们的应用程序添加定位和地图相关的服务。Core Location框架包通常是使用硬件设备来进行定位服务的,Map框架包通常能够使你的应用程序做一些地图展示与交互的相关功能。地图的定位服务一般需要依赖设备的硬件组成部分。如果有定位的硬件设备,那么肯定是可以利用地图框架包来进行地图的一些相关的操作。
为了能够在项目中使用到位置服务以及地图展示的相关功能,你必须要导入Core Location 和Map这两个框架包。如果你不知道怎么做,那么请参照如下步骤。
1.点击你的项目工程图标文件。
2.然后选择target选项,如图1所示。
3.然后选择Build Phase模块栏。
4.然后点开Link Binary With Libraries栏目,在点击+号按钮。
图1 添加相关的框架包
5.添加MapKit.framework和CoreLocation.framework这两个库
6.在使用地图和定位的地方,导入:
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
MKMapView是UIView的子类,所以可以像一个普通的View一样添加到ViewController的View当中。
以下是相关的代码
ViewController.h
-
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
-
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
-
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
-
#import "MyAnnotation.h"
-
-
@interface ViewController : UIViewController <MKMapViewDelegate,CLLocationManagerDelegate>
-
-
// MapView
-
@property (nonatomic,strong) MKMapView *myMapView;// 地图控件
-
// LocationManager
-
@property (nonatomic,strong) CLLocationManager *myLocationManager;// 位置管理器
-
@property (nonatomic,strong) CLGeocoder *myGeoCoder ;// 地理位置和真实地址转换
-
@end
ViewController.m
-
#import "ViewController.h"
- #import "MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h"
-
- @interface ViewController ()
-
- @end
-
- @implementation ViewController
-
- @synthesize myMapView;
-
@synthesize myLocationManager;
- @synthesize myGeoCoder;
-
- (void)viewDidLoad
- {
-
[super viewDidLoad];
-
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
-
// 设置根View的背景颜色
- self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0x33 / 255.0f green:0x66 / 255.0f blue:0x99 / 255.0f alpha:0xFF / 255.0f];
-
// 初始化MapView并且设置MapView显示的边界
- self.myMapView = [[MKMapView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
-
// self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeSatellite;
- // self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeHybrid;
-
self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeStandard;
- self.myMapView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;
-
self.myMapView.delegate = self;
-
CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.034122, 116.289574);
- MyAnnotation *annotation = [[MyAnnotation alloc]initWithCoordinate:coordinate title:@"我的位置" subTitle:@"这里就是寡人的位置,嘿嘿!"];
-
annotation.pinColor = MKPinAnnotationColorPurple;
-
[self.myMapView addAnnotation:annotation];
-
- [self.myMapView setShowsUserLocation:YES];
-
[self.myMapView setCenterCoordinate:coordinate zoomLevel:15 animated:YES];
-
[self.view addSubview:myMapView];
-
- if([CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]){
-
self.myLocationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];
- self.myLocationManager.delegate = self;
-
// // 提示用户是否允许当前应用使用地理位置,已过时,在Info.plist中使用NSLocationUsageDescription键值替换
- // self.myLocationManager.purpose = @"提示用户是否允许当前应用使用位置,已过时";
-
[self.myLocationManager startUpdatingLocation];
- }else{
-
NSLog(@">>>>>>>>>> 位置服务不可用 <<<<<<<<<<<<");
- UIAlertView *alertView = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"您的位置服务当前不可用,请打开位置服务后重试" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
-
[alertView show];
- }
-
-
CLLocation *location = [[CLLocation alloc]initWithLatitude:40.034122 longitude:116.289574];
-
self.myGeoCoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];
- [self.myGeoCoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks,NSError *error){
-
if(error == nil && [placemarks count] > 0){
- CLPlacemark *pm = [placemarks objectAtIndex:0];
-
NSLog(@"国家:%@" ,pm.country);
- NSLog(@"邮编:%@",pm.postalCode);
-
NSLog(@"Locality:%@",pm.locality);
- }else if(error == nil && [placemarks count] == 0){
-
NSLog(@"没有地址返回");
- }else if(error != nil){
-
NSLog(@"出错了:%@",error);
- }
-
}];
-
[self.myGeoCoder geocodeAddressString:@"中国北京市海淀区花园东路10号高德大厦" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks,NSError *error){
- if(nil == error && [placemarks count] > 0){
-
NSLog(@"placemarks count:%i",[placemarks count]);
- CLPlacemark *pm = [placemarks objectAtIndex:0];
-
NSLog(@"longitude=%f",pm.location.coordinate.longitude);
- NSLog(@"latitude=%f",pm.location.coordinate.latitude);
-
}else if([placemarks count] == 0 && error == nil){
- NSLog(@"找不到给定地址的经纬度");
-
}else if(nil != nil){
- NSLog(@"发生了错误:%@",error);
-
}
- }];
-
-
-
- }
-
- - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
-
{
- [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
-
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
-
}
- -(void)viewDidUnload
-
{
- [super viewDidUnload];
-
self.myMapView = nil;
- [self.myLocationManager stopUpdatingLocation];
-
self.myLocationManager = nil;
- }
-
-(BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)toInterfaceOrientation
- {
-
return YES;
- }
-
-
/*******************************************************************************************/
- /*******************************************************************************************/
-
/*************************** MapView的Delegate的方法,全部都是Option的 *************************/
- /*******************************************************************************************/
-
/*******************************************************************************************/
- /*******************************************************************************************/
-
- - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionWillChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
-
NSLog(@"mapView:regionWillChangeAnimated:方法被调用");
- }
-
// 用户的地理位置发生改变的时候调用
- - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionDidChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
-
NSLog(@"mapView:regionDidChangeAnimated:方法被调用");
- }
-
// 当地图界面将要加载的时候将会调用这个方法
- - (void)mapViewWillStartLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView{
-
NSLog(@"mapViewWillStartLoadingMap:方法被调用");
- }
-
// 当地图界面加载完成的时候将要调用这个方法
- - (void)mapViewDidFinishLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView{
-
NSLog(@"mapViewDidFinishLoadingMap:方法被调用");
- }
-
// 当地图界面加载失败的时候调用这个方法
- - (void)mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView withError:(NSError *)error{
-
NSLog(@"mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:withError:方法被调用,error is:%@" , [error description]);
- }
-
// 添加到地图的Annotation
- // mapView:viewForAnnotation: provides the view for each annotation.
-
// This method may be called for all or some of the added annotations.
- // For MapKit provided annotations (eg. MKUserLocation) return nil to use the MapKit provided annotation view.
-
- (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation
- {
-
MKAnnotationView *view = nil;
- if([annotation isKindOfClass:[MyAnnotation class]] == NO){
-
return view;
- }
-
if([mapView isEqual:self.myMapView] == NO){
- return view;
-
}
-
MyAnnotation *senderAnnotation = (MyAnnotation*)annotation;
- NSString *pinReusableIdentifier = [MyAnnotation reusableIdentifierForPinColor:senderAnnotation.pinColor];
-
MKPinAnnotationView *annotationView = (MKPinAnnotationView*)[mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:pinReusableIdentifier];
- if(annotationView == nil){
-
annotationView = [[MKPinAnnotationView alloc]initWithAnnotation:senderAnnotation reuseIdentifier:pinReusableIdentifier];
- [annotationView setCanShowCallout:YES];
-
}
- annotationView.pinColor = senderAnnotation.pinColor;
-
-
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
- NSString *documentPath = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
-
-
NSString *cachePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingString:@"/images"];
- NSString *cacheFile = [cachePath stringByAppendingString:@"icon.image"];
-
- if([[NSFileManager defaultManager]fileExistsAtPath:cacheFile]){
-
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:cacheFile];
- if(image != nil){
-
annotationView.image = image;
- NSLog(@"通过本地设置图片");
-
}else{
- [self setAnnotionImageByUrl:annotationView cacheFile:cacheFile];
-
}
- }else{
-
[self setAnnotionImageByUrl:annotationView cacheFile:cacheFile];
- }
-
view = annotationView;
-
return view;
- }
-
- -(void) setAnnotionImageByUrl:(MKPinAnnotationView *)annotationView cacheFile:(NSString *) cacheFile{
-
NSLog(@"通过网络设置文件");
- dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
-
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
-
-
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com/img/duanwulogo_94a0060bda0885d1c2320ca0d7d7c342.gif"];
- NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
-
- if(data != nil){
-
- [data writeToFile:cacheFile atomically:YES];
-
- UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
-
dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
- dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
-
if(image != nil){
- annotationView.image = image;
-
}
- });
-
}
- });
-
- }
-
- /**
-
- // mapView:didAddAnnotationViews: is called after the annotation views have been added and positioned in the map.
-
// The delegate can implement this method to animate the adding of the annotations views.
- // Use the current positions of the annotation views as the destinations of the animation.
-
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didAddAnnotationViews:(NSArray *)views;
-
// mapView:annotationView:calloutAccessoryControlTapped: is called when the user taps on left & right callout accessory UIControls.
- - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control;
-
- - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
-
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didDeselectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
-
- (void)mapViewWillStartLocatingUser:(MKMapView *)mapView NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- - (void)mapViewDidStopLocatingUser:(MKMapView *)mapView NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
-
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
- - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didFailToLocateUserWithError:(NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
-
- - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view didChangeDragState:(MKAnnotationViewDragState)newState
-
fromOldState:(MKAnnotationViewDragState)oldState NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
-
- (MKOverlayView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForOverlay:(id <MKOverlay>)overlay NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
-
// Called after the provided overlay views have been added and positioned in the map.
- - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didAddOverlayViews:(NSArray *)overlayViews NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
-
- - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didChangeUserTrackingMode:(MKUserTrackingMode)mode animated:(BOOL)animated NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 5_0);
-
*/
-
-
- /*******************************************************************************************/
-
/*******************************************************************************************/
- /*************************** 位置相关 *************************/
-
/*******************************************************************************************/
- /*******************************************************************************************/
-
/*******************************************************************************************/
-
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateToLocation:(CLLocation *)newLocation fromLocation:(CLLocation *)oldLocation
- {
-
NSLog(@"Latitude=%f",newLocation.coordinate.latitude);
- NSLog(@"Longitude=%f",newLocation.coordinate.longitude);
-
}
- -(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
-
{
-
NSLog(@"获得位置失败");
- }
-
- @end
MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h
-
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
-
@interface MKMapView (ZoomLevel)
- - (void)setCenterCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
-
zoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
- animated:(BOOL)animated;
-
@end
MKMapView+ZoomLevel.m
-
#import "MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h"
-
@implementation MKMapView (ZoomLevel)
- #define MERCATOR_OFFSET 268435456
-
#define MERCATOR_RADIUS 85445659.44705395
-
#pragma mark -
- #pragma mark Map conversion methods
-
- - (double)longitudeToPixelSpaceX:(double)longitude
-
{
- return round(MERCATOR_OFFSET + MERCATOR_RADIUS * longitude * M_PI / 180.0);
-
}
-
- (double)latitudeToPixelSpaceY:(double)latitude
- {
-
return round(MERCATOR_OFFSET - MERCATOR_RADIUS * logf((1 + sinf(latitude * M_PI / 180.0)) / (1 - sinf(latitude * M_PI / 180.0))) / 2.0);
- }
-
- - (double)pixelSpaceXToLongitude:(double)pixelX
-
{
- return ((round(pixelX) - MERCATOR_OFFSET) / MERCATOR_RADIUS) * 180.0 / M_PI;
-
}
-
- (double)pixelSpaceYToLatitude:(double)pixelY
- {
-
return (M_PI / 2.0 - 2.0 * atan(exp((round(pixelY) - MERCATOR_OFFSET) / MERCATOR_RADIUS))) * 180.0 / M_PI;
- }
-
- #pragma mark -
-
#pragma mark Helper methods
-
- (MKCoordinateSpan)coordinateSpanWithMapView:(MKMapView *)mapView
- centerCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
-
andZoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
- {
-
// convert center coordiate to pixel space
- double centerPixelX = [self longitudeToPixelSpaceX:centerCoordinate.longitude];
-
double centerPixelY = [self latitudeToPixelSpaceY:centerCoordinate.latitude];
-
// determine the scale value from the zoom level
- NSInteger zoomExponent = 20 - zoomLevel;
-
double zoomScale = pow(2, zoomExponent);
-
// scale the map's size in pixel space
- CGSize mapSizeInPixels = mapView.bounds.size;
-
double scaledMapWidth = mapSizeInPixels.width * zoomScale;
- double scaledMapHeight = mapSizeInPixels.height * zoomScale;
-
-
// figure out the position of the top-left pixel
-
double topLeftPixelX = centerPixelX - (scaledMapWidth / 2);
- double topLeftPixelY = centerPixelY - (scaledMapHeight / 2);
-
-
// find delta between left and right longitudes
-
CLLocationDegrees minLng = [self pixelSpaceXToLongitude:topLeftPixelX];
- CLLocationDegrees maxLng = [self pixelSpaceXToLongitude:topLeftPixelX + scaledMapWidth];
-
CLLocationDegrees longitudeDelta = maxLng - minLng;
-
// find delta between top and bottom latitudes
- CLLocationDegrees minLat = [self pixelSpaceYToLatitude:topLeftPixelY];
-
CLLocationDegrees maxLat = [self pixelSpaceYToLatitude:topLeftPixelY + scaledMapHeight];
- CLLocationDegrees latitudeDelta = -1 * (maxLat - minLat);
-
-
// create and return the lat/lng span
-
MKCoordinateSpan span = MKCoordinateSpanMake(latitudeDelta, longitudeDelta);
- return span;
-
}
-
#pragma mark -
- #pragma mark Public methods
-
- - (void)setCenterCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
-
zoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
- animated:(BOOL)animated
-
{
-
// clamp large numbers to 28
-
zoomLevel = MIN(zoomLevel, 28);
-
// use the zoom level to compute the region
- MKCoordinateSpan span = [self coordinateSpanWithMapView:self centerCoordinate:centerCoordinate andZoomLevel:zoomLevel];
-
MKCoordinateRegion region = MKCoordinateRegionMake(centerCoordinate, span);
-
// set the region like normal
- [self setRegion:region animated:animated];
-
}
-
- @end
MyAnnotation.h
-
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- #import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
-
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
-
#define REUSABLE_PIN_RED @"Red"
- #define REUSABLE_PIN_GREEN @"Green"
-
#define REUSABLE_PIN_PURPLE @"Purple"
-
@interface MyAnnotation : NSObject <MKAnnotation>
-
@property (nonatomic,readonly) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
- @property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *title;
-
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *subtitle;
-
@property (nonatomic,unsafe_unretained) MKPinAnnotationColor pinColor;
-
-(id) initWithCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D) coordinate
- title:(NSString*) paramTitle
-
subTitle:(NSString*) paramSubTitle;
- // 得到颜色
-
+(NSString *) reusableIdentifierForPinColor:(MKPinAnnotationColor) paramColor;
-
@end
MyAnnotation.m
-
#import "MyAnnotation.h"
-
@implementation MyAnnotation
-
@synthesize coordinate,title,subtitle,pinColor;
-
-(id) initWithCoordinate
- :(CLLocationCoordinate2D) paramCoordinate title:(NSString *)paramTitle subTitle:(NSString *)paramSubTitle
-
{
- self = [super init];
-
if(self != nil){
- coordinate = paramCoordinate;
-
title = paramTitle;
- subtitle = paramSubTitle;
-
pinColor = MKPinAnnotationColorGreen;
- }
-
- return self;
-
}
-
+(NSString *)reusableIdentifierForPinColor:(MKPinAnnotationColor)paramColor
- {
-
NSString *result = nil;
- switch (paramColor) {
-
case MKPinAnnotationColorRed:
- result = REUSABLE_PIN_RED;
-
break;
- case MKPinAnnotationColorGreen:
-
result = REUSABLE_PIN_GREEN;
- break;
-
case MKPinAnnotationColorPurple:
- result = REUSABLE_PIN_PURPLE;
-
}
- return result;
-
}
-
@end
注意,在使用用户的位置的时候,系统会弹出是否允许应用使用位置的对话框,这个对话框中的提示文字,可以自己进行定义
在系统版本是6.0(包括6.0)以上的时候,在Info.plist文件中进行定义
<key>NSLocationUsageDescription</key>
<string>是否可以使用位置?如果需要使用本应用,是必须的!</string>
在6.0以下,这样进行定义
- // // 提示用户是否允许当前应用使用地理位置,已过时,在Info.plist中使用NSLocationUsageDescription键值替换
- // self.myLocationManager.purpose = @"提示用户是否允许当前应用使用位置,已过时";