使用PushSharp给iOS应用推送消息
2013-12-14 11:21 by 囧月, 372 阅读, 4 评论, 收藏, 编辑
PushSharp是一个C#编写的服务端类库,用于推送消息到各种客户端,支持iOS(iPhone/iPad)、Android、Windows Phone、Windows 8、Amazo、Blackberry等设备。
官方网站:https://github.com/Redth/PushSharp
当前最新稳定版本为2.0.4,支持通过NuGet获取(https://www.nuget.org/packages/PushSharp/)
主要特点
提供了易于使用的API,支持以下平台的消息推送:
- Apple (APNS – iPhone, iPad, OSX 10.8+):APNS即Apple Push Notification Service,详见:https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/NetworkingInternet/Conceptual/RemoteNotificationsPG/Chapters/ApplePushService.html
- Android (GCM/C2DM - 手机及平板):GCM即Google Cloud Message,详见:http://developer.android.com/google/gcm/index.html
- Chrome (GCM)
- Amazon (ADM):ADM即Amazon Device Messaging,详见:https://developer.amazon.com/sdk/adm/setup.html
- Windows Phone 7/7.5/8(包括FlipTile,CycleTile及IconicTile模板):详见:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsphone/develop/ff402558(v=vs.105).aspx
- Windows 8
- Blackberry (BIS and BES via PAP): 详见:http://docs.blackberry.com/en/developers/deliverables/51382/
- Firefox OS (即将支持)
100%的托管代码完全兼容Mono平台。
安装
PushSharp主要包含以下程序集:
- PushSharp.Core:(必选)核心组件
- PushSharp.Apple:APNS,用于iOS及OSX
- PushSharp.Android:C2DM及GCM,用于Android设备
- PushSharp.Windows:用于Windows 8
- PushSharp.WindowsPhone:用于WP设备
- PushSharp.Amazon.Adm:用于Amazon的设备
- PushSharp.Blackberry:用于黑莓设备
- PushSharp.Google.Chrome:用于Chrome
其中,PushSharp.Core为必须的组件,其他的可以根据自己需要来选择对应平台。
平常使用只需要用NuGet来获取程序集即可:
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Install-Package PushSharp |
这样会把主流平台的程序集(Apple/Android/Windows/WindowsPhone)都下载下来,可以根据自己需要删除用不到的平台组件。
假如需要使用Blackberry等NuGet包里没有的组件,则需要到官方网站(https://github.com/Redth/PushSharp)获取源码自行编译。
对于Apple平台,只需要PushSharp.Core和PushSharp.Apple组件即可。
证书配置
官方WIKI提供了详细的证书配置步骤:
- Apple平台的证书配置:https://github.com/Redth/PushSharp/wiki/How-to-Configure-&-Send-Apple-Push-Notifications-using-PushSharp
- Android平台的证书配置(使用GCM情况下):https://github.com/Redth/PushSharp/wiki/How-to-Configure-&-Send-GCM-Google-Cloud-Messaging-Push-Notifications-using-PushSharp
Apple平台证书创建流程:
- 创建AppID
- 为AppID配置用于APP签名的证书:分别有开发环境(Development)和生产环境(Production)的证书
- 编辑AppID启用消息推送
- 为AppID创建用于消息推送(APNS)的证书(包括Development和Production)
- 下载以上证书并安装到Key Chain(钥匙串)
- 导出用于消息推送(APNS)的证书为.p12格式,并为它设置密码:用于在服务端推送消息
对于Apple平台需要特别说明:
- Provisioning Protal现在已经变成了Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles,可以从Member Center点进去或者iOS Developer Center找到
- 对于已经发布的APP要启用消息推送功能,需要在Identifiers – App IDs找到对应的ID创建好APNS证书之后,再重新生成用于APP签名的证书,否则用于注册消息推送的代码(RegisterForRemoteNotificationTypes)不会正常工作,即返回的deviceToken为null
- 在使用Development证书调试应用程序时服务端需要使用Development APNS证书来推送消息,使用Production证书发布到AppStore后推送消息需要使用Production APNS证书来推送消息
客户端启用消息推送
启用消息推送都是在AppDelegate里注册来完成的。
对于使用objc语言编写的客户端:
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- ( BOOL )application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { if (application.enabledRemoteNotificationTypes == UIRemoteNotificationTypeNone) { [application registerForRemoteNotificationTypes: UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert | UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound]; } application.applicationIconBadgeNumber = -1; // Override point for customization after application launch. return YES; } - ( void )application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken { NSString *pushToken = [[[[deviceToken description] stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@ "<" withString:@ "" ] stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@ ">" withString:@ "" ] stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString: @ " " withString: @ "" ]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:pushToken forKey:@ "pushtoken" ]; // 保存起来 } |
对于使用MonoTouch的客户端:
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public override bool FinishedLaunching(UIApplication app, NSDictionary options) { app.RegisterForRemoteNotificationTypes( UIRemoteNotificationType.Alert | UIRemoteNotificationType.Badge | UIRemoteNotificationType.Sound); app.ApplicationIconBadgeNumber = -1; // ... return true ; } public override void RegisteredForRemoteNotifications(UIApplication application, NSData deviceToken) { string tokenStr = token.Description; string pushToken = tokenStr.Replace( "<" , string .Empty).Replace( ">" , string .Empty).Replace( " " , string .Empty); NSUserDefaults.StandardUserDefaults.SetString(pushToken, "pushtoken" ); } public override void FailedToRegisterForRemoteNotifications(UIApplication application, NSError error) { } public override void DidReceiveRemoteNotification(UIApplication application, NSDictionary userInfo, Action<UIBackgroundFetchResult> completionHandler) { } |
在接收到deviceToken的时候先存储在NSUserDefaults中,在用户登录的时候再取出来一起发送到服务端:
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NSString *pushToken = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] stringForKey: @"pushtoken" ]; //objc string pushToken = NSUserDefaults.StandardUserDefaults.StringForKey( "pushtoken" ); //MonoTouch |
服务端在用户登录成功之后,把接收到用户的用户名与pushToken关联起来,在推送消息的时候就可以针对指定用户来推送,具体的过程略。
而对于不需要用户登录的app,可以在接收到deviceToken的时候直接发送到服务端。
更多的客户端配置参考PushSharp源码的Client.Samples及PushSharp.Client目录。
服务端推送消息
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var pusher = new PushBroker(); pusher.RegisterAppleService( new ApplePushChannelSettings(File.ReadAllBytes( "yourAppId.p12" ), "证书的密码" )); pusher.QueueNotification( new AppleNotification() .ForDeviceToken(pushToken) // 从数据库等地方获取设备的pushToken .WithAlert( "测试iOS消息推送 - 囧月" ) .WithBadge(1) .WithSound( "default" ) ); |
在RegisterAppleService方法中可以注册多个APNS证书,PushSharp可以自动检测是Development/Production,这时候需要为证书设置标识:
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pusher.RegisterAppleService( new ApplePushChannelSettings(File.ReadAllBytes( "yourAppId.p12" ), "证书的密码" ), "证书标识如youAppId_development" ); pusher.RegisterAppleService( new ApplePushChannelSettings(File.ReadAllBytes( "yourAppId.p12" ), "证书的密码" ), "证书标识如youAppId_production" ); |
此外,可以注册各种事件来获得各种状态:
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pusher.OnDeviceSubscriptionChanged += pusher_OnDeviceSubscriptionChanged; pusher.OnDeviceSubscriptionExpired += pusher_OnDeviceSubscriptionExpired; pusher.OnNotificationSent += pusher_OnNotificationSent; pusher.OnNotificationFailed += pusher_OnNotificationFailed; pusher.OnNotificationRequeue += pusher_OnNotificationRequeue; pusher.OnChannelCreated += pusher_OnChannelCreated; pusher.OnChannelDestroyed += pusher_OnChannelDestroyed; pusher.OnChannelException += pusher_OnChannelException; pusher.OnServiceException += pusher_OnServiceException; static void pusher_OnNotificationFailed( object sender, INotification notification, Exception error) { var n = (AppleNotification)notification; //error.Message ...获取推送出错的信息 } static void pusher_OnNotificationSent( object sender, INotification notification) { //消息推送成功后 var n = (AppleNotification)notification; //n.Payload.Alert.Body 获取推送的消息内容... } static void pusher_OnDeviceSubscriptionExpired( object sender, string expiredSubscriptionId, DateTime expirationDateUtc, INotification notification) { // 从数据库删除过期的expiredSubscriptionId } static void pusher_OnDeviceSubscriptionChanged( object sender, string oldSubscriptionId, string newSubscriptionId, INotification notification) { // 把数据库中的oldSubscriptionId更新为newSubscriptionId } |
更多请参考源码的PushSharp.Sample目录。
参考
官方网站:https://github.com/Redth/PushSharp 可以获取最新源码及各种例子
WIKI:https://github.com/Redth/PushSharp/wiki 详细说明了各平台证书配置的方法