简介
ELK是一个日志收集分析的平台，它能收集海量的日志，并将其根据字段切割。一来方便供开发查看日志，定位问题；二来可以根据日志进行统计分析，通过其强大的呈现能力，挖掘数据的潜在价值，分析重要指标的趋势和分布等，能够规避灾难和指导决策等。ELK是Elasticsearch公司出品的一组套件，官方站点：https://www.elastic.co，本文中ELK需要用的组件有Elasticsearch、Logstash、Kibana、Filebeat（Beats组合中的一个），主要介绍该集群的建设部署以及一些注意事项，希望对需要的小伙伴有所帮助，对于文中错误，欢迎批评指正。
环境说明
下面是本文的逻辑架构图，其中filebeat为采集日志的客户端，其安装在产生日志的机器上，收集的日志插入到redis消息队列中，logstash从redis取出数据并做相应的处理，其中包括字段拆分定义，并将数据输出到ES集群中，ES集群将数据处理、分片、索引等，最终kibana作为页面展示，将从ES集群取出数据做分析、统计、处理、展示，当然，其中有用到x-pack插件做数据分析、统计和展现（就是一些漂亮的实时图表）。
- 本文采用软件版本均为6.3.
Filebeat 部署
yum -y install epel-release
mkdir /data/soft -pv
cd /data/soft/
yum install wget vim -y
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
yum install filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm -y
web上采集配置文件
cat > /etc/filebeat/filebeat.conf <<"EOF"
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
enabled: true
paths:
- /var/log/nginx/crmwww-dev-access.log
- /var/log/nginx/manager2018crm-dev-access.log
- /var/log/nginx/hybrid-dev-access.log
- /var/log/nginx/cfdwww-dev-access.log
- /var/log/nginx/manager2018cfd-dev-access.log
- /var/log/nginx/market2018cfd-dev-access.log
- /var/log/nginx/api2018cfd-dev-access.log
fields:
project: cfds
env: dev
role: web
logtype: access
ip: 192.168.0.152
fields_under_root: true
#采集信息追加字段，便于分组，fields_under_root指定字段的访问模式为直接访问，不必使用fields.project
- type: log
enabled: true
paths:
- /var/log/nginx/manager2018crm-dev-error.log
- /var/log/nginx/manager2018cfd-dev-error.log
- /var/log/nginx/market2018cfd-dev-error.log
- /var/log/nginx/cfdwww-dev-error.log
- /var/log/nginx/hybrid-dev-error.log
- /var/log/nginx/crmwww-dev-error.log
- /var/log/nginx/api2018cfd-dev-error.log
fields:
project: cfds
env: dev
role: web
logtype: error
ip: 192.168.0.152
fields_under_root: true
#将日志输出到redis
output.redis:
hosts: ["redis.glinux.top"]
key: "cfds"
db: 0
password: "123456"
timeout: 15
#可通过以下配置测试输出结果，输入内容在/tmp/filebeat/filebeat
#output.file:
## path: "/tmp/filebeat"
## filename: filebeat
EOFapp上采集配置文件
cat > /etc/filebeat/filebeat.conf <<"EOF"
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
enabled: true
paths:
- /data/logs/crm/error/crm.log
fields:
project: cfds
env: dev
role: crm
logtype: error
ip: 192.168.0.155
fields_under_root: true
#处理多行数据，如果不以时间开头的行归为上一行的数据，接到上一行数据后面
multiline.pattern: '^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}'
multiline.negate: true
multiline.match: after
multiline.timeout: 10s
- type: log
enabled: true
paths:
- /data/logs/crm/info/crm.log
fields:
project: cfds
env: dev
role: crm
logtype: info
ip: 192.168.0.155
fields_under_root: true
multiline.pattern: '^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}'
multiline.negate: true
multiline.match: after
multiline.timeout: 10s
output.redis:
hosts: ["redis.glinux.top"]
key: "cfds"
db: 0
password: "123456"
timeout: 15
#可通过以下配置测试输出结果，输入内容在/tmp/filebeat/filebeat
#output.file:
## path: "/tmp/filebeat"
## filename: filebeat
EOFfilebeat test config /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml #测试配置文件
systemctl enable filebeat
systemctl restart filebeat
Redis 部署
yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install redis
配置文件
仅需要添加密码认证即可
cat >> /etc/redis.conf << "EOF"
requirepass "123456"
systemctl enable redis
systemctl start redis
Logstash 部署
yum -y install epel-release
mkdir /data/soft -pv
cd /data/soft/
yum install wget vim -y
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.3.1.rpm
yum install logstash-6.3.1.rpm -y
rpm -ql logstash #查看安装路径
cat > /etc/profile.d/logstash.sh <<"EOF"
export PATH=/usr/share/logstash/bin/:$PATH
EOF. /etc/profile.d/logstash.sh #读取环境变量
yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk
配置文件
cat > /etc/logstash/logstashserver.conf <<"EOF"
input {
redis {
host => ["127.0.0.1"]
key => "ftms"
port => 6379
password => "123456"
data_type => ["list"]
}
redis {
host => ["127.0.0.1"]
key => "cfds"
port => 6379
password => "123456"
data_type => ["list"]
}
}
filter {
if [role] == "web" and [logtype] == "access" {
grok {
patterns_dir => ["/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns"]
match => ["message" , "%{NGINXACCESS}"]
}
}
if [role] == "web" and [logtype] == "error" {
grok {
patterns_dir => ["/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns"]
match => ["message" , "%{NGINXERROR}"]
}
}
else {
grok {
patterns_dir => ["/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns"]
match => ["message" , "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:logdatetime} %{LOGLEVEL:level} [%{DATA:thread}] %{JAVACLASS:class} [%{JAVAFILE:file}(?::%{NUMBER:line})?] - %{GREEDYDATA:message}"]
}
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://192.168.30.36:9200","http://192.168.30.37:9200","192.168.30.38:9200"]
index => "%{project}-%{env}-%{role}-%{logtype}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
EOFlogstash -f /etc/logstash/logstashserver.conf -t #测试配置文件是否有误
systemctl enable logstash
systemctl restart logstash
Elasticsearch 集群部署
yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y
yum -y install epel-release
mkdir /data/soft -pv
cd /data/soft/
yum install wget vim -y
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.3.1.rpm
yum install elasticsearch-6.3.1.rpm -y
rpm -ql elasticsearch
cat > /etc/profile.d/elasticsearch.sh <<"EOF"
export PATH=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/:$PATH
EOF. /etc/profile.d/elasticsearch.sh
配置文件
node1
cat > /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml <<"EOF"
cluster.name: logs
node.name: node-36-2
#node.master: false
#node.data: true
path.data: /data/server/elasticsearch
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
transport.tcp.port: 9300
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.30.36","192.168.30.37","192.168.30.38"]
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2node2
cat > /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml <<"EOF"
cluster.name: logs
node.name: node-37-1
#node.master: false
#node.data: true
path.data: /data/server/elasticsearch
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
transport.tcp.port: 9300
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.30.36","192.168.30.37","192.168.30.38"]
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2node3
cat > /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml <<"EOF"
cluster.name: logs
node.name: node-38-3
#node.master: false
#node.data: true
path.data: /data/server/elasticsearch
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
transport.tcp.port: 9300
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.30.36","192.168.30.37","192.168.30.38"]
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2systemctl enable elasticsearch
systemctl start elasticsearch
systemctl status elasticsearch
查看集群状态
curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v'
Kibana 部署
yum -y install epel-release
mkdir -pv /data/soft
cd /data/soft/
yum install wget vim -y
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
yum install kibana-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm -y
cat > /etc/kibana/kibana.yml <<"EOF"
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
elasticsearch.url: "http://escluster.glinux.top:9200"
EOFsystemctl enable kibana.service
systemctl start kibana.service
端口转发，普通程序不能监听在1024以下的端口，解决方法
cat > /etc/sysctl.conf <<"EOF"
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 #重新加载 sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.confiptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 5601
注意事项
grok模式匹配日志
logstash模式匹配拆分日志可谓关键的一环其中有些注意要点
- logstash 模式匹配的pattern放在/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns目录下
- 测试模式匹配样例，最终匹配到的字段会在kibana中显示，作为可供筛选的关键字
kibana索引添加
索引的制定能加快查询速度和项目分类，索引分为es的索引和kibana的索引。
- 针对es的索引，我的处理方式是在filebeat收集日志的时候给每条日志添加fileds字段，如下：
- project: cfds
- env: dev
- logtype: access
- ip: 192.168.0.152
logstash 在拿到日志后将%{project}-%{env}-%{role}-%{logtype}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}作为索引将日志分类送给es集群。
- kibana的索引，就是将es的索引做综合归类。
x-pack图表配置
x-pack可以试用，网络上有破解方式，其可根据字段做数据统计呈现，呈现方式众多，实时更新，可做数据挖掘，数据报告。下面贴上我做的一个示例。
参考文档
- Filebeat配置文档: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/index.html
- Logstash配置文档: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/configuration.html
- ES集群参考文档: https://www.jianshu.com/p/149a8da90bbc
- 集群状态查看参考文档: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000010975383
- logstash优化: http://jaminzhang.github.io/elk/Logstash-Performance-Troubleshooting-Guide
- 博客园:https://www.cnblogs.com/William-Guozi/