Alexey是一个在使用Java，TestNG 和Selenium的自动化WEB应用程序中有丰富经验的测试开发者。他如此的喜欢QA以至于在下班后他为初级QA工程师提供培训课程。
在这篇文章中我想介绍一个Spring MVC + Hibernate + Maven例子。这组技术主要涉及一些基础知识，我想在每一个必要的地方详细解释它。本篇话题范围以外的更多资源，我会提供链接方便你阅读。在文章的最后,我将发布一个GitHub的链接。
目标
示例web应用程序是基于Spring MVC, Hibernate, Maven的，界面是基于HTML的。这个应用程序将提供所有的CRUD操作：增删改查。和往常一样，我将使用Mysql作为我的数据库。这个应用程序将 把足球俱乐部相关的实体来作为示例，所以这个教程将会涉及运动领域。
准备
我需要在数据库中创建一个表，下面就是创建它的代码：
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CREATE TABLE `teams` (`id` int(6) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,`rating` int(6) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; |
这个表将在应用程序中用下面的类来表示：
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@Entity@Table(name="teams")public class Team { @Id @GeneratedValue private Integer id; private String name; private Integer rating; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getRating() { return rating; } public void setRating(Integer rating) { this.rating = rating; }} |
然后我需要在IDE（我使用Eclipse）里面创建一个Maven项目。我将略过创建的详细过程，你可以查看它在我的关于Maven项目的创建的文章里,这是pom.xml文件的链接。首先最重要的一点就是WebAppConfig.java 文件，所以我开始吧：
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@Configuration@ComponentScan("com.sprhib")@EnableWebMvc@EnableTransactionManagement@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")public class WebAppConfig { private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_DRIVER = "db.driver"; private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_PASSWORD = "db.password"; private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_URL = "db.url"; private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_USERNAME = "db.username"; private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT = "hibernate.dialect"; private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL = "hibernate.show_sql"; private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN = "entitymanager.packages.to.scan"; @Resource private Environment env; @Bean public DataSource dataSource() { DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource(); dataSource.setDriverClassName(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_DRIVER)); dataSource.setUrl(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_URL)); dataSource.setUsername(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_USERNAME)); dataSource.setPassword(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_PASSWORD)); return dataSource; } @Bean public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory() { LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactoryBean = new LocalSessionFactoryBean(); sessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource()); sessionFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN)); sessionFactoryBean.setHibernateProperties(hibProperties()); return sessionFactoryBean; } private Properties hibProperties() { Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT, env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT)); properties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL, env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL)); return properties; } @Bean public HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager() { HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager = new HibernateTransactionManager(); transactionManager.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory().getObject()); return transactionManager; } @Bean public UrlBasedViewResolver setupViewResolver() { UrlBasedViewResolver resolver = new UrlBasedViewResolver(); resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/pages/"); resolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); return resolver; }} |
在这个文件开头，你看见了注解@EnableTransactionManagement，它可以使Spring的注解驱动事务管理器生效工作。注 解@PropertySource(“classpath:application.properties”)定位属性文件所在的资源文件夹。注意着三个 beans:transactionManager, sessionFactory, dataSource,这些beans提供了事务管理。更多信息可以阅读我的关于Hibernate功能的文章。
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#DB properties:db.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driverdb.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibnatedbdb.username=hibuserdb.password=root#Hibernate Configuration:hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialecthibernate.show_sql=trueentitymanager.packages.to.scan=com.sprhib.model |
以上是我和项目有关的所有准备，接下来我将向你展示DAO层和Service层。
DAO层和Service层
下面是DAOs和Services接口和实现：
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public interface TeamDAO { public void addTeam(Team team); public void updateTeam(Team team); public Team getTeam(int id); public void deleteTeam(int id); public List getTeams();}@Repositorypublic class TeamDAOImpl implements TeamDAO { @Autowired private SessionFactory sessionFactory; private Session getCurrentSession() { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); } public void addTeam(Team team) { getCurrentSession().save(team); } public void updateTeam(Team team) { Team teamToUpdate = getTeam(team.getId()); teamToUpdate.setName(team.getName()); teamToUpdate.setRating(team.getRating()); getCurrentSession().update(teamToUpdate); } public Team getTeam(int id) { Team team = (Team) getCurrentSession().get(Team.class, id); return team; } public void deleteTeam(int id) { Team team = getTeam(id); if (team != null) getCurrentSession().delete(team); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public List getTeams() { return getCurrentSession().createQuery("from Team").list(); }} |
注解 @Repository 表明被注解的类是一个DAO
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public interface TeamService { public void addTeam(Team team); public void updateTeam(Team team); public Team getTeam(int id); public void deleteTeam(int id); public List getTeams();}@Service@Transactionalpublic class TeamServiceImpl implements TeamService { @Autowired private TeamDAO teamDAO; public void addTeam(Team team) { teamDAO.addTeam(team); } public void updateTeam(Team team) { teamDAO.updateTeam(team); } public Team getTeam(int id) { return teamDAO.getTeam(id); } public void deleteTeam(int id) { teamDAO.deleteTeam(id); } public List getTeams() { return teamDAO.getTeams(); }} |
注解@Service表明备注解的类是一个“Service”。注解@Transactional在一个方法或者是类上声明一个事务。
控制器和JSPs
现在我就要涵盖所有的 CRUD操作，这一章会有点长。我将从最基础的控制器开始，它负责主页：
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@Controllerpublic class LinkController { @RequestMapping(value="/") public ModelAndView mainPage() { return new ModelAndView("home"); } @RequestMapping(value="/index") public ModelAndView indexPage() { return new ModelAndView("home"); }} |
它挺简单的，这是JSP文件：
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...<h1>Home page</h1><p>${message}<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/add.html">Add new team</a><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/list.html">Team list</a></p>... |
下面是这里是核心控制器,主要应用程序的控制器:
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@Controllerpublic class TeamController { @Autowired private TeamService teamService; @RequestMapping(value="/team/add") public ModelAndView addTeamPage() { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("add-team-form"); modelAndView.addObject("team", new Team()); return modelAndView; } @RequestMapping(value="/team/add/process") public ModelAndView addingTeam(@ModelAttribute Team team) { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("home"); teamService.addTeam(team); String message = "Team was successfully added."; modelAndView.addObject("message", message); return modelAndView; } @RequestMapping(value="/team/list") public ModelAndView listOfTeams() { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("list-of-teams"); List teams = teamService.getTeams(); modelAndView.addObject("teams", teams); return modelAndView; } @RequestMapping(value="/team/edit/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView editTeamPage(@PathVariable Integer id) { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("edit-team-form"); Team team = teamService.getTeam(id); modelAndView.addObject("team",team); return modelAndView; } @RequestMapping(value="/team/edit/{id}", method=RequestMethod.POST) public ModelAndView edditingTeam(@ModelAttribute Team team, @PathVariable Integer id) { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("home"); teamService.updateTeam(team); String message = "Team was successfully edited."; modelAndView.addObject("message", message); return modelAndView; } @RequestMapping(value="/team/delete/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView deleteTeam(@PathVariable Integer id) { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("home"); teamService.deleteTeam(id); String message = "Team was successfully deleted."; modelAndView.addObject("message", message); return modelAndView; }} |
基本上所有的方法和请求映射都是很清晰的。请注意editTeamPage() 和edditingTeam() 方法的@RequestMapping，对于不同的method属性包含不同的值。
现在我们来看看JSP页面:
“Add new team” 页面
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...<h1>Add team page</h1><p>Here you can add a new team.</p><form:form method="POST" commandname="team" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/add/process.html"><table><tbody> <tr> <td>Name:</td> <td><form:input path="name"></form:input></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Rating:</td> <td><form:input path="rating"></form:input></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input value="Add" type="submit"></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></form:form><p><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/index.html">Home page</a></p>... |
“List of teams” 页面：
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...<h1>List of teams</h1><p>Here you can see the list of the teams, edit them, remove or update.</p><c:foreach var="team" items="${teams}"></c:foreach><table border="1px" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><thead><tr><th width="10%">id</th><th width="15%">name</th><th width="10%">rating</th><th width="10%">actions</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr> <td>${team.id}</td> <td>${team.name}</td> <td>${team.rating}</td> <td> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/edit/${team.id}.html">Edit</a> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/delete/${team.id}.html">Delete</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><p><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/index.html">Home page</a></p>... |
“Edit team” 页面：
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...<h1>Edit team page</h1><p>Here you can edit the existing team.</p><p>${message}</p><form:form method="POST" commandname="team" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/edit/${team.id}.html"><table><tbody> <tr> <td>Name:</td> <td><form:input path="name"></form:input></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Rating:</td> <td><form:input path="rating"></form:input></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input value="Edit" type="submit"></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></form:form><p><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/index.html">Home page</a></p>... |
“List of teams” 页面的效果：
总结
几个技术的整合通常不是一件简单的事情，所有如果要想成功就需要有耐心。在这篇文章中没有囊括所有的资源，你可以访问GitHub去查看哪些你感兴趣的类。