JS functions in detail

notes:

1. every method is a function , but not every function is a method.
2. functions are objects

• scope: variable "visibility", the location where a variable is defined dictates where we have access to that variable.
  • function scope

  • let msg = "I am so happy today";
    function help{
      let msg = "I'am on fire";
      msg; //" I am on fire", local variable
    }
    
    msg; //"I am so happy today" , global variable

• • block scope

  • let radius = 8;
    
    if(radius > 0){
        const PI = 3.14;
        let circ = 2 * PI * radius;
    }
    
    console.log(radius);  // 8
    console.log(PI);   // not defined
    console.log(circ);   //not defined

  • lexical scope

  • function outer() {
        let hero = "balck";
    
        function inner() {
            let cry = `${hero}, please save me!`;
            console.log(cry);
        }
        inner();
    }
    outer(); // balck, please save me!

  • function expressions

  • const square = function (num){
       return num * num;
    }
    square(7); //49

  • higher order functions
    • functions that operate on/with other functions, they can
    1. accept other functions as arguments
    2. return a function

    • function callTwice(func){
          func();
          func();
      }
      
      function laugh(){
          console.log("HAHAHA");
      }
      call(laugh); //pass a function as an arg;
      //HAHAHA
      //HAHAHA

  • returning functions

  • function rangeFunc(min, max){
        return function(val){
            return val >= min && val <= max;
        }
    }
    
    const AgeRange = rangeFunc(18, 100);
    
    AgeRange(17); // false
    AgeRange(68)//true

• Methods
  • we can add functions as properies on objects
  • we can call them methods

  • const math = {
        multiply: function(x,y){
            return x*y;
        },
        divide: function(x,y){
            return x/y;
        },
        square: function(x){
            return x*x;
        }
    };

    shorthand

  • const math = {
        multiply(x,y){
            return x*y;
        },
        divide(x,y){
            return x/y;
        },
        square(x){
            return x*x;
        }
    }
     math.multiply(3,2)  //6

• this in methods, use the keyword this to access other properties on the same object

  • const person = {
        first: 'Lily',
        last: 'Li',
        fullName(){
            return `${this.first} ${this.last}`
        }
    }
    person.fullName(); // "Lily Li"
    person.last = "Lyee";
    person.fullName(); //"Lily Lyee"