WebService如何封装XML请求 以及解析接口返回的XML
1、封装XML报文对象
博主在调第三方接口时,经常需要封装XML去请求第三方的数据,在Web开发时,需要经常用到,因此也打算写篇文章记录下本人在思考和寻求答案的过程。
1-1 XML的一些基本常识
一般在参考一些API的文档时,JAVA开发一般是根据特定的API要求去对数据进行封装,在此,我将采用举例的方式来说明,已经应用场景。在封装XML对象时,首先我们得了解封装XML对象试用方式,一般采取Class类注解的形式去实现。如@XmlType、@XmlAccessorType、@XmlRootElement、 @XmlElement等。
@XmlType(propOrder ={ "Header", "MessageType", "Message" }) // 指定序列成的xml节点顺序
@XmlAccessorType(value = XmlAccessType.FIELD) // 访问类型改为字段
@XmlRootElement(name = "AmazonEnvelope")//封装XML对象的根节点
1-2 封装XML针对某些特定API请求参数。这里以对接亚马逊的某些接口举例
以下为我举例加入某接口需要对参数封装XML:
- /*
- * <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- * <AmazonEnvelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="amzn-envelope.xsd">
- * <Header>
- * <DocumentVersion>1.02</DocumentVersion>
- * <MerchantIdentifier>A23G8Q8ZIKBK8C</MerchantIdentifier>
- * </Header>
- * <MessageType>ProcessingReport</MessageType>
- * <Message>
- * <MessageID>1</MessageID>
- * <ProcessingReport>
- * <DocumentTransactionID>57320017876</DocumentTransactionID>
- * <StatusCode>Complete</StatusCode>
- * <ProcessingSummary>
- * <MessagesProcessed>15</MessagesProcessed>
- * <MessagesSuccessful>13</MessagesSuccessful>
- * <MessagesWithError>2</MessagesWithError>
- * <MessagesWithWarning>0</MessagesWithWarning>
- * </ProcessingSummary>
- * <Result>
- * <MessageID>3</MessageID>
- * <ResultCode>Error</ResultCode>
- * <ResultMessageCode>25</ResultMessageCode>
- * <ResultDescription>We are unable to process the XML feed because one or more items are invalid. Please re-submit the feed.</ResultDescription>
- * </Result>
- * <Result>
- * <MessageID>4</MessageID>
- * <ResultCode>Error</ResultCode>
- * <ResultMessageCode>25</ResultMessageCode>
- * <ResultDescription>We are unable to process the XML feed because one or more items are invalid. Please re-submit the feed.</ResultDescription>
- * </Result>
- * </ProcessingReport>
- * </Message>
- * </AmazonEnvelope>
-
- */
如果看到这种XML格式,去封装请求对象如何封装呢?
我们如果有了解过XML这种语言就知道,XML可以理解为一颗树,有父子根节点构成。其实Spring 内部去解析XML时,也是根据这种特性去解析的。因为我们最原始MVC 需要大量的配置XML 注入bean。以及配置事物等等。我们通过分析可以发现,外部根节点为AmazonEnvelope,子节点Header、MessageType、Message,然后Message节点下又有子节点MessageID、ProcessingReport。依次类推,可以构造AmazonEnvelope大对象,然后以此为根节点建造子节点对象,这里举例两个如下:
- package com.aukey.supply.chain.domain.test;
-
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
-
- @XmlType(propOrder =
- { "Header", "MessageType", "Message" }) // 指定序列成的xml节点顺序
- @XmlAccessorType(value = XmlAccessType.FIELD) // 访问类型改为字段
- @XmlRootElement(name = "AmazonEnvelope")
- public class AmazonEnvelope {
- @XmlElement
- private Header Header;//构造头部
-
- @XmlElement
- private String MessageType;
-
-
- @XmlElement
- private Message Message;
-
-
- public Header getHeader() {
- return Header;
- }
-
-
- public void setHeader(Header header) {
- Header = header;
- }
-
-
- public String getMessageType() {
- return MessageType;
- }
-
-
- public void setMessageType(String messageType) {
- MessageType = messageType;
- }
-
-
- public Message getMessage() {
- return Message;
- }
-
-
- public void setMessage(Message message) {
- Message = message;
- }
- }
- package com.aukey.supply.chain.domain.test;
-
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
-
- @XmlType(propOrder =
- { "MessageID", "ProcessingReport"}) // 指定序列成的xml节点顺序
- @XmlAccessorType(value = XmlAccessType.FIELD) // 访问类型改为字段
- public class Message {
-
- @XmlElement
- private String MessageID;
-
- @XmlElement
- private ProcessingReport ProcessingReport;
-
- public String getMessageID() {
- return MessageID;
- }
-
- public void setMessageID(String messageID) {
- MessageID = messageID;
- }
-
- public ProcessingReport getProcessingReport() {
- return ProcessingReport;
- }
-
- public void setProcessingReport(ProcessingReport processingReport) {
- ProcessingReport = processingReport;
- }
-
- }
对象封装完成之后,API一般需要请求参数,因此我们建完实体对象后,需要按照不同节点要求赋值,示例如下:
- /**
- * 构造XML对象 将节点数据组装成一个XML大对象
- * @return
- */
- public static AmazonEnvelope createXmlObject()
- {
- AmazonEnvelope amazonEnvelope =new AmazonEnvelope();
-
- //子级节点1
- Header header =new Header();
- header.setDocumentVersion("1.02");
- header.setMerchantIdentifier("A23G8Q8ZIKBK8C");
- //赋值子级节点1
- amazonEnvelope.setHeader(header);
-
- //子级节点1
- String messageType="ProcessingReport";
- //赋值子级节点1
- amazonEnvelope.setMessageType(messageType);
-
- //子级节点1
- Message message =new Message();
- //赋值子级节点2
- message.setMessageID("1");
-
- //子级节点2
- ProcessingReport processingReport=new ProcessingReport();
-
- //赋值子级节点2
- processingReport.setDocumentTransactionID("57320017876");
- //赋值子级节点2
- processingReport.setStatusCode("Complete");
-
- //子级节点3
- ProcessingSummary processingSummary =new ProcessingSummary();
- //赋值子级节点3
- processingSummary.setMessagesProcessed("15");
- //赋值子级节点3
- processingSummary.setMessagesSuccessful("13");
- //赋值子级节点3
- processingSummary.setMessagesWithError("2");
- //赋值子级节点3
- processingSummary.setMessagesWithWarning("0");
-
- //子级节点3
- List<Result> results=new ArrayList<>();
- Result result =new Result();
- //赋值子级节点4
- result.setMessageID("3");
- //赋值子级节点4
- result.setResultCode("Error");
- //赋值子级节点4
- result.setResultDescription("25");
- //赋值子级节点4
- result.setResultMessageCode("We are unable to process the XML feed because one or more items are invalid. Please re-submit the feed.");
-
- //赋值子级节点3
- results.add(result);
-
-
- //赋值子级节点2
- processingReport.setResult(results);
-
- //赋值子级节点2
- processingReport.setProcessingSummary(processingSummary);
-
- //赋值子级节点2
- message.setProcessingReport(processingReport);
-
- //赋值子级节点1
- amazonEnvelope.setMessage(message);
-
- return amazonEnvelope;
- }
对象赋值完成后,需要把当前的XML对象封装整个XML,一般设置字符编码等。 并且组装成一个String 这里JAXBContext文本对象来完成:
- /**
- * 构造XML 报文对象
- * @param amazonEnvelope
- * @return
- */
- public static String createXml(AmazonEnvelope amazonEnvelope)
- {
- JAXBContext context;
- try {
- context = JAXBContext.newInstance(amazonEnvelope.getClass());
- Marshaller marshaller = context.createMarshaller();
- marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);
- marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, "UTF-8");
- StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
- marshaller.marshal(amazonEnvelope, writer);
- String xml = writer.toString();
- return xml;
- } catch (JAXBException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return "";
- }
封装XML完成之后,就可以调取第三方的API并DOM解析返回了,这里说明为了方便,将请求对象和解析对象置为同一个。下面看主类全套调用逻辑:
- package com.aukey.supply.chain.web.test;
-
- import java.io.StringReader;
- import java.io.StringWriter;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
-
- import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
- import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
- import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;
- import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
-
- import org.dom4j.Document;
- import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
- import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
- import org.dom4j.Element;
-
- import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
- import com.aukey.supply.chain.domain.test.AmazonEnvelope;
- import com.aukey.supply.chain.domain.test.Header;
- import com.aukey.supply.chain.domain.test.Message;
- import com.aukey.supply.chain.domain.test.ProcessingReport;
- import com.aukey.supply.chain.domain.test.ProcessingSummary;
- import com.aukey.supply.chain.domain.test.Result;
- import com.aukey.supply.chain.utils.Md5Utils;
- import com.aukey.supply.chain.utils.XMLPostUtils;
-
- public class TestAnalyzeXml {
- public static void main(String[] args)
- {
- //组装请求报文XML对象
- AmazonEnvelope amazonEnvelope =createXmlObject();
-
- //构造XML文本
- String xml= createXml(amazonEnvelope);
-
- try
- {
- //封装请求报文 然后发送HTTP请求 然后将返回XML字符串 进行解析对应XML格式的节点对象 然后获取对应的节点数据
- String urlStr = "http://info.edaeu.com/Api/";
- String token="";
- String md5;
- try {
- md5 = Md5Utils.ChangeMd5(token.substring(0, 16) + xml + token.substring(16, 32));
- } catch (Exception e) {
- md5 = "";
- }
- String httpPost = XMLPostUtils.httpPost(xml, urlStr+"/"+md5);
- JAXBContext getcontext = JAXBContext.newInstance(amazonEnvelope.getClass());
- Unmarshaller unmarshaller = getcontext.createUnmarshaller();
- StringReader reader = new StringReader(httpPost);
- Object object=(AmazonEnvelope)unmarshaller.unmarshal(reader);
- } catch (JAXBException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- try{
- Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(xml);
- // 通过document对象获取根节点
- Element root = document.getRootElement();
- Element message = root.element("Message");
- Element processingReport = message.element("ProcessingReport");
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- List<Element> results = processingReport.elements("Result");
- List<Map<String, Object>> mapResultList=new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();
- for (Element element : results)
- {
- Map<String, Object> map =new HashMap<String, Object>();
- map.put("MessageID",element.element("MessageID").getTextTrim());
- map.put("ResultCode", element.element("ResultCode").getTextTrim());
- map.put("ResultMessageCode",element.element("ResultMessageCode").getTextTrim());
- map.put("ResultDescription", element.element("ResultDescription").getTextTrim());
- mapResultList.add(map);
- }
- System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(mapResultList));
-
- } catch (DocumentException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
-
-
- }
-
-
-
- }
以上获取完数据,差不多解析调用就完成了。整个封装XML并调用API,以及返回解析API返回的XML就完成了!
福利(附带Http请求XML封装工具类以及MD5加密类):
- package com.aukey.supply.chain.utils;
-
- import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.io.StringReader;
- import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
- import java.net.URL;
-
- import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
- import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
- import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
- import javax.xml.transform.Source;
- import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXSource;
-
- import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
- import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
-
- public class XMLPostUtils
- {
-
- public static String httpPost(String xml, String urlStr)
- {
- try
- {
- URL url = new URL(urlStr);
- // 建立http连接
- HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- // 设置允许输出
- conn.setDoOutput(true);
-
- conn.setDoInput(true);
-
- // 设置不用缓存
- conn.setUseCaches(false);
- // 设置传递方式
- conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
- // 设置维持长连接
- conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
- // 设置文件字符集:
- conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
- // 转换为字节数组
- byte[] data = xml.getBytes();
- // 设置文件长度
- conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
- // 设置文件类型:
- conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "text/xml");
- // 开始连接请求
- conn.connect();
- OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
- // 写入请求的字符串
- out.write(data);
- out.flush();
- out.close();
-
- // 请求返回的状态
- if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200)
- {
- // 请求返回的数据
- InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
- try
- {
- ByteArrayOutputStream s = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- int length = 0;
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024];
- while ((length = in.read(buffer)) != -1)
- {
- s.write(buffer, 0, length);
- }
- return s.toString("UTF-8");
-
- }
- catch (Exception e1)
- {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
- finally
- {
- in.close();
- }
- }
- else
- {
- }
-
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
-
- }
- return null;
- }
-
- public static <T> T convertXmlToJavaBean(String xml, Class<T> t) throws Exception
- {
- T obj;
- JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(t);
- StringReader stringReader = new StringReader(xml);
- SAXParserFactory sax = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
- sax.setNamespaceAware(false);// 设置忽略明明空间
- XMLReader xmlReader = sax.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
- Source source = new SAXSource(xmlReader, new InputSource(stringReader));
- Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller();
- obj = (T) unmarshaller.unmarshal(source);
- return obj;
- }
-
- }
- package com.aukey.task.centerwarehouse.utils;
-
- import java.security.MessageDigest;
- import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
-
- public class Md5Utils
- {
- public static String ChangeMd5(String password)
- {
-
- try
- {
- // 得到一个信息摘要器
- MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
- byte[] result = digest.digest(password.getBytes());
- StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
- // 把每一个byte 做一个与运算 0xff;
- for (byte b : result)
- {
- // 与运算
- int number = b & 0xff;// 加盐
- String str = Integer.toHexString(number);
- if (str.length() == 1)
- {
- buffer.append("0");
- }
- buffer.append(str);
- }
-
- // 标准的md5加密后的结果
- return buffer.toString();
- }
- catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return "";
- }
-
- }
- }