Tomcat是Apache软件基金会 (Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成.由于有了Sun的参与和支持,最新的Servlet和JSP规范总是能在Tomcat中得到体现,因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web应用服务器.
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Tomcat环境搭建
1.由于Tomcat使用Java开发,所以应该下载并安装JDK.
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf jdk-*.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk-*/ /usr/local/jdk
2.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容,保证下次开机配置好Java环境.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile
#------------------------------------------------------------------
#Java-JDK-Path
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
#------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
3.下载并解压安装Tomcat.
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat9.0.7.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.7.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.7/ /usr/local/tomcat
4.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile
#------------------------------------------------------------------
#Apache-Tomcat-Path
export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin
#------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
5.赋予可执行权限,启动Tomcat,并设置成开机自启动.
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/tomcat/bin/*
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start" >> /etc/profile
部署静态页面
1.创建一个默认目录,用来保存起始页面.
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/webindex
[root@localhost ~]# echo "hello world" > /usr/local/tomcat/webindex/index.html
2.修改tomcat主配置文件,具体只需要修改两处位置即可.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
67 Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
68 -->
69 <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" #将此处端口改为80
70 connectionTimeout="20000"
71 redirectPort="8443" />
72 <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
73 <!--
......
157 <!-- Access log processes all example.
158 Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
159 Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
160 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
161 prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
162 pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
163 <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webindex" reloadable="false" /> #添加本行,指定一下配置文件位置
164
165 </Host>
166 </Engine>
3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Java-war包部署
1.将War包拷入到 /usr/local/tomcat/webapps 目录下,并删除 ROOT 缓存目录.
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a *.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/*
2.编辑Tomcat主配置文件,在相应的区域中加入以下标★语句.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
146 </Realm>
147
148 <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
★ <Context path="" docBase="war包名称.war" debug="0" privileged="true"/>
150
151 <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
152 Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
153 <!--
154 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Tomcat虚拟主机
◆基于端口虚拟主机◆
基于端口的虚拟主机,可以让用户通过端口号,来访问服务器上的资源,在配置虚拟网站时,基于端口的配置方式最为复杂,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上配置多个端口,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个端口.
1.首先在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2
[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html
2.修改主配置文件,添加在server.xml,中设置两个service组件.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
53 <Service name="Catalina">
54 <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
55 <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
56
57 <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
58 <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
59 <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
60 </Realm>
61
62 <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
63
64 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
65 <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" />
66 </Host>
67 </Engine>
68 </Service>
69
70 <Service name="Catalina1">
71 <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
72 <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
73
74 <Engine name="Catalina1" defaultHost="localhost">
75 <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
76 <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
77 </Realm>
78
79 <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
80
81 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
82 <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" />
83 </Host>
84 </Engine>
85 </Service>
3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
◆基于域名虚拟主机◆
当服务器无法为每一个网站分配一个独立的IP的时候,可以尝试让Apache自动识别用户请求的域名,从而根据不同的域名请求来传输不同的内容,这里我们为了验证实验要手动搭建一个DNS解析,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上多个域名,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个域名.
1.配置域名与Ip的映射管理,这里你可以配置DNS解析,也可以直接写host文件测试.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 www.wang.com www
127.0.0.1 www.rui.com www
2.在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2
[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html
3.修改server.xml主配置文件,修改以下内容即可.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
53 <Service name="Catalina">
54 <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
55 <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
56
57 <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
58 <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
59 <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
60 </Realm>
61
62 <Host name="www.wang.com" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
63 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
64 <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" />
65 </Host>
66 <Host name="www.rui.com" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
67 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
68 <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" />
69 </Host>
70
71 </Engine>
72 </Service>
4.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start