python中matplotlib的颜色及线条 控制

https://www.cnblogs.com/darkknightzh/p/6117528.html

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34337272/article/details/79555544

1.设置栅格
(1)使用pyplot api命令

打开栅格:plt.grid(true)

设置栅格格式：plt.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)

(2)使用axes类面向对象命令

#同时设置两坐标轴上的栅格线

ax.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)  

#设置X坐标轴上(垂直方向)的栅格线

ax.xaxis.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)

#设置Y坐标轴上(水平方向)的栅格线

ax.yaxis.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)

2.设置axes脊柱(坐标系)
 

(1)去掉脊柱(坐标系)

ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False) #去掉上边框

ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False) #去掉下边框

ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False) #去掉左边框

ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False) #去掉右边框

(2)移动脊柱

ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))

(3)设置边框线颜色

ax = plt.gca() # 获取当前的axes

ax.spines['right'].set_color('blue')ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')

(4)设置边框线宽ax1.spines['left'].set_linewidth(5)

(5)设置边框线型ax.spines['left'].set_linestyle('--')

3.设置背景颜色
 

(1)设置figure背景颜色

facecolor：背景颜色  edgecolor：边框颜色

plt.figure(facecolor='blue',edgecolor='black')

或

fig=plt.gcf()
fig.set_facecolor('green')

(2)设置axes背景颜色

a = plt.axes([.65, .6, .2, .2], facecolor='k')  #pyplot api命令-黑色背景

或者

ax1=plt.gca()

ax1.patch.set_facecolor("gray")            #设置ax1区域背景颜色               

ax1.patch.set_alpha(0.5)                      #设置ax1区域背景颜色透明度       

(3)修改matplotlib默认参数

plt.rcParams['axes.facecolor']='red'

plt.rcParams['savefig.facecolor']='red'

'-'       solid line style
'--'      dashed line style
'-.'      dash-dot line style
':'       dotted line style

'.'       point marker
','       pixel marker
'o'       circle marker
'v'       triangle_down marker
'^'       triangle_up marker
'<'       triangle_left marker
'>'       triangle_right marker
'1'       tri_down marker
'2'       tri_up marker
'3'       tri_left marker
'4'       tri_right marker
's'       square marker
'p'       pentagon marker
'*'       star marker
'h'       hexagon1 marker
'H'       hexagon2 marker
'+'       plus marker
'x'       x marker
'D'       diamond marker
'd'       thin_diamond marker
'|'       vline marker
'_'       hline marker

cnames = {
'aliceblue':            '#F0F8FF',
'antiquewhite':         '#FAEBD7',
'aqua':                 '#00FFFF',
'aquamarine':           '#7FFFD4',
'azure':                '#F0FFFF',
'beige':                '#F5F5DC',
'bisque':               '#FFE4C4',
'black':                '#000000',
'blanchedalmond':       '#FFEBCD',
'blue':                 '#0000FF',
'blueviolet':           '#8A2BE2',
'brown':                '#A52A2A',
'burlywood':            '#DEB887',
'cadetblue':            '#5F9EA0',
'chartreuse':           '#7FFF00',
'chocolate':            '#D2691E',
'coral':                '#FF7F50',
'cornflowerblue':       '#6495ED',
'cornsilk':             '#FFF8DC',
'crimson':              '#DC143C',
'cyan':                 '#00FFFF',
'darkblue':             '#00008B',
'darkcyan':             '#008B8B',
'darkgoldenrod':        '#B8860B',
'darkgray':             '#A9A9A9',
'darkgreen':            '#006400',
'darkkhaki':            '#BDB76B',
'darkmagenta':          '#8B008B',
'darkolivegreen':       '#556B2F',
'darkorange':           '#FF8C00',
'darkorchid':           '#9932CC',
'darkred':              '#8B0000',
'darksalmon':           '#E9967A',
'darkseagreen':         '#8FBC8F',
'darkslateblue':        '#483D8B',
'darkslategray':        '#2F4F4F',
'darkturquoise':        '#00CED1',
'darkviolet':           '#9400D3',
'deeppink':             '#FF1493',
'deepskyblue':          '#00BFFF',
'dimgray':              '#696969',
'dodgerblue':           '#1E90FF',
'firebrick':            '#B22222',
'floralwhite':          '#FFFAF0',
'forestgreen':          '#228B22',
'fuchsia':              '#FF00FF',
'gainsboro':            '#DCDCDC',
'ghostwhite':           '#F8F8FF',
'gold':                 '#FFD700',
'goldenrod':            '#DAA520',
'gray':                 '#808080',
'green':                '#008000',
'greenyellow':          '#ADFF2F',
'honeydew':             '#F0FFF0',
'hotpink':              '#FF69B4',
'indianred':            '#CD5C5C',
'indigo':               '#4B0082',
'ivory':                '#FFFFF0',
'khaki':                '#F0E68C',
'lavender':             '#E6E6FA',
'lavenderblush':        '#FFF0F5',
'lawngreen':            '#7CFC00',
'lemonchiffon':         '#FFFACD',
'lightblue':            '#ADD8E6',
'lightcoral':           '#F08080',
'lightcyan':            '#E0FFFF',
'lightgoldenrodyellow': '#FAFAD2',
'lightgreen':           '#90EE90',
'lightgray':            '#D3D3D3',
'lightpink':            '#FFB6C1',
'lightsalmon':          '#FFA07A',
'lightseagreen':        '#20B2AA',
'lightskyblue':         '#87CEFA',
'lightslategray':       '#778899',
'lightsteelblue':       '#B0C4DE',
'lightyellow':          '#FFFFE0',
'lime':                 '#00FF00',
'limegreen':            '#32CD32',
'linen':                '#FAF0E6',
'magenta':              '#FF00FF',
'maroon':               '#800000',
'mediumaquamarine':     '#66CDAA',
'mediumblue':           '#0000CD',
'mediumorchid':         '#BA55D3',
'mediumpurple':         '#9370DB',
'mediumseagreen':       '#3CB371',
'mediumslateblue':      '#7B68EE',
'mediumspringgreen':    '#00FA9A',
'mediumturquoise':      '#48D1CC',
'mediumvioletred':      '#C71585',
'midnightblue':         '#191970',
'mintcream':            '#F5FFFA',
'mistyrose':            '#FFE4E1',
'moccasin':             '#FFE4B5',
'navajowhite':          '#FFDEAD',
'navy':                 '#000080',
'oldlace':              '#FDF5E6',
'olive':                '#808000',
'olivedrab':            '#6B8E23',
'orange':               '#FFA500',
'orangered':            '#FF4500',
'orchid':               '#DA70D6',
'palegoldenrod':        '#EEE8AA',
'palegreen':            '#98FB98',
'paleturquoise':        '#AFEEEE',
'palevioletred':        '#DB7093',
'papayawhip':           '#FFEFD5',
'peachpuff':            '#FFDAB9',
'peru':                 '#CD853F',
'pink':                 '#FFC0CB',
'plum':                 '#DDA0DD',
'powderblue':           '#B0E0E6',
'purple':               '#800080',
'red':                  '#FF0000',
'rosybrown':            '#BC8F8F',
'royalblue':            '#4169E1',
'saddlebrown':          '#8B4513',
'salmon':               '#FA8072',
'sandybrown':           '#FAA460',
'seagreen':             '#2E8B57',
'seashell':             '#FFF5EE',
'sienna':               '#A0522D',
'silver':               '#C0C0C0',
'skyblue':              '#87CEEB',
'slateblue':            '#6A5ACD',
'slategray':            '#708090',
'snow':                 '#FFFAFA',
'springgreen':          '#00FF7F',
'steelblue':            '#4682B4',
'tan':                  '#D2B48C',
'teal':                 '#008080',
'thistle':              '#D8BFD8',
'tomato':               '#FF6347',
'turquoise':            '#40E0D0',
'violet':               '#EE82EE',
'wheat':                '#F5DEB3',
'white':                '#FFFFFF',
'whitesmoke':           '#F5F5F5',
'yellow':               '#FFFF00',
'yellowgreen':          '#9ACD32'}

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    x = [20,50,100,150,200,300,400,600,1000]
    y1=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]  
    plt.figure(figsize=(8,4.9))
    plt.plot(x,y1,label = "$example$",color = 'r',marker = "+",linewidth=1)
    plt.xlabel("number")
    plt.ylabel("time")
    plt.title("-")
    plt.legend()
    plt.show()