tkinter学习02

 https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html#tkinter-modules

http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/

小例子演示：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from tkinter import *   #导入 Tkinter 模块

root =Tk() #实例

label = Label(root, text='Hello world')
label.pack() # 将小部件放置到主窗口中
root.mainloop() # 进入消息循环

用类创建

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

class App:
    def __init__(self, master):
        frame = Frame(master)
        frame.pack()

        self.button = Button(frame, text='Exit Class', fg='blue', command=frame.quit)

        self.button.pack()

        self.hiButton = Button(frame, text='Say Hi', command=self.say_hi)
        self.hiButton.pack()

    def say_hi(self):
        print ("Hi Sundy , Thanks!")

root = Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()
#root.destroy()

　

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *
class App:
    def __init__(self,master):
        frame=Frame(master)
        frame.pack()

        self.buttom=Button(frame,text="Exit Class",fg="blue",command=frame.quit)
        self.buttom.pack()

        self.hiButton=Button(frame,text="Say hi",command=self.say_hi)
        self.hiButton.pack()

    def say_hi(self):
        print("Hi,Tom, good job!")

if __name__=="__main__":
    root=Tk()
    app=App(root)
    root.mainloop()
    #root.destroy()

"D:Program Files (x86)python36python.exe" F:/python从入门到放弃/tkinter/10.30/helloclass.py
Hi,Tom, good job!
Hi,Tom, good job!
Hi,Tom, good job!

　　

---

如何设计GUI类库》》》tkinter设计结构 

 

 如果在开发的时候忘记配置样式，可以通过配置文件来配置

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *
root=Tk()
label=Label(root,text="hello world!")
label.config(cursor="gumby")
label.config(width=80,height=10,fg='yellow',bg="dark green")
label.config(font=("times","28","bold"))
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator
2018/10/30
'''
from tkinter import *
import setting
root=Tk()
label=Label(root,text="hello world!")
setting.config(label)
# label.config(cursor="gumby")
# label.config(width=80,height=10,fg='yellow',bg="dark green")
# label.config(font=("times","28","bold"))
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
def config(obj):
    obj.config(cursor="gumby")
    obj.config(width=80, height=10, fg='yellow', bg="dark green")
    obj.config(font=("times", "28", "bold"))

 Widget Styling  可以配置的组件样式

 http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/tkinter-widget-styling.htm

---

样式演示

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *
button = Button(text='SundyButton',padx=10,pady=10)
button.config(cursor='gumby')
button.config(bd=8,relief=FLAT)
button.config(bg='green',fg='yellow')
button.config(font=('Helvetica',10,'bold italic'))
button.pack()
button.mainloop()

relief
This option controls how to draw the 3D border. It can be set to one of SUNKEN, RAISED, GROOVE, RIDGE, and FLAT.

---

事件 和 事件绑定

 http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/tkinter-events-and-bindings.htm

 绑定的三种方式：

1、通过command = 回调函数  连接事件   （按钮级）

2、 通过bind 绑定事件   （按钮级）

3、 通过协议protocol  去监听窗体改变来绑定事件   （系统级）

　

import tkMessageBox

root= Tk()
'''
def button1Click():
    print('button clicked')

button = Button(text='hello', command=button1Click)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()
'''
def callback(event):

    frame.focus_set()
    print('clicked at:', event.x, event.y)
def key(event):
    print("pressed", repr(event.char))

frame = Frame(root,width=100,height=100)
frame.bind('<Button-1>',callback)
frame.bind('<Key>',key)
frame.pack()

root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',)
root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
# import tkMessageBox
from tkinter import *
root= Tk()

def button1Click():
    print('button clicked')

button = Button(text='hello', command=button1Click)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

效果：

command绑定事件的限制性  ： 标签没有command属性，没有办法绑定事件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
# import tkMessageBox
from tkinter import *
root= Tk()
def callback(event):
    print("Button-1 在frame上面 单击鼠标左键，打印出来")
frame = Frame(root,width=100,height=100)
frame.bind('<Button-1>',callback)
frame.pack()
root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *
import tkinter.messagebox

root= Tk()
def callback(event):
    frame.focus_set()#系统函数，每次点击前得到一个焦点
    print('clicked at:', event.x, event.y)#鼠标点击时的x,y轴坐标是多少
    print("距离左边的长度：%s  ,距离上面的长度：%s"%(event.x_root,event.y_root))
def key(event):
    print("pressed", repr(event.char))#repr 函数  表示将字符用ASCII码打印出来  也可以用str  char输入键盘输入的是什么字符
def closeWindow():
    if tkinter.messagebox.askokcancel("提示","是否要退出？"):
        root.destroy()



frame = Frame(root,width=100,height=100)
frame.bind('<Button-1>',callback)
frame.config(bg="dark green")
frame.bind('<Key>',key)
frame.pack()

root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',closeWindow)#通过协议监控 WM_DELETE_WINDOW Windows manages 删除 窗口发生时，调用函数  closeWindow
root.mainloop()

---

在窗体上新建一个窗体 

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30
'''
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.title('root window')
top = Toplevel(bg='red')
top.title('top level')
root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator
2018/10/30
'''
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.title('root window')
# top = Toplevel(bg='red')
# top.title('top level')
top = Toplevel()
top.title("About this application...")
def about_message():
    return "this is a tkinter demo application"
msg = Message(top, text=about_message())
msg.pack()

button = Button(top, text="Dismiss", command=top.destroy)
button.pack()

root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.messagebox
root = Tk()

def callback():
    if tkinter.messagebox.showerror('Sundy','HI Sundy'):
        print ('Clciked Yes')
    else:
        print ('Clicked No')

button = Button(root, text='Button1', command=callback)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

 菜单

from tkinter import *

def callback():
    print ("called the menu")

root = Tk()
menu = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menu)

filemenu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label='File',menu=filemenu)
filemenu.add_command(label='New',command=callback)
filemenu.add_command(label='Open..',command=callback)
filemenu.add_separator()
filemenu.add_command(label='Exit',command=callback)

helpmenu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label='Help',menu=helpmenu)
helpmenu.add_command(label='About..',command=callback)

root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *

def callback():
    print ("called the menu")

root = Tk()
menu = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menu)#设置一下root 里面菜单 就是上一行实例化的菜单

filemenu = Menu(menu)#添加一个菜单 绑定在menu上面
menu.add_cascade(label='File',menu=filemenu)#添加一个子菜单，绑定在filemunu上面 并且设置一个名字
filemenu.add_command(label='New',command=callback)#在菜单上，添加一个命令
filemenu.add_command(label='Open..',command=callback)
filemenu.add_separator()#添加一个分割线
filemenu.add_command(label='Exit',command=callback)

helpmenu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label='Help',menu=helpmenu)
helpmenu.add_command(label='About..',command=callback)

root.mainloop()

工具条

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def callback():
    print ("clicked tool bar button ")

toolbar = Frame(root)#由于tkinter没有工具条的类，我们用Frame来代替工具条的布局
b = Button(toolbar,text='new',width=6,command=callback)
b.pack(side=LEFT,padx=2,pady=2)

c = Button(toolbar,text='open',width=6,command=callback)
c.pack(side=LEFT,padx=2,pady=2)

toolbar.pack(side=TOP,fill=X)#放在最上面
root.mainloop()

 

 消息框

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *
import tkinter.messagebox
root = Tk()

def callback():
    if tkinter.messagebox.showerror('Sundy','HI Sundy'):
        print ('Clciked Yes')
    else:
        print ('Clicked No')

button = Button(root, text='Button1', command=callback)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *
import tkinter.messagebox
root = Tk()

def callback():
    if tkinter.messagebox.askyesno('Sundy','HI Sundy'):
        print ('Clciked Yes')
    else:
        print ('Clicked No')

button = Button(root, text='Button1', command=callback)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

 画布

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

w = Canvas(master, width=200, height=100,bg="yellow")
w.pack()

w.create_line(0, 0, 200, 100)
w.create_line(0, 100, 200, 0, fill="red", dash=(4, 4))

w.create_rectangle(50, 25, 150, 75, fill="blue")

mainloop()

 输入框

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *
master=Tk()
e = Entry(master)
e.pack()

e.delete(0, END)
e.insert(0, "a default value")
print(e.get())
master.mainloop()

 布局

from Tkinter import *

root = Tk()
Label(root,text='First').grid(row=0)
Label(root,text='Second').grid(row=1)
e1 = Entry(root)
e2 = Entry(root)

e1.grid(row=0,column=1)
e2.grid(row=1,column=1)

Button(root,text='OK').grid(row=2)

root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
Label(root,text='First').grid(row=0)
Label(root,text='Second').grid(row=1)
e1 = Entry(root)
e2 = Entry(root)
#
# e1.grid(row=0,column=1)
# e2.grid(row=1,column=1)
#
# Button(root,text='OK').grid(row=2)

root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
Label(root,text='First').grid(row=0)
Label(root,text='Second').grid(row=1)
e1 = Entry(root)
e2 = Entry(root)

e1.grid(row=0,column=1)
e2.grid(row=1,column=1)

# Button(root,text='OK').grid(row=2)

root.mainloop()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
Administrator 
2018/10/30 
'''
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
Label(root,text='First').grid(row=0)
Label(root,text='Second').grid(row=1)
e1 = Entry(root)
e2 = Entry(root)

e1.grid(row=0,column=1)
e2.grid(row=1,column=1)

Button(root,text='OK',width=10).grid(row=2,column=1)

root.mainloop()

 状态栏

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
status =Label(root,text='Ln20',bd=1,relief=SUNKEN,anchor=W)
status.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
root.mainloop()

小项目，编写一个记事本

__author__ = 'Sundy'
# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-


from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *
import os


filename = ''

def author():
    showinfo('作者信息','本软件由麦子学院Sundy完成')


def about():

    showinfo('版权信息.Copyright','本软件版权归属为麦子学院')

def openfile():
    global filename
    filename = askopenfilename(defaultextension = '.txt')
    if filename == '':
        filename = None
    else:
        root.title('FileName:'+os.path.basename(filename))
        textPad.delete(1.0,END)
        f = open(filename,'r')
        textPad.insert(1.0,f.read())
        f.close()

def new():
    global filename
    root.title('未命名文件')
    filename = None
    textPad.delete(1.0,END)

def save():
    global filename
    try:
        f = open(filename,'w')
        msg = textPad.get(1.0,END)
        f.write(msg)
        f.close()
    except:
        saveas()


def saveas():
    f = asksaveasfilename(initialfile= '未命名.txt', defaultextension='.txt')
    global filename
    filename = f
    fh = open(f,'w')
    msg = textPad.get(1.0,END)
    fh.write(msg)
    fh.close()
    root.title('FileName:'+os.path.basename(f))

def cut():
    textPad.event_generate('<<Cut>>')

def copy():
    textPad.event_generate('<<Copy>>')

def paste():
    textPad.event_generate('<<Paste>>')

def redo():
    textPad.event_generate('<<Redo>>')

def undo():
    textPad.event_generate('<<Undo>>')

def selectAll():
    textPad.tag_add('sel','1.0',END)

def search():
    topsearch = Toplevel(root)
    topsearch.geometry('300x30+200+250')
    label1 = Label(topsearch,text='Find')
    label1.grid(row=0, column=0,padx=5)
    entry1 = Entry(topsearch,width=20)
    entry1.grid(row=0, column=1,padx=5)
    button1 = Button(topsearch,text='查找')
    button1.grid(row=0, column=2)


root = Tk()
root.title('Sundy Node')
root.geometry("800x500+100+100")

#Create Menu
menubar = Menu(root)
root.config(menu = menubar)

filemenu = Menu(menubar)
filemenu.add_command(label='新建', accelerator='Ctrl + N', command= new)
filemenu.add_command(label='打开', accelerator='Ctrl + O',command = openfile)
filemenu.add_command(label='保存', accelerator='Ctrl + S', command=save)
filemenu.add_command(label='另存为', accelerator='Ctrl + Shift + S',command=saveas)
menubar.add_cascade(label='文件',menu=filemenu)

editmenu = Menu(menubar)
editmenu.add_command(label='撤销', accelerator='Ctrl + Z', command=undo)
editmenu.add_command(label='重做', accelerator='Ctrl + y', command=redo)
editmenu.add_separator()
editmenu.add_command(label = "剪切",accelerator = "Ctrl + X",command=cut)
editmenu.add_command(label = "复制",accelerator = "Ctrl + C", command=copy)
editmenu.add_command(label = "粘贴",accelerator = "Ctrl + V", command= paste)
editmenu.add_separator()
editmenu.add_command(label = "查找",accelerator = "Ctrl + F", command=search)
editmenu.add_command(label = "全选",accelerator = "Ctrl + A", command= selectAll)
menubar.add_cascade(label = "编辑",menu = editmenu)
aboutmenu = Menu(menubar)
aboutmenu.add_command(label = "作者", command=author)
aboutmenu.add_command(label = "版权", command = about)
menubar.add_cascade(label = "关于",menu=aboutmenu)

#toolbar
toolbar = Frame(root, height=25,bg='light sea green')
shortButton = Button(toolbar, text='打开',command = openfile)
shortButton.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)

shortButton = Button(toolbar, text='保存', command = save)
shortButton.pack(side=LEFT)
toolbar.pack(expand=NO,fill=X)

#Status Bar
status = Label(root, text='Ln20',bd=1, relief=SUNKEN,anchor=W)
status.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)

#linenumber&text
lnlabel =Label(root, width=2, bg='antique white')
lnlabel.pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y)

textPad = Text(root, undo=True)
textPad.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)

scroll = Scrollbar(textPad)
textPad.config(yscrollcommand= scroll.set)
scroll.config(command = textPad.yview)
scroll.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)



root.mainloop()