zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • HttpClient中post请求http、https示例

    HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目,可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。

    使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步即可:

    1. 创建CloseableHttpClient对象。
    2. 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
    3. 如果需要发送请求参数,可可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。setParams方法已过时(4.4.1版本)。
    4. 调用HttpGet、HttpPost对象的setHeader(String name, String value)方法设置header信息,或者调用setHeaders(Header[] headers)设置一组header信息。
    5. 调用CloseableHttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个CloseableHttpResponse。
    6. 调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容;调用CloseableHttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头。
    7. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接

    具体代码如下(HttpClient-4.4.1):

    /** 
     * 简单httpclient实例
     * 
     * @author arron
     * @date 2015年11月11日 下午6:36:49 
     * @version 1.0 
     */
    public class SimpleHttpClientDemo {
    
        /**
         * 模拟请求
         * 
         * @param url        资源地址
         * @param map    参数列表
         * @param encoding    编码
         * @return
         * @throws ParseException
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public static String send(String url, Map<String,String> map,String encoding) throws ParseException, IOException{
            String body = "";
    
            //创建httpclient对象
            CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            //创建post方式请求对象
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            
            //装填参数
            List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            if(map!=null){
                for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                    nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
                }
            }
            //设置参数到请求对象中
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, encoding));
    
            System.out.println("请求地址:"+url);
            System.out.println("请求参数:"+nvps.toString());
            
            //设置header信息
            //指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
            
            //执行请求操作,并拿到结果(同步阻塞)
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
            //获取结果实体
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
                body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encoding);
            }
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            //释放链接
            response.close();
            return body;
        }
    }

    对于HTTPS的访问,采取绕过证书的策略:

        /**
         * 绕过验证
         *     
         * @return
         * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 
         * @throws KeyManagementException 
         */
        public static SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
            SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSLv3");
    
            // 实现一个X509TrustManager接口,用于绕过验证,不用修改里面的方法
            X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
                @Override
                public void checkClientTrusted(
                        java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
                        String paramString) throws CertificateException {
                }
    
                @Override
                public void checkServerTrusted(
                        java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
                        String paramString) throws CertificateException {
                }
    
                @Override
                public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                    return null;
                }
            };
    
            sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);
            return sc;
        }

    然后修改原来的send方法:

        /**
         * 模拟请求
         * 
         * @param url        资源地址
         * @param map    参数列表
         * @param encoding    编码
         * @return
         * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 
         * @throws KeyManagementException 
         * @throws IOException 
         * @throws ClientProtocolException 
         */
        public static String send(String url, Map<String,String> map,String encoding) throws KeyManagementException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, ClientProtocolException, IOException {
            String body = "";
            //采用绕过验证的方式处理https请求
            SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();
            
            // 设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
            Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
                .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
                .build();
            PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
            HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);
    
            //创建自定义的httpclient对象
            CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
    //        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            
            //创建post方式请求对象
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            
            //装填参数
            List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            if(map!=null){
                for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                    nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
                }
            }
            //设置参数到请求对象中
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, encoding));
    
            System.out.println("请求地址:"+url);
            System.out.println("请求参数:"+nvps.toString());
            
            //设置header信息
            //指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
            
            //执行请求操作,并拿到结果(同步阻塞)
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
            //获取结果实体
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
                body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encoding);
            }
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            //释放链接
            response.close();
            return body;
        }

    但是,如果是自己用jdk或者其他工具生成的证书,还是希望用其他方式认证自签名的证书,这篇文章就来分享一下如何设置信任自签名的证书。当然你也可以参考官网示例中。

    要想信任自签名的证书,必须得知道密钥库的路径及密钥库的密码。然后加载到程序来才可以。具体代码如下:

        /**
         * 设置信任自签名证书
         *     
         * @param keyStorePath        密钥库路径
         * @param keyStorepass        密钥库密码
         * @return
         */
        public static SSLContext custom(String keyStorePath, String keyStorepass){
            SSLContext sc = null;
            FileInputStream instream = null;
            KeyStore trustStore = null;
            try {
                trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
                instream = new FileInputStream(new File(keyStorePath));
                trustStore.load(instream, keyStorepass.toCharArray());
                // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书
                sc = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
            } catch (KeyStoreException | NoSuchAlgorithmException| CertificateException | IOException | KeyManagementException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    instream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                }
            }
            return sc;
        }

    然后修改原来的send方法:

        /**
         * 模拟请求
         * 
         * @param url        资源地址
         * @param map    参数列表
         * @param encoding    编码
         * @return
         * @throws ParseException
         * @throws IOException
         * @throws KeyManagementException 
         * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 
         * @throws ClientProtocolException 
         */
        public static String send(String url, Map<String,String> map,String encoding) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
            String body = "";
            
            //tomcat是我自己的密钥库的密码,你可以替换成自己的
            //如果密码为空,则用"nopassword"代替
            SSLContext sslcontext = custom("D:\keys\wsriakey", "tomcat");
            
            // 设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
            Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
                .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
                .build();
            PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
            HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);
    
            //创建自定义的httpclient对象
            CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
    //        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            
            //创建post方式请求对象
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            
            //装填参数
            List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            if(map!=null){
                for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                    nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
                }
            }
            //设置参数到请求对象中
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, encoding));
    
            System.out.println("请求地址:"+url);
            System.out.println("请求参数:"+nvps.toString());
            
            //设置header信息
            //指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
            
            //执行请求操作,并拿到结果(同步阻塞)
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
            //获取结果实体
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
                body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encoding);
            }
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            //释放链接
            response.close();
            return body;
        }
  • 相关阅读:
    Educational Codeforces Round 78 (Rated for Div. 2)
    Codeforces Round #606 (Div. 2, based on Technocup 2020 Elimination Round 4)
    Codeforces Round #604 (Div. 2)
    Codeforces Round #603 (Div. 2)
    Educational Codeforces Round 77 (Rated for Div. 2)
    一个逆向的问题
    cppcheck,今天下载了这个软件,准备研究学习一下了
    SQL 显错注入的基本步骤
    OD打印保存执行的汇编指令的脚本
    没事还是不要算卦得好
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Mr-Rocker/p/6229652.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看