九. 系统配置
1. 安装 LFS-Bootscripts-20150222
软件包包含一套在 LFS 系统启动和关闭时的启动和停止脚本。
cd /sources
tar -jxf lfs-bootscripts-20150222.tar.bz2
cd lfs-bootscripts-20150222
make install
cd /sources
rm -rf lfs-bootscripts-20150222
2. 管理网络设备
# 运行以下命令,创建网络设备 Udev 规则
bash /lib/udev/init-net-rules.sh
# 查看生成的规则
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
3. 配置系统主机名称
echo "lfs" > /etc/hostname
4. 创建 /etc/hosts
文件
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cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF" # Begin /etc/hosts (network card version) 127.0.0.1 localhost # End /etc/hosts (network card version) EOF
5. 配置 Sysvinit
内核初始化期间,第一个运行的程序默认是SysVinit,这个程序读取/etc/inittab
文件
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cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S
l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600
# End /etc/inittab
EOF
6. 安装 PiLFS-Bootscripts-20160219
软件包包含脚本的集合,以及针对树莓派硬件的一些修复
cd /sources
tar -Jxf pilfs-bootscripts-20160219.tar.xz
cd pilfs-bootscripts-20160219
make install-networkfix install-swapfix install-fake-hwclock install-switch-cpu-governor
cd /sources
rm -rf pilfs-bootscripts-20160219
7. Bash 启动文件
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cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
# End /etc/profile
EOF
8. 创建 /etc/inputrc 文件
inputrc
文件的作用是告知系统应该以怎样的键盘布局处理键盘
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cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net>
# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off
# Enable 8bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On
# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off
# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On
# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none
# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"eOd": backward-word
"eOc": forward-word
# for linux console
"e[1~": beginning-of-line
"e[4~": end-of-line
"e[5~": beginning-of-history
"e[6~": end-of-history
"e[3~": delete-char
"e[2~": quoted-insert
# for xterm
"eOH": beginning-of-line
"eOF": end-of-line
# for Konsole
"e[H": beginning-of-line
"e[F": end-of-line
# End /etc/inputrc
EOF
9. 创建 /etc/shells 文件
shells
文件是当前系统所有可用 shell 的列表文件
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cat > /etc/shells << "EOF" # Begin /etc/shells /bin/sh /bin/bash # End /etc/shells EOF
10. LFS官方文档中还包含了其它可选配置,可按需添加
十. 让LFS系统可引导
1. 创建 /etc/fstab 文件
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cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF" # Begin /etc/fstab # file system mount-point type options dump fsck # order /dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot vfat defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk0p2 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1 proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0 devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0 # End /etc/fstab EOF
2. 编译安装内核
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mkdir /mnt/boot mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot cd /sources tar -zxf rpi-4.4.y.tar.gz cd linux-rpi-4.4.y make mrproper sed -i 's/EXTRAVERSION =.*/EXTRAVERSION = +/' Makefile make bcm2709_defconfig make make modules_install cp -v arch/arm/boot/zImage /boot/kernel7.img cp -v arch/arm/boot/dts/bcm2709-rpi-2-b.dtb /boot/ cp -v arch/arm/boot/dts/bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb /boot/ cp -v arch/arm/boot/dts/bcm2710-rpi-cm3.dtb /boot/ umount /mnt/boot
十一. 最后
1. 创建 /etc/lfs-release
文件
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cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF" DISTRIB_ID="Pi Linux From Scratch" DISTRIB_RELEASE="7.10" DISTRIB_CODENAME="kevin" DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Pi Linux From Scratch" EOF
2. 安装 OpenSSH
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# openssh依赖于openssl库,先安装openssl cd /sources tar -zxf openssl-1.0.2h.tar.gz cd openssl-1.0.2h ./config --prefix=/usr --openssldir=/etc/ssl --libdir=lib shared zlib-dynamic && make depend && make make MANDIR=/usr/share/man MANSUFFIX=ssl install && install -dv -m755 /usr/share/doc/openssl-1.0.2h && cp -vfr doc/* /usr/share/doc/openssl-1.0.2h cd /sources rm -rf openssl-1.0.2h # 安装openssh cd /sources tar -zxf openssh-7.3p1.tar.gz cd openssh-7.3p1 install -v -m700 -d /var/lib/sshd && chown -v root:sys /var/lib/sshd && groupadd -g 50 sshd && useradd -c 'sshd PrivSep' -d /var/lib/sshd -g sshd -s /bin/false -u 50 sshd ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh --with-md5-passwords --with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd && make make install && install -v -m755 contrib/ssh-copy-id /usr/bin && install -v -m644 contrib/ssh-copy-id.1 /usr/share/man/man1 && install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/openssh-7.3p1 && install -v -m644 INSTALL LICENCE OVERVIEW README* /usr/share/doc/openssh-7.3p1 cd /sources rm -rf openssh-7.3p1 # 系统启动时开启ssh服务 cd /sources tar -Jxf blfs-bootscripts-20160902.tar.xz cd blfs-bootscripts-20160902 make install-sshd cd /sources rm -rf blfs-bootscripts-20160902
3. 安装 dhcpcd
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cd /sources tar -Jxf dhcpcd-6.11.3.tar.xz cd dhcpcd-6.11.3 ./configure --libexecdir=/lib/dhcpcd --dbdir=/var/lib/dhcpcd && make make install cd /sources rm -rf dhcpcd-6.11.3 #安装dhcpcd服务,网络断掉时执行hook脚本 cd /sources tar -Jxf blfs-bootscripts-20160902.tar.xz cd blfs-bootscripts-20160902 make install-service-dhcpcd cd /sources rm -rf blfs-bootscripts-20160902
4. 安装 wpa_supplicant
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# wpa_supplicant依赖于libnl-3库,先安装libnl-3 cd /sources tar -zxf libnl-3.2.28.tar.gz cd libnl-3.2.28 ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --disable-static && make make install cd /sources rm -rf libnl-3.2.28 # 安装wpa_supplicant cd /sources tar -zxf wpa_supplicant-2.5.tar.gz cd wpa_supplicant-2.5 cat > wpa_supplicant/.config << "EOF" CONFIG_BACKEND=file CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE=y CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE=y CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG=y CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG_FACILITY=LOG_DAEMON CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y CONFIG_DRIVER_WEXT=y CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y CONFIG_EAP_LEAP=y CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y CONFIG_EAP_OTP=y CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y CONFIG_IPV6=y CONFIG_LIBNL32=y CONFIG_PEERKEY=y CONFIG_PKCS12=y CONFIG_READLINE=y CONFIG_SMARTCARD=y CONFIG_WPS=y CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/libnl3 EOF cd wpa_supplicant && make BINDIR=/sbin LIBDIR=/lib install -v -m755 wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant} /sbin/ && install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_supplicant.conf.5 /usr/share/man/man5/ && install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant}.8 /usr/share/man/man8/ cd /sources rm -rf wpa_supplicant-2.5 # 系统启动时自动加载wpa服务 cd /sources tar -Jxf blfs-bootscripts-20160902.tar.xz cd blfs-bootscripts-20160902 make install-service-wpa cd /sources rm -rf blfs-bootscripts-20160902
5. 网络配置:复制到命令行执行前,记得把中文注释去掉,否则会出错
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# 有线网络配置 cat > /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF" ONBOOT="no" IFACE="eth0" # 静态IP SERVICE="ipv4-static" IP="192.168.1.2" # 网关 GATEWAY="192.168.1.1" # 子网掩码 PREFIX="24" # 广播域 BROADCAST="192.168.1.255" # 动态IP #SERVICE="dhcpcd" # -b background 后台运行 # -q quite 消息仍被记录,但是只有告警或错误的信息被打印 #DHCP_START="-b -q" # -k release 退出前释放租期 #DHCP_STOP="-k" EOF # 无线网络配置 cat > /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.wlan0 << "EOF" ONBOOT="no" IFACE="wlan0" SERVICE="wpa" # Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant WPA_ARGS="" # 动态IP WPA_SERVICE="dhcpcd" DHCP_START="-b -q" DHCP_STOP="-k" # 静态IP #WPA_SERVICE="ipv4-static" #IP="192.168.1.2" #GATEWAY="192.168.1.1" #PREFIX="24" #BROADCAST="192.168.1.255" EOF # WIFI配置 cat > /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf << "EOF" network={ ssid="WiFi-name1" psk="WiFi-password1" priority=5 } EOF
6. 安装WIFI固件
RPi3 内置 WiFi 驱动 brcmfmac,需要二进制固件包
brcmfmac43430-sdio.bin
和配置文件
brcmfmac43430-sdio.txt 才能正确地运行。点击此 找到并下载这两个文件,
并放到 /lib/firmware/brcm/ 文件夹下,没有该文件夹则创建。
7. 卸载文件系统
logout
umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/run
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys
rm -rf $LFS/sources
umount -v $LFS
十二. 如何将PiLFS做成TF卡镜像
1. 需要一台装有Linux系统的PC机
2. 利用 gparted 格式化并重新划分U盘:
/dev/sda1 100M FAT32 boot分区
/dev/sda2 900M EXT4 PiLFS分区
3. 进入 /dev/mmcblk0p1 分区,将除 dtb 格式外的文件全部复制到 /dev/sda1 分区下
4. 执行 sudo fdisk -u -l /dev/sda 命令,查看硬件的分区情况,start和end中数字的单位是512字节
5. 利用dd命令将U盘做成镜像:
dd if=/dev/sda of=piLfs-7.10-linux-4.4.img bs=512 count=[fdisk命令中最大的end数+1]