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  • shiro简单入门介绍

    shiro是apache的一个java安全框架

    可以完成认证,授权,加密,会话管理,基于web继承,缓存等

    功能简介:

     从外部来看:

     

    shiro架构

     Subject:主体,代表了当前“用户”,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等;即一个抽象概念;所有Subject都绑定到SecurityManager,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager;可以把Subject认为是一个门面;SecurityManager才是实际的执行者;

    SecurityManager:安全管理器;即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SecurityManager交互;且它管理着所有Subject;可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与后边介绍的其他组件进行交互,如果学习过SpringMVC,你可以把它看成DispatcherServlet前端控制器;
    Realm:域,Shiro从从Realm获取安全数据(如用户、角色、权限),就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份,那么它需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较以确定用户身份是否合法;也需要从Realm得到用户相应的角色/权限进行验证用户是否能进行操作;可以把Realm看成DataSource,即安全数据源。

     从内部看:

     

    Subject:主体,可以看到主体可以是任何可以与应用交互的“用户”;

    SecurityManager相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet或者Struts2中的FilterDispatcher;是Shiro的心脏;所有具体的交互都通过SecurityManager进行控制;它管理着所有Subject、且负责进行认证和授权、及会话、缓存的管理。
    Authenticator:认证器,负责主体认证的,这是一个扩展点,如果用户觉得Shiro默认的不好,可以自定义实现;其需要认证策略(Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
    Authrizer:授权器,或者访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的哪些功能;
    Realm:可以有1个或多个Realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的;可以是JDBC实现,也可以是LDAP实现,或者内存实现等等;由用户提供;注意:Shiro不知道你的用户/权限存储在哪及以何种格式存储;所以我们一般在应用中都需要实现自己的Realm;
    SessionManager:如果写过Servlet就应该知道Session的概念,Session呢需要有人去管理它的生命周期,这个组件就是SessionManager;而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用在如普通的JavaSE环境、EJB等环境;所有呢,Shiro就抽象了一个自己的Session来管理主体与应用之间交互的数据;这样的话,比如我们在Web环境用,刚开始是一台Web服务器;接着又上了台EJB服务器;这时想把两台服务器的会话数据放到一个地方,这个时候就可以实现自己的分布式会话(如把数据放到Memcached服务器);
    SessionDAO:DAO大家都用过,数据访问对象,用于会话的CRUD,比如我们想把Session保存到数据库,那么可以实现自己的SessionDAO,通过如JDBC写到数据库;比如想把Session放到Memcached中,可以实现自己的Memcached SessionDAO;另外SessionDAO中可以使用Cache进行缓存,以提高性能;
    CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户、角色、权限等的缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少去改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能
    Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件用于如密码加密/解密的。

    下载地址:

    http://shiro.apache.org/download.html

     HellowWord:

    package cn.com.MrChengs.helloword;
    /*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    *
    * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
    * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
    * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
    * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
    * specific language governing permissions and limitations
    * under the License.
    */
    
    import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
    import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
    import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
    import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
    import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
    import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
    import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    
    
    /**
    * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
    *
    * @since 0.9 RC2
    */
    public class Quickstart {
    
        private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);
    
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
            // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
            // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
            // return a SecurityManager instance:
    
            // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
            // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
            Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
            SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
    
            // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
            // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this
            // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
            // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
            // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
            // for things.
            SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
    
            // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:
    
            // get the currently executing user:
            //获取当前的subject
            //调用SecurityUtils.getSubject();
            Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
    
            // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
            //测试使用session
            //首先获取session:currentUser.getSession();
            //
            Session session = currentUser.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
            String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
            if (value.equals("aValue")) {
                log.info("--->Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
            }
    
            // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
            //测试当前用户是否已经被认证,即是否已经登陆
            //调用subject的isAuthenticated()
            
            
            if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
                //把用户名和密码封装为UsernamePasswordToken对象
                UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
                token.setRememberMe(true);
                try {
                    //执行登陆
                    currentUser.login(token);
                }
                //若没有指定的消息,则shiro会抛出UnknownAccountException异常
                catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                    log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
                }
                //若账户存在,但是密码不匹配则抛出IncorrectCredentialsException
                catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                    log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
                }
                //用户被锁定的异常
                catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                    log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                            "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
                }
                // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
                //所有认证时的异常父类
                catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                    //unexpected condition?  error?
                }
            }
    
            //say who they are:
            //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
            log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
    
            //test a role:
            //测试是否有某一个角色
            if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
                log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
            } else {
                log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
            }
    
            //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
            //测试是否具有某一个行为
            if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {
                log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
            } else {
                log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
            }
    
            //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
            //测试用户是否具备某一个行为
            if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
                log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                        "Here are the keys - have fun!");
            } else {
                log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
            }
    
            //all done - log out!
            //执行登出
            currentUser.logout();
    }

    运行即可体验shiro的简单功能....

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Mrchengs/p/9975602.html
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