图书管理系统增删改查

描述： 图书管理系统简单实现增删改查，实例如下

               

1.  框架整体目录结构

                           

       （1）建立templates，存放html文件

　　（2）建立statics目录结构，存放js，css，plugins等

　　（3）配置booksys/urls.py

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

　　

2. 连接数据库配置，模块目录，静态文件等配置

　　主要配置标红的地方

import os
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app1.apps.App1Config',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',      #先注释
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'booksys.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates")],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'booksys.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
        'NAME':'booksys',
        'USER': 'root',  # 连接数据库的用户名
        'PASSWORD': 'REDHAT',  # 连接数据库的密码
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # IP地址
        'POST': 3306,  # 端口号
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "statics")
]

3. model文件迁移

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
	title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=9, decimal_places=2)
	pub_date = models.DateField()
	# 收藏数 临时加字段,设置默认值,防止为空报错行为
	keepnum = models.IntegerField(default=100)
	# 点赞数 临时加字段,设置默认值,防止为空报错行为
	zannum = models.IntegerField(default=101)

	# ForeignKey会生成字段publisher_id实现一对多
	publisher = models.ForeignKey("Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

	# ManyToManyField会创建第三张表Book_authors实现多对多的关系
	authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")

class Publish(models.Model):
	name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	email = models.CharField(max_length=32)

	# 打印对象返回的是出版社的名字
	def __str__(self):
		return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
	# books = models.ManyToManyField("Book")
	name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	# OneToOneField会创建一个唯一约束字段ad_id字段实现一对一关系
	ad = models.OneToOneField("AuthorDetail", on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
	addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	gf = models.CharField(max_length=32)

　　【modes迁移及数据库配置】

## python manage.py makemigrations
## python manage.py migrate

　　

　　【查询生成的表结构】：迁移完成查看数据库表结构，数据库数据自行录入

         

4. 建立增删改查html文件

　　　　HTML文件先提前写好，下面有相关html原代码：

            

  【add.html】

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

</head>
<body>


<h3>添加书籍</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <form action="/book/add/" method="post">
			
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="title">书籍名称</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="title" placeholder="title" name="title">
                </div>
				
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="price">价格</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="price" placeholder="price" name="price">
                </div>
				
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="date">出版日期</label>
                    <input type="date" class="form-control" id="date" placeholder="date" name="pub_date">
                </div>


                <div class="form-group">
                     <label for="publisher">出版社</label>
					 <!-- 单选下拉框 -->
                    <select name="publisher_id" id="publisher" class="form-control">
                         {% for publish in publish_list %}
                          <option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name  }}</option>
                         {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                     <label for="authors">作者</label>
					<!-- multiple 多选下拉框 -->
                    <select name="author_ids" id="authors" class="form-control" multiple>
                        {% for author in author_list %}
                        <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                </div>


                <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success pull-right" value="提交数据1" />
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



</body>
</html>

　【delete.html】

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

</head>
<body>
<h3>删除页面</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
             <table class="table table-striped">

                <tbody>

                    <tr>

                        <td>{{ data.title }}</td>
                        <td>{{ data.price }}</td>
                        <td>{{ data.pub_date|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td>
                        <td>{{ data.publisher.name }}</td>
                        <td>
                            {% for author in data.authors.all %}
                            <span class="btn-sm btn-success">{{ author.name }}</span>
                            {% endfor %}
                        </td>

                    </tr>


                </tbody>
            </table>
            <form action="/book/delete/{{ data.pk }}/" method="post">
                <button class="btn-danger">确认删除?</button>
            </form>

        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

　　【edit.html】

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

</head>
<body>


<h3>编辑书籍</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <form action="/book/edit/{{ data.pk }}/" method="post">
				<div class="form-group">
					<label for="title">书籍名称</label>
				<input type="text" class="form-control" id="title" placeholder="title" name="title" value="{{ data.title }}">
				</div>
				<div class="form-group">
					<label for="price">价格</label>
					<input type="text" class="form-control" id="price" placeholder="price" name="price" value="{{ data.price }}">
				</div>
				<div class="form-group">
					<label for="date">出版日期</label>
					<input type="date" class="form-control" id="date" placeholder="date" name="pub_date" value="{{ data.pub_date |date:'Y-m-d'}}">
				</div>

				<div class="form-group">
					<label for="publisher">出版社</label>
					<select name="publisher_id" id="publisher" class="form-control">
                        {% for publish in pulish_list %}
                            {% if data.publisher == publish %}
						    <option value="{{ publish.pk }}"  selected>{{ publish.name }}</option>
                            {%else %}
                            <option value="{{ publish.pk }}"  >{{ publish.name }}</option>
                            {%endif%}
                        {% endfor %}
					</select>
				</div>

				<div class="form-group">
					<label for="authors">作者</label>
					<select name="author_ids" id="authors" class="form-control" multiple>
                        {% for author in author_list %}
                            {% if author in author_list %}
						        <option value="{{ author.pk }}" selected>{{ author.name }}</option>
                                {% else %}
						        <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                            {% endif %}
                        {% endfor %}
					</select>
				</div>
				<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success pull-right">提交数据</button>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



</body>
</html>

　　【index.html】首页

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
     <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

</head>
<body>
<h3>查看所有书籍</h3>


<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <a href="/book/add/" class="btn btn-primary">添加书籍</a>
            <table class="table table-striped">
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                      <th>序号</th>
                      <th>书籍名称</th>
                      <th>价格</th>
                      <th>出版日期</th>
                      <th>出版社</th>
                      <th>作者</th>
                      <th>操作</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    {% for data in book_list %}
                    <tr>
                        <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                        <td>{{ data.title }}</td>
                        <td>{{ data.price }}</td>
                        <td>{{ data.pub_date |date:'Y-m-d'}}</td>
                        <td>{{ data.publisher.name }}</td>
                        <td>
                            {% for author in data.authors.all %}
                            <span class="btn-sm btn-success"> {{ author.name }} </span>
                            {% endfor %}
                        </td>
                        <td>
                            <a class="btn-sm btn-warning" href="/book/edit/{{ data.pk }}">编辑</a>
                            <a class="btn-sm btn-danger" href="/book/delete/{{ data.pk }}">删除</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                    {% endfor %}
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

　

5. url 路由配置

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('book/index/',views.index),
    path('book/add/',views.add),
    # path('book/edit/',views.edit),
    re_path('book/delete/(d+)/',views.delete),
    re_path('book/edit/(d+)/',views.edit),
]

6. views文件配置，附有增删改查

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app1.models import Book,Publish,Author,AuthorDetail
from django.http import JsonResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    book_list = Book.objects.all()
    return render(request, "index.html", {"book_list": book_list})

def add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        author_list = Author.objects.all()
        print(author_list)
        return render(request, "add.html",{"publish_list":publish_list,"author_list":author_list })
    elif request.method == "POST":
        dic = request.POST.dict()
        lst = request.POST.getlist("author_ids")
        dic.pop("author_ids")
        data = Book.objects.create(**dic)
        data.authors.add(*lst)
        res = data.authors.filter().count()
        if data.id and res:
            return redirect("/book/index/")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("添加失败")
        # return HttpResponse("add ok")

def delete(request,del_id):
	if request.method == "GET":
		data = Book.objects.get(pk=del_id)
		return render(request,"delete.html",{"data":data})
	elif request.method == "POST":
		# 查询单条数据
		data = Book.objects.filter(id=del_id)
		# 删除 , 返回删除的条数
		res = data.delete()
		print(res)
		if res:
			return redirect("/book/index/")
		else:
			return HttpResponse("删除失败了")

def edit(request,edit_id):
    if request.method == "GET":
        data = Book.objects.get(pk=edit_id)
        pulish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        author_list = Author.objects.all()
        return render(request, "edit.html", locals())
    elif request.method == "POST":
        dic = request.POST.dict()
        author_ids = request.POST.getlist("author_ids")
        dic.pop("author_ids")
        data = Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_id)
        res = data.update(**dic)  # 简写
        print(res)
        # return HttpResponse("edit ok")

        data = Book.objects.get(pk=edit_id)
        data.authors.set(author_ids)
        res2 = data.authors.filter().count()
        if res and res2:
            return redirect("/book/index/")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("编辑失败")

def index1(request):
    return render(request, "index1.html")

def ajax_sum(request):
    num1 = request.POST.get("num1")
    num2 = request.POST.get("num2")
    ret = {'status': 1, "msg": None}
    # print(type(num1), num2)

    total = int(num1) + int(num2)
    ret['msg'] = total

    # return HttpResponse(total)
    return JsonResponse(ret)

7. 测试程序

　　【增加图书操作】

　　　　（1）点击“添加书籍”按钮

　　                           

       

 　　　　（2）出现添加书籍页面，输入相关数据即可，添加成功自动会跳转到首页

                                 

 　　

　　【测试delete】

　　　　　　　　（1）点击任意一个“删除按钮” ---点击777777777书籍的删除按钮

　　                       

 　　　　　　　　（2）进入一个删除确认按钮

                              

 　　　　　　　　（3）删除成功会跳转到首页，此时首页查询无777777777这本书 

　　                     

　　【编辑edit】

　　　　　　　　（1）点击11这本书的编辑按钮

                             

 　　　　　　　　（2）出现1名称书籍的所有编辑书籍信息

                            

 　　　　　　　　（3）修改点击提交书籍即可修改数据完成