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  • 【Linux】创建逻辑卷管理(LVM)

    LVM是对磁盘进行分区管理的机制。LVM有很多优点:在线扩容,跨磁盘分区......,缺点:管理相对麻烦。创建LVM的过程如下:

     

    LVM是基于普通分区或者整块硬盘来进行的。我们首先把这些存储转换为PV(physical volumn 物理卷),其次把PV加入到VG(volumn group 卷组),再从卷组中划分LV(logical volumn 逻辑卷),然后把LV格式化为文件系统,最后挂载使用。

    实验描述:使用sdb、sdc两块硬盘配置LVM

    实验过程:

    一、配置PV物理卷

    1.查看磁盘情况

    [root@lgr ~]# fdisk -l

     

    Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders

    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

     

       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

    /dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux

    /dev/sda2              14         535     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris

    /dev/sda3             536        5221    37640295   83  Linux

     

    Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

     

    Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

     

    Disk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

     

    Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

     

    2.对sdb、sdc进行分区(我这里把sdb、sdc各只分了一个主分区)

    [root@lgr ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

    content won't be recoverable.

     

    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

     

    Command (m for help): n

    Command action

       e   extended

       p   primary partition (1-4)

    p

    Partition number (1-4): 1

    First cylinder (1-652, default 1):

    Using default value 1

    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652):

    Using default value 652

     

    Command (m for help): w

    The partition table has been altered!

     

    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

     

    WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

    The kernel still uses the old table.

    The new table will be used at the next reboot.

    Syncing disks.

    [root@lgr ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

    content won't be recoverable.

     

    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

     

    Command (m for help): n

    Command action

       e   extended

       p   primary partition (1-4)

    p

    Partition number (1-4): 1

    First cylinder (1-652, default 1):

    Using default value 1

    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652):

    Using default value 652

     

    Command (m for help): w

    The partition table has been altered!

     

    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

    Syncing disks.

     

    3.分区 system格式为linux LVM

    [root@lgr ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

     

    Command (m for help): t

    Selected partition 1

    Hex code (type L to list codes):8e

    Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

     

    Command (m for help): w

    The partition table has been altered!

     

    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

    Syncing disks.

    [root@lgr ~]#

    [root@lgr ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

     

    Command (m for help): t

    Selected partition 1

    Hex code (type L to list codes):8e

    Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

     

    Command (m for help): w

    The partition table has been altered!

     

    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

    Syncing disks.

    [root@lgr ~]#

    [root@lgr ~]# fdisk -l

     

    Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders

    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

     

       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

    /dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux

    /dev/sda2              14         535     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris

    /dev/sda3             536        5221    37640295   83  Linux

     

    Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

     

       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

    /dev/sdb1               1         652     5237158+  8e  Linux LVM

     

    Disk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

     

       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

    /dev/sdc1               1         652     5237158+  8e  Linux LVM

     

    4.创建物理卷PV

    [root@lgr ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

      Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

    [root@lgr ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1

      Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created

    [root@lgr ~]# pvs

      PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize PFree

      /dev/sdb1       lvm2 a-   4.99G 4.99G

      /dev/sdc1       lvm2 a-   4.99G 4.99G

    [root@lgr ~]# pvdisplay

      --- Physical volume ---

      PV Name               /dev/sdb1

      VG Name               vgdata

      PV Size               4.99 GB / not usable 2.41 MB

      Allocatable           yes

      PE Size (KByte)       4096

      Total PE              1278

      Free PE               1278

      Allocated PE          0

      PV UUID               yGtlcJ-EVvu-ZRXA-RKhh-xGz7-Br8K-By2zdr

       

      --- Physical volume ---

      PV Name               /dev/sdc1

      VG Name               vgdata

      PV Size               4.99 GB / not usable 2.41 MB

      Allocatable           yes

      PE Size (KByte)       4096

      Total PE              1278

      Free PE               1278

      Allocated PE          0

      PV UUID               DzbU8c-3gZ7-8dup-mAH1-K4Vn-hHU9-Jfimtl

     

     

    二、创建卷组VG

    创建命令:vgcreate   VG名称   PV绝对路径

    [root@lgr ~]# vgcreate vgdata /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

      Volume group "vgdata" successfully created

    [root@lgr ~]# vgs

      VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree

      vgdata   2   0   0 wz--n- 9.98G 9.98G

    [root@lgr ~]# vgdisplay

      --- Volume group ---

      VG Name               vgdata

      System ID             

      Format                lvm2

      Metadata Areas        2

      Metadata Sequence No  1

      VG Access             read/write

      VG Status             resizable

      MAX LV                0

      Cur LV                0

      Open LV               0

      Max PV                0

      Cur PV                2

      Act PV                2

      VG Size               9.98 GB

      PE Size               4.00 MB

      Total PE              2556

      Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   

      Free  PE / Size       2556 / 9.98 GB

      VG UUID               qR2txF-XLix-1BYn-ei9A-KFjZ-0kcA-4fITDn

     

    三、创建逻辑卷LV

    创建命令:lvcreate {选项} 卷组名

    一般为:lvcreate -L 【size】 【lvname】【vgname】

    创建一个5G的名为lv1的逻辑卷:

    [root@lgr ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n lv1 vgdata

      Logical volume "lv1" created

    [root@lgr ~]# lvs

      LV   VG     Attr   LSize Origin Snap%  Move Log Copy%  Convert

      lv1  vgdata -wi-a- 5.00G                                      

    [root@lgr ~]# lvdisplay

      --- Logical volume ---

      LV Name                /dev/vgdata/lv1

      VG Name                vgdata

      LV UUID                vcJTYO-IHkM-k7ju-x8C1-jmCR-pVKN-3dO5Dm

      LV Write Access        read/write

      LV Status              available

      # open                 0

      LV Size                5.00 GB

      Current LE             1280

      Segments               2

      Allocation             inherit

      Read ahead sectors     auto

      - currently set to     256

      Block device           253:0

     

    四、格式化创建文件系统

    [root@lgr ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vgdata/lv1

    mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

    Filesystem label=

    OS type: Linux

    Block size=4096 (log=2)

    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

    655360 inodes, 1310720 blocks

    65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

    First data block=0

    Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280

    40 block groups

    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

    16384 inodes per group

    Superblock backups stored on blocks:

    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

     

    Writing inode tables: done                            

    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

     

    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or

    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

     

    五、挂载逻辑卷

    [root@lgr ~]# mkdir /u02

    [root@lgr ~]# mount /dev/vgdata/lv1 /u02

    [root@lgr ~]# df -h

    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

    /dev/sda3              35G   13G   21G  38% /

    /dev/sda1              99M   22M   73M  23% /boot

    tmpfs                 995M     0  995M   0% /dev/shm

    /dev/mapper/vgdata-lv1

                          5.0G  139M  4.6G   3% /u02


     


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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/NextAction/p/7366654.html
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