Environment Modules简单使用

Environment Modules简单使用

Environment Modules简介

Typically users initialize their environment when they log in by setting environment information for every application they will reference during the session. The Environment Modules package is a tool that simplify shell initialization and lets users easily modify their environment during the session with modulefiles.

下载安装

下载网址

安装步骤

$ INSTALL.txt

$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install

默认安装目录

/usr/local/Modules
├── bin
│   ├── add.modules
│   ├── envml
│   ├── mkroot
│   └── modulecmd
├── etc
│   └── siteconfig.tcl
├── init
│   ├── bash
│   ├── bash_completion
│   ├── cmake
│   ├── csh
│   ├── fish
│   ├── fish_completion
│   ├── ksh
│   ├── ksh-functions
│   ├── lisp
│   ├── modulerc
│   ├── perl.pm
│   ├── profile-compat.csh
│   ├── profile-compat.sh
│   ├── profile.csh
│   ├── profile.sh
│   ├── python.py
│   ├── r.R
│   ├── ruby.rb
│   ├── sh
│   ├── tcl
│   ├── tcsh
│   ├── tcsh_completion
│   ├── zsh
│   └── zsh-functions
├── lib
│   └── libtclenvmodules.so
├── libexec
│   ├── modulecmd-compat
│   └── modulecmd.tcl
├── modulefiles
│   ├── dot
│   ├── module-git
│   ├── module-info
│   ├── modules
│   └── gcc
└── share
    ├── doc
    └── vim

初始化

刚刚安装好的Environment Modules是没有module这条shell命令的
需要进行简单的配置source一下环境

• 在profile.d下建立软连接，执行下列语句

# 全局初始化（root执行）
$ cd /etc/profile.d
$ ln -s /usr/local/Modules/init/profile.sh  module-profile.sh
$ ln -s /usr/local/Modules/init/profile.csh module-profile.csh

# 本地shell初始化
# bash
$ echo "source /usr/local/Modules/init/profile.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc

# csh/tcsh
% echo "source /usr/local/Modules/init/tcsh" >> ~/.cshrc
% source ~/.cshrc

$ which module
module is a function
module () 
{ 
    _module_raw "$@" 2>&1
}

bash下支持自动补全

# 确认已经安装bash-completion
$ cd /etc/bash_completion.d
$ ln -s /usr/local/Modules/init/bash_completion modules-compliction.bash

csh/tcsh下支持自动补全

% echo "source /usr/local/Modules/init/tcsh_completion" >> ~/.cshrc

管理工具的不同版本

一个简单的例子

$ cd /usr/local/Modules/modulefiles
$ mkdir riscv_toolchain
$ cd riscv_toolchain
$ touch compile-version
$ touch freedomstudio-version

• compile-verison

#%Module1.0######################################################################

conflict        riscv_toolchain/freedomstudio-version

set             tool_home       /opt/riscv/toolchain
setenv          RISCV           $tool_home

append-path     PATH            $tool_home/bin
append-path     LIBRARY_PATH    $tool_home/lib
append-path     LD_LIBRARY_PATH $tool_home/lib
append-path     LD_INCLUDE_PATH $tool_home/include
append-path     MANPATH         $tool_home/share/man

• freedomstudio-verison

#%Module1.0######################################################################

conflict        riscv_toolchain/compile-version

set             tool_home       /opt/FreedomStudio/SiFive/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-8.3.0-2019.08.0
setenv          RISCV           $tool_home

append-path     PATH            $tool_home/bin
append-path     LIBRARY_PATH    $tool_home/lib
append-path     LD_LIBRARY_PATH $tool_home/lib
append-path     LD_INCLUDE_PATH $tool_home/include
append-path     MANPATH         $tool_home/share/man

依赖其他module的例子

#%Module1.0######################################################################

# conflict        sbt/

# 依赖于java环境，先加载此module
module load java/jdk-14.0.1

set              tool_home         /opt/scala/sbt-1.3.4

prepend-path     PATH              $tool_home/bin
prepend-path     LIBRARY_PATH      $tool_home/lib
prepend-path     LD_LIBRARY_PATH   $tool_home/lib

简单使用

$ module load riscv_toolchain/compile-version
$ which riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc is /opt/riscv/toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc

$ module load riscv_toolchain/freedomstudio-version 
Loading riscv_toolchain/freedomstudio-version
  ERROR: riscv_toolchain/freedomstudio-version cannot be loaded due to a conflict.
    HINT: Might try "module unload riscv_toolchain/compile-version" first.

$ module unload riscv_toolchain/compile-version 

$ module load riscv_toolchain/freedomstudio-version 
$ which riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc is /opt/FreedomStudio/SiFive/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-8.3.0-2019.08.0/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc

个人环境管理

~/privatemodules/ 与/usr/local/Modules/modulefiles一样可以包含local的环境设置

$ cd ~/
$ mkdir privatemodules/

自定义路径

增加module搜索的路径

# bash
$ export MODULEPATH=your_modulefiles_path_directory:$MODULEPATH

# csh
$ setenv MODULEPATH your_modulefiles_path_directory:$MODULEPATH

常用命令

命令	作用
module avail 或 module av	查看系统中可用的资源
module add 或 module load	加载模块
module rm 或 unload	卸载模块
module list 或 module li	显示已加载模块
module purge	卸载所有模块
module show	显示模块配置文件
module swap 或 module switch	将模块1 替换为 模块2
module help	查看具体软件的信息

参考资料

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[1].超算入门课程4 module命令使用教学
[2].Environment Modules
[3].Linux使用Moduler切换各种MPI环境
[4].Environment Modules