基于mosquitto的MQTT服务器---SSL/TLS 单向认证+双向认证

配置单/双向认证

1.生成证书

使用如下shell 来生成证书：

# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 
#   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 
#   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 
# * Neither the name of the axTLS project nor the names of its
 
#   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 
#   from this software without specific prior written permission.
 
#
 
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 
# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 
# TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
 
# OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 
# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
#
 
 
 
#
 
# Generate the certificates and keys for testing.
 
#
 
 
 
 
 
PROJECT_NAME="TLS Project"
 
 
 
# Generate the openssl configuration files.
 
cat > ca_cert.conf << EOF 
 
[ req ]
 
distinguished_name     = req_distinguished_name
 
prompt                 = no
 
 
 
[ req_distinguished_name ]
 
 O                      = $PROJECT_NAME Dodgy Certificate Authority
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > server_cert.conf << EOF 
 
[ req ]
 
distinguished_name     = req_distinguished_name
 
prompt                 = no
 
 
 
[ req_distinguished_name ]
 
 O                      = $PROJECT_NAME
 
 CN                     = 192.168.111.100
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > client_cert.conf << EOF 
 
[ req ]
 
distinguished_name     = req_distinguished_name
 
prompt                 = no
 
 
 
[ req_distinguished_name ]
 
 O                      = $PROJECT_NAME Device Certificate
 
 CN                     = 192.168.111.101
 
EOF
 
 
 
mkdir ca
 
mkdir server
 
mkdir client
 
mkdir certDER
 
 
 
# private key generation
 
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024
 
openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024
 
openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024
 
 
 
# cert requests
 
openssl req -out ca.req -key ca.key -new -config ./ca_cert.conf
 
openssl req -out server.req -key server.key -new -config ./server_cert.conf
 
openssl req -out client.req -key client.key -new -config ./client_cert.conf
 
 
 
# generate the actual certs.
 
openssl x509 -req -in ca.req -out ca.crt -sha1 -days 5000 -signkey ca.key
 
openssl x509 -req -in server.req -out server.crt -sha1 -CAcreateserial -days 5000  -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key
 
openssl x509 -req -in client.req -out client.crt -sha1 -CAcreateserial -days 5000  -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key
 
 
openssl x509 -in ca.crt -outform DER -out ca.der
 
openssl x509 -in server.crt -outform DER -out server.der
 
openssl x509 -in client.crt -outform DER -out client.der
 
 
 
mv ca.crt ca.key ca/
 
mv server.crt server.key server/
 
mv client.crt client.key client/
 
 
 
mv ca.der server.der client.der certDER/
 
 
 
rm *.conf
 
rm *.req
 
rm *.srl

将上述代码保存为makefile.sh

做如下修改，终端执行。

• 修改 CN 域中 IP 地址为你主机/设备的 IP 地址
• [可选]加密位数 1024 修改为你需要的加密位数

2. CA校验证书测试

进行如下测试，以验证证书是否可用：

$openssl verify -CAfile ca/ca.crt server/server.crt

$openssl verify -CAfile ca/ca.crt client/client.crt

3.配置单/双向认证

step 1.进入配置文件

sudo vim /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

step 2.找到 Default listener,在该栏下进行如下配置,再找到Certificate based SSL/TLS support字段.

port 8883

cafile /etc/mosquitto/CA/ca.crt

certfile /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.crt

keyfile /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.key

require_certificate true

use_identity_as_username true

根据自己路径不同配置校验文件路径，笔者是把文件放在/etc/mosquitto/CA/下

注意!!!

根据单向认证和双向认证需要，可能需修改的字段有：
a) port 8883 // MQTT服务器将选择此端口 listen
b) cafile /etc/mosquitto/CA/ca.crt

双向认证必须配置为你的CA证书
单向认证(通常认为是client校验server证书，下同)可选配置
单向认证中，server 和 client 端 ca 配置必须保持一致。即 server 若配置 ca.crt ,则 client 必须配置 ca.crt， server 不配置ca.crt ,client 也不可配置 ca.crt
路径必须为绝对路径！！！

c) certfile /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.crt
单项认证和双向认证都必须配置为你的server证书

d) keyfile /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.key
单项认证和双向认证都必须配置为你的server私钥

e) require_certificate true
单向认证需设置为 false,注释此行，默认也是 false

双向认证必须配置为true
f) use_identity_as_username true
单向认证设置为 false,注释此行，默认也是 false，注意设置为false，则需要用户名和密码鉴权，反之，则不需要
双向认证通常设置为true

step 3.重启服务

mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

如果提示端口被占用，先ps出mosquitto，再kill掉
ps -aux | grep "mosquitto"
kill -9 XXXXX

4.单双向切换

单向认证只需要注释两行即可:

#require_certificate true

#use_identity_as_username true

如下：

port 8883
cafile  /etc/mosquitto/CA/ca/ca.crt
certfile  /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.crt
keyfile  /etc/mosquitto/CA/server/server.key

5.同时打开单双向认证

step 1.
在先将/etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 文件按2.4节配置默认打开双向认证，再找到 Extra listener字段
进行如下配置，打开另一个端口用作单向认证

step 2.
再在该字段下找到Certificate based SSL/TLS support字段

step 3.重启服务
mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf

如果提示端口被占用，先ps出mosquitto，再kill掉
ps -aux | grep "mosquitto"
kill -9 XXXXX

6 验证

step 1.进入到CA证书目录下：

step 2.双向：
终端一：订阅
mosquitto_sub -h 10.30.11.47 -p 8883 -t "mqtt/server/topic" --cafile ./ca/ca.crt --cert ./client/client.crt --key ./client/client.key &

终端二：发布
mosquitto_pub -h 10.30.11.47 -p 8883 -t "mqtt/server/topic" -m "hello,world!" --cafile ./ca/ca.crt --cert ./server/server.crt --key ./server/server.key

step 3. 单向
终端一：订阅
mosquitto_sub -h 10.30.11.47 -p 8884 -t "mqtt/server/topic" --cafile ./ca/ca.crt &

终端二：发布
mosquitto_pub -h 10.30.11.47 -p 8884 -t "mqtt/server/topic" -m " hello,world!" --cafile ./ca/ca.crt