Python API 接口权限控制思路

需求：权限模块对各子系统拥有动态配置权限的能力，发现接口变化能力，权限认证能力等，因为各子系统相互独立，

所以需要使用统一的认证 JWT。

1、使用Django DRF权限模块，进行修改

import requests
from config import AUTHENTICATE_URL
from rest_framework import permissions
from rest_framework.exceptions import PermissionDenied, AuthenticationFailed

# URL(ViewSet) 权限配置
URL_PERMISSION = {
    "pipelines": {
        "test_pipeline": "account.dev_audit",
        "list": "account.test_audit",
        "create": "account.yw_audit",
        "retrieve": "",
    },
    # "sub_pipelines": {
    #     "test_pipeline": "account.dev_audit",
    #     "list": "account.test_audit",
    #     "create": "account.yw_audit",
    # }
}


class LoginPermission(permissions.BasePermission):
    """
    登录验证
    """

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        # Read permissions are allowed to any request,
        # so we'll always allow GET, HEAD or OPTIONS requests.
        # print(request.method)
        # if request.method == "POST":
        #     return False
        #
        #     # 只有该snippet的所有者才允许写权限。
        # return False

        token = request.META.get("HTTP_AUTHORIZATION", "").replace("JWT ", '')
        data = requests.post(AUTHENTICATE_URL + "/api/account/verify/", json={"token": token})
        if data.status_code != 404:
            raise AuthenticationFailed("登录验证失败")
        return True


class UrlPermission(permissions.BasePermission):
    """
    URL 权限验证
    """

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        # Read permissions are allowed to any request,
        # so we'll always allow GET, HEAD or OPTIONS requests.
        # print(request.method)
        # if request.method == "POST":
        #     return False
        #
        #     # 只有该snippet的所有者才允许写权限。
        # return False
        token = request.META.get("HTTP_AUTHORIZATION", "").replace("JWT ", '')
        print("==========通过视图的basename,action进行权限认证==========")
        print(view.basename, view.action)
        print("==========")
        if view.basename in URL_PERMISSION.keys():
            if view.action in URL_PERMISSION[view.basename].keys():
                print(URL_PERMISSION[view.basename][view.action])
                data = requests.post(AUTHENTICATE_URL + "/api/account/verify/",
                                     json={"token": token, "perm_code": URL_PERMISSION[view.basename][view.action]})
                if data.status_code != 404:
                    raise PermissionDenied("访问权限不合法")

        return True

2、设置权限全局生效

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["apps.permissions.Loginpermission", ]
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": [
        "apps.permissions.LoginPermission",
        "apps.permissions.UrlPermission",
    ]
}

如果需要局部权限，可以在相关视图集（ViewSet）下增加自己的权限模块

class PipelinesViewSet(BaseView):
    """
    流水线视图
    """
    queryset = Pipelines.objects.filter(is_del=0).order_by("update_time")
    serializer_class = PipelinesSerializer
    filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
    filter_fields = ('pipeline_name', 'pipeline_type')

    # permission_classes = ()  # 这里配置视图权限

    @action(methods=['post'], detail=True, permission_classes=[])  #这里配置接口权限
    def test_pipeline(self, request, pk=None):
        """
        测试流水线接口
        """
        instance = self.get_object()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
        return Response(self.object_return(serializer.data))

3、权限系统统一获取子系统接口，后期可以进行动态权限赋予

import coreapi

# Initialize a client & load the schema document
client = coreapi.Client()
schema = client.get("http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs/")

URL = []
# print(schema.data)
for basename, actions in schema.data.items():
    for action, atr in actions.links.items():
        URL_dict = {}
        URL_dict["basename"] = basename
        URL_dict["action"] = action
        URL_dict["method"] = atr.action
        URL_dict["url"] = atr.url
        URL_dict["description"] = atr.description
        URL.append(URL_dict)

for url in URL:
    print(url)

运行结果：这里收集视图集中的base_name、action以及method，

对接口权限进行精确定位，不受url变化影响, 这里的url只做相关描述展示：

{'basename': 'pipelines', 'action': 'list', 'method': 'get', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/apps/pipelines/', 'description': '流水线视图'}
{'basename': 'pipelines', 'action': 'create', 'method': 'post', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/apps/pipelines/', 'description': '流水线视图'}
{'basename': 'pipelines', 'action': 'read', 'method': 'get', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/apps/pipelines/{id}/', 'description': '流水线视图'}
{'basename': 'pipelines', 'action': 'update', 'method': 'put', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/apps/pipelines/{id}/', 'description': '流水线视图'}
{'basename': 'pipelines', 'action': 'partial_update', 'method': 'patch', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/apps/pipelines/{id}/', 'description': '流水线视图'}
{'basename': 'pipelines', 'action': 'delete', 'method': 'delete', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/apps/pipelines/{id}/', 'description': '流水线视图'}
{'basename': 'pipelines', 'action': 'test_pipeline', 'method': 'post', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/apps/pipelines/{id}/test_pipeline/', 'description': '测试流水线接口'}
{'basename': 'urlcollections', 'action': 'list', 'method': 'get', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/apps/urlcollections/', 'description': ''}
{'basename': 'urlcollections', 'action': 'create', 'method': 'post', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/apps/urlcollections/', 'description': ''}

前提：这里需要子系统开启API接口文档，通过接口文档获取接口详情

from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('docs/', include_docs_urls(title='API文档', authentication_classes=[], permission_classes=[])),
    path('apps/', include('apps.urls')),
]

以上，大概可以符合需求，URL可以读取接口导入权限系统，动态分配

java 也有比较好的接口权限细化管理的方案，如apache shiro.

　　大神改进版 ，开源地址：https://gitee.com/tomsun28/bootshiro

还有的是casbin ，支持多种语言，github地址：https://github.com/casbin/pycasbin

但是这个也是针对于单个系统，如果需要对各个子系统进行接口权限控制，也是需要一番改造。