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  • selenium+python环境的搭建的自动化测试

    一、安装python:
    我安装的是2.7.13版本的;可以在CMD下 运行python命令查看是否安装python,以及安装版本;
    https://www.python.org/getit/这个地址可以下装所需版本。
    安装完成后需要配置环境变量,path=……;python的安装目录

    二、setuptool安装(python 的基础包工具)

    http://www.mamicode.com/info-detail-74784.html 

    Python中setuptools做什么用的?

    http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools 这个是下载路径,一开始我也下载了,但是装得一塌糊涂。后来网上找到一篇教程,是直接通过直接python脚本自动完成setuptool的下载和安装。默认会找到 python 的安装路径,将安装到 Python 安装目录下的lib下的 site-package下 如D:Python27Libsite-packages 目录下

    脚本如下:(复制进xx.py文件里 保存 运行py文件即可)

    #!usr/bin/python
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    
    """
    Setuptools bootstrapping installer.
    
    Maintained at https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/tree/bootstrap.
    
    Run this script to install or upgrade setuptools.
    
    This method is DEPRECATED. Check https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/581 for more details.
    """
    
    import os
    import shutil
    import sys
    import tempfile
    import zipfile
    import optparse
    import subprocess
    import platform
    import textwrap
    import contextlib
    
    from distutils import log
    
    try:
        from urllib.request import urlopen
    except ImportError:
        from urllib2 import urlopen
    
    try:
        from site import USER_SITE
    except ImportError:
        USER_SITE = None
    
    # 33.1.1 is the last version that supports setuptools self upgrade/installation.
    DEFAULT_VERSION = "33.1.1"
    DEFAULT_URL = "https://pypi.io/packages/source/s/setuptools/"
    DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR = os.curdir
    DEFAULT_DEPRECATION_MESSAGE = "ez_setup.py is deprecated and when using it setuptools will be pinned to {0} since it's the last version that supports setuptools self upgrade/installation, check https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/581 for more info; use pip to install setuptools"
    
    MEANINGFUL_INVALID_ZIP_ERR_MSG = 'Maybe {0} is corrupted, delete it and try again.'
    
    log.warn(DEFAULT_DEPRECATION_MESSAGE.format(DEFAULT_VERSION))
    
    
    def _python_cmd(*args):
        """
        Execute a command.
    
        Return True if the command succeeded.
        """
        args = (sys.executable,) + args
        return subprocess.call(args) == 0
    
    
    def _install(archive_filename, install_args=()):
        """Install Setuptools."""
        with archive_context(archive_filename):
            # installing
            log.warn('Installing Setuptools')
            if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args):
                log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.')
                log.warn('See the error message above.')
                # exitcode will be 2
                return 2
    
    
    def _build_egg(egg, archive_filename, to_dir):
        """Build Setuptools egg."""
        with archive_context(archive_filename):
            # building an egg
            log.warn('Building a Setuptools egg in %s', to_dir)
            _python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir)
        # returning the result
        log.warn(egg)
        if not os.path.exists(egg):
            raise IOError('Could not build the egg.')
    
    
    class ContextualZipFile(zipfile.ZipFile):
    
        """Supplement ZipFile class to support context manager for Python 2.6."""
    
        def __enter__(self):
            return self
    
        def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
            self.close()
    
        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
            """Construct a ZipFile or ContextualZipFile as appropriate."""
            if hasattr(zipfile.ZipFile, '__exit__'):
                return zipfile.ZipFile(*args, **kwargs)
            return super(ContextualZipFile, cls).__new__(cls)
    
    
    @contextlib.contextmanager
    def archive_context(filename):
        """
        Unzip filename to a temporary directory, set to the cwd.
    
        The unzipped target is cleaned up after.
        """
        tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
        old_wd = os.getcwd()
        try:
            os.chdir(tmpdir)
            try:
                with ContextualZipFile(filename) as archive:
                    archive.extractall()
            except zipfile.BadZipfile as err:
                if not err.args:
                    err.args = ('', )
                err.args = err.args + (
                    MEANINGFUL_INVALID_ZIP_ERR_MSG.format(filename),
                )
                raise
    
            # going in the directory
            subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
            os.chdir(subdir)
            log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
            yield
    
        finally:
            os.chdir(old_wd)
            shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
    
    
    def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):
        """Download Setuptools."""
        py_desig = 'py{sys.version_info[0]}.{sys.version_info[1]}'.format(sys=sys)
        tp = 'setuptools-{version}-{py_desig}.egg'
        egg = os.path.join(to_dir, tp.format(**locals()))
        if not os.path.exists(egg):
            archive = download_setuptools(version, download_base,
                to_dir, download_delay)
            _build_egg(egg, archive, to_dir)
        sys.path.insert(0, egg)
    
        # Remove previously-imported pkg_resources if present (see
        # https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/pull-request/7/ for details).
        if 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules:
            _unload_pkg_resources()
    
        import setuptools
        setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg
    
    
    def use_setuptools(
            version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
            to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, download_delay=15):
        """
        Ensure that a setuptools version is installed.
    
        Return None. Raise SystemExit if the requested version
        or later cannot be installed.
        """
        to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
    
        # prior to importing, capture the module state for
        # representative modules.
        rep_modules = 'pkg_resources', 'setuptools'
        imported = set(sys.modules).intersection(rep_modules)
    
        try:
            import pkg_resources
            pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=" + version)
            # a suitable version is already installed
            return
        except ImportError:
            # pkg_resources not available; setuptools is not installed; download
            pass
        except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
            # no version of setuptools was found; allow download
            pass
        except pkg_resources.VersionConflict as VC_err:
            if imported:
                _conflict_bail(VC_err, version)
    
            # otherwise, unload pkg_resources to allow the downloaded version to
            #  take precedence.
            del pkg_resources
            _unload_pkg_resources()
    
        return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
    
    
    def _conflict_bail(VC_err, version):
        """
        Setuptools was imported prior to invocation, so it is
        unsafe to unload it. Bail out.
        """
        conflict_tmpl = textwrap.dedent("""
            The required version of setuptools (>={version}) is not available,
            and can't be installed while this script is running. Please
            install a more recent version first, using
            'easy_install -U setuptools'.
    
            (Currently using {VC_err.args[0]!r})
            """)
        msg = conflict_tmpl.format(**locals())
        sys.stderr.write(msg)
        sys.exit(2)
    
    
    def _unload_pkg_resources():
        sys.meta_path = [
            importer
            for importer in sys.meta_path
            if importer.__class__.__module__ != 'pkg_resources.extern'
        ]
        del_modules = [
            name for name in sys.modules
            if name.startswith('pkg_resources')
        ]
        for mod_name in del_modules:
            del sys.modules[mod_name]
    
    
    def _clean_check(cmd, target):
        """
        Run the command to download target.
    
        If the command fails, clean up before re-raising the error.
        """
        try:
            subprocess.check_call(cmd)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            if os.access(target, os.F_OK):
                os.unlink(target)
            raise
    
    
    def download_file_powershell(url, target):
        """
        Download the file at url to target using Powershell.
    
        Powershell will validate trust.
        Raise an exception if the command cannot complete.
        """
        target = os.path.abspath(target)
        ps_cmd = (
            "[System.Net.WebRequest]::DefaultWebProxy.Credentials = "
            "[System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultCredentials; "
            '(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("%(url)s", "%(target)s")'
            % locals()
        )
        cmd = [
            'powershell',
            '-Command',
            ps_cmd,
        ]
        _clean_check(cmd, target)
    
    
    def has_powershell():
        """Determine if Powershell is available."""
        if platform.system() != 'Windows':
            return False
        cmd = ['powershell', '-Command', 'echo test']
        with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull:
            try:
                subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
            except Exception:
                return False
        return True
    download_file_powershell.viable = has_powershell
    
    
    def download_file_curl(url, target):
        cmd = ['curl', url, '--location', '--silent', '--output', target]
        _clean_check(cmd, target)
    
    
    def has_curl():
        cmd = ['curl', '--version']
        with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull:
            try:
                subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
            except Exception:
                return False
        return True
    download_file_curl.viable = has_curl
    
    
    def download_file_wget(url, target):
        cmd = ['wget', url, '--quiet', '--output-document', target]
        _clean_check(cmd, target)
    
    
    def has_wget():
        cmd = ['wget', '--version']
        with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull:
            try:
                subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
            except Exception:
                return False
        return True
    download_file_wget.viable = has_wget
    
    
    def download_file_insecure(url, target):
        """Use Python to download the file, without connection authentication."""
        src = urlopen(url)
        try:
            # Read all the data in one block.
            data = src.read()
        finally:
            src.close()
    
        # Write all the data in one block to avoid creating a partial file.
        with open(target, "wb") as dst:
            dst.write(data)
    download_file_insecure.viable = lambda: True
    
    
    def get_best_downloader():
        downloaders = (
            download_file_powershell,
            download_file_curl,
            download_file_wget,
            download_file_insecure,
        )
        viable_downloaders = (dl for dl in downloaders if dl.viable())
        return next(viable_downloaders, None)
    
    
    def download_setuptools(
            version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
            to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, delay=15,
            downloader_factory=get_best_downloader):
        """
        Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename.
    
        `version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available
        as an sdist for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
        with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
        `delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download
        attempt.
    
        ``downloader_factory`` should be a function taking no arguments and
        returning a function for downloading a URL to a target.
        """
        # making sure we use the absolute path
        to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
        zip_name = "setuptools-%s.zip" % version
        url = download_base + zip_name
        saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, zip_name)
        if not os.path.exists(saveto):  # Avoid repeated downloads
            log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
            downloader = downloader_factory()
            downloader(url, saveto)
        return os.path.realpath(saveto)
    
    
    def _build_install_args(options):
        """
        Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the setuptools package.
    
        Returns list of command line arguments.
        """
        return ['--user'] if options.user_install else []
    
    
    def _parse_args():
        """Parse the command line for options."""
        parser = optparse.OptionParser()
        parser.add_option(
            '--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False,
            help='install in user site package')
        parser.add_option(
            '--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL",
            default=DEFAULT_URL,
            help='alternative URL from where to download the setuptools package')
        parser.add_option(
            '--insecure', dest='downloader_factory', action='store_const',
            const=lambda: download_file_insecure, default=get_best_downloader,
            help='Use internal, non-validating downloader'
        )
        parser.add_option(
            '--version', help="Specify which version to download",
            default=DEFAULT_VERSION,
        )
        parser.add_option(
            '--to-dir',
            help="Directory to save (and re-use) package",
            default=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR,
        )
        options, args = parser.parse_args()
        # positional arguments are ignored
        return options
    
    
    def _download_args(options):
        """Return args for download_setuptools function from cmdline args."""
        return dict(
            version=options.version,
            download_base=options.download_base,
            downloader_factory=options.downloader_factory,
            to_dir=options.to_dir,
        )
    
    
    def main():
        """Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall."""
        options = _parse_args()
        archive = download_setuptools(**_download_args(options))
        return _install(archive, _build_install_args(options))
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        sys.exit(main())
    XX.py

    三、pip的安装(python 的安装包管理工具)

    下载地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

    是一个压缩包,解压后 shift+鼠标右击,选择在此处打开命令窗口  然后执行python setup.py install;接着,再切换到 python的安装目录下的scripts下如D:Python27Scripts ,在此处打开命令窗口 执行  easy_install pip

    四、selenium安装  在python安装目录下的Scripts目录下 打开DOS命令窗口 输入 pip install -U selenium (该方式在联网的情况下 自动进行下载和安装)

    五、下载 selenium 的服务端(https://code.google.com/p/selenium/) 找到selenium-server-standalone-XXX.jar

    下载下来后解压;在 selenium-server-standalone-xxx.jar 目 录 下打开dos命令窗口, 使 用 命 令 java -jarselenium-server-standalone-xxx.jar 启动(如果打不开,查看是否端口被占 用:netstat -aon|findstr 4444)。

    插入题外话:我安装到这里的时候,以为已经完成环境的部署了,装了这么多但是完全不知道怎么用,除了一堆不知道的安装后的文件,我什么也没见着,一脸懵,中午吃饭的时候,给一位开发的同事吐槽了下,他刚好了解,吃好饭后他就帮我接着部署。

    1、先是检查了我的python是否安装且配置环境变量 (其他的没检查,估计用不到? 我不太清楚)

    2、接着因为我使用的是Firefox浏览器,说是版本太高,selenium版本不支持,然后卸载了50.几版本的Firefox浏览器,取了个46.几版本的;接着在附件组件下的插件出下载了

     firebug 和firepath  是自动化测试脚本开发调试中用到

    3、安装PyCharm,是由JetBrains打造的一款Python IDE

    写了段代码验证

    # coding = utf-8
    from selenium import webdriver
    browser = webdriver.Firefox()
    browser.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    browser.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("输入框查询内容")
    browser.find_element_by_id("su").click()
    browser.quit()

     但是报错 没有 geckodriver.exe 缺少对应浏览器driver驱动

    4、取到 对应driver ,Firefox取 geckodriver.exe  放到 Windows: python安装根目录(与python.exe 同一目录)注:其实放在哪里都行,只要能被找到就行,放到其他目录时,就加上配置环境变量path值,以让程序找到

    然后在执行上面python代码,执行成功

    至此,selenium+python的环境部署成功,可以开始进行自动化测试脚本编写

     5、数据库mmssql模块安装

    mssql模块下载地址:http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pymssql

    a.如果当前环境还不支持.whl文件操作,可以使用pip install wheel  首先通过pip命令安装wheel

    python安装目录下的Scripts目录下执行该命令:pip install wheel

    3.安装mssql.whl文件

    ①如果将D:Python27Scripts目录添加到path中,可以直接在whl文件所在目录用管理员打开一个cmd窗口,直接执行下面的语句。(未将D:Python27Scripts的目录配置到path中,所有要到具体script下执行
    ) pip install python_dateutil-2.5.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
    ②否则的话,需要在D:Python27Scripts目录下用管理员打开cmd,运行pip命令,文件名应该写全路径) pip install C:UsersxxxDownloadspython_dateutil-2.5.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl

    z

    pip的应用:快速下载安装python 模块module(个人)

     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Regle/p/6878920.html
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