ThinkPHP5.0框架开发--第7章 TP5.0数据库操作

ThinkPHP5.0框架开发--第7章 TP5.0数据库操作

第7章 TP5.0数据库操作

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今日学习

1、TP5.0 支持数据库类型

         Mysql、SqlServer、PgSQL、Sqlite等数据库的支持。

2、如何连接数据库

         1、配置文件定义

                   a、配置文件目录

                            C:AppServwww p5applicationdatabase.php

                   b、如何配置

                            return [

                                // 数据库类型

                                'type'            => 'mysql',

                                // 服务器地址

                                'hostname'        => '127.0.0.1',

                                // 数据库名

                                'database'        => 'yzmedu',

                                // 用户名

                                'username'        => 'root',

                                // 密码

                                'password'        => '123456789',

                                // 端口

                                'hostport'        => '3306',

                            ];

                   c、如何使用

                            // 实例化系统数据库类

                            $DB=new Db;

                            // 查询数据

                            $data=$DB::table("user")->select();

                            // 使用sql语句

                            $data=$DB::query("select * from user");

         2、方法配置

                   1、使用数组

                            $Db=Db::connect([

                                               // 数据库类型

                                               'type'            => 'mysql',

                                               // 服务器地址

                                               'hostname'        => '127.0.0.1',

                                               // 数据库名

                                               'database'        => 'yzmedu2',

                                               // 用户名

                                               'username'        => 'root',

                                               // 密码

                                               'password'        => '123456789',

                                               // 端口

                                               'hostport'        => '3306',

                                     ]);

                   2、使用字符串

                            $Db=Db::connect("mysql://root:123456789@127.0.0.1:3306/yzmedu#utf8");

                            // 数据库类型://用户名:密码@数据库地址:数据库端口/数据库名#字符集

                   3、如何使用

                            $data=$Db->table("user")->select();

         3、模型类定义

                   1、创建数据模型

                            a、命令行创建

                                     1、切换到项目目录

                                     2、执行命令

                                               php think make:model appindexmodelUser

                            b、手动创建

                                     1、打开数据模型目录

                                               C:AppServwww p5applicationindexmodel

                                     2、在目录下新建 文件 User.php

                                     3、在文件中书写代码

                                               namespace appindexmodel;

                                               use thinkModel;

                                               class User extends Model

                                               {

                                                   //

                                               }

                   2、如何设置

                            class User extends Model

                            {

                                // 使用数组配置链接数据库

                                protected $connection=[

                                         // 数据库类型

                                         'type'            => 'mysql',

                                         // 服务器地址

                                         'hostname'        => '127.0.0.1',

                                         // 数据库名

                                         'database'        => 'yzmedu',

                                         // 用户名

                                         'username'        => 'root',

                                         // 密码

                                         'password'        => '123456789',

                                         // 端口

                                         'hostport'        => '3306',

                                ];

                                // 使用字符串配置链接数据库

                                protected $connection="mysql://root:123456789@127.0.0.1:3306/yzmedu#utf8";

                            }

                   3、如何控制器中使用

                            $user=new appindexmodelUser();

                            // 查询所有的数据

                            dump($user::all());

3、查询数据

         1、tp方法

                   // 实例化系统数据库类

                   $DB=new Db;

                   // 查询数据

                   $data=$DB::table("user")->select();

         2、使用sql语句

                   // 实例化系统数据库类

                   $DB=new Db;

                   // 使用sql语句

                   $data=$DB::query("select * from user");

4、数据库的基本使用

        

         1、增加

                   # 返回值 影响行数

                   $data=Db::execute("insert into user value(null,'user1','123','18')");

                   $data=Db::execute("insert into user value(null,?,?,?)",['user2','456','20']);

                   $data=Db::execute("insert into user value(null,:name,:pass,:age)",['name'=>"user3","pass"=>'678','age'=>25]);

         2、修改

                   #返回值 影响行数

                   $data=Db::execute("update user set age='20' where id=9");

         3、删除

                   #返回值 影响行数

                   $data=Db::execute("delete from user where id=10");

                   $data=Db::execute("delete from user where id>?",[15]);

                   $data=Db::execute("delete from user where id>:id",["id"=>10]);

         4、查看

                   $data=Db::query("select * from user");

                   $data=Db::query("select * from user where  id >=? and id<=?",[5,8]);

         5、获取指定sql语句

                   Db::getLastSql();

         6、用户模块

                   1、命令行 找到项目目录 新建控制器

                            php think make:controller appindexcontrollerUsers

                   2、写资源路由

                            [详见 代码]

5、TP数据库处理

        

         1、查询操作

                   1、table方法查询数据

                            // 查询所有数据

                            // SELECT * FROM `user`

                            $data=Db::table("user")->select();

                            // 查询一条数据

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 1

                            $data=Db::table("user")->find();

                   2、name方法查询数据

                            // 与配置文件有关

                            // name 会自动添加配置文件中的表前缀

                            $data=Db::name("user")->select();

                            $data=Db::name("user")->find();

                   3、助手函数

                            # SELECT * FROM `user`

                            $data=db("user")->select();

                            # SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 1

                            $data=db("user")->find();

                   4、where条件匹配

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `id` > 25

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where("id",">",25)->select();

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE ( `id` > 25 AND `id` < 28 )

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where("id",">",25)->where("id","<",28)->select();

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `name` LIKE '%user1%'

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where("name","like","%user1%")->select();

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `name` = 'user3' AND `pass` = 'qwe'

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where("name","user3")->where("pass",'qwe')->select();

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE ( id > 25 and id <28 )

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where("id > 25 and id <28")->select();

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `id` > 25 AND `name` = 'user10'

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where(["id"=>[">",25],"name"=>'user10'])->select();

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE ( `id` > 25 AND `id` < 28 )

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where(["id"=>[">",25]])->where(['id'=>["<",28]])->select();

                   5、whereOr 或者匹配

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `id` <= 23 OR `id` >= 28

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where("id","<=",23)->whereOr("id",">=",28)->select();

                           

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `name` LIKE '%user1%' OR `name` LIKE '%user2%'

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where("name","like","%user1%")->whereOr("name","like","%user2%")->select();

                   6、limit 截取数据

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 5

                            $data=Db::table("user")->limit(5)->select();

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 5,5

                            $data=Db::table("user")->limit(5,5)->select();

                   7、Order 排序

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` ORDER BY `id`

                            $data=Db::table("user")->order("id")->select();

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` ORDER BY `id` desc

                            $data=Db::table("user")->order("id","desc")->select();

                   8、field 设置查询字段

                            // 设置查询字段

                            // SELECT `name`,`pass` FROM `user`

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field("name,pass")->select();

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field(['name','pass'])->select();

                            // 起别名

                            // SELECT name uname,`pass` FROM `user`

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field("name uname,pass")->select();

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field(['name'=>"uname",'pass'])->select();

                            // sql 的系统函数

                            // SELECT count(*) as tot FROM `user`

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field("count(*) as tot")->select();

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field(['count(*)'=>"tot"])->select();

                            // 排除字段

                            // SELECT `id`,`age` FROM `user`

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field("name,pass",true)->select();

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field(["name",'pass'],true)->select();

                   9、Page 实现分页效果

                            // SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 5,5

                            $data=Db::table("user")->page("1,5")->select();

                   10、Group分组聚合

                            // SELECT `pass`,count(*) tot FROM `user` GROUP BY pass

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field("pass,count(*) tot")->group("pass")->select();

                   11、having 过滤

                            // 只能结合分组使用

                            // SELECT `pass`,count(*) tot FROM `user` GROUP BY pass HAVING tot >=2

                            $data=Db::table("user")->field("pass,count(*) tot")->having("tot >=2")->group("pass")->select();

                   12、多表查询

                            // select goods.*,type.name tname from type,goods where goods.cid=type.id

                            $data=Db::query("select goods.*,type.name tname from type,goods where goods.cid=type.id");

                           

                            // 内联实现数据库链接

                            // SELECT `goods`.*,type.name tname FROM `goods` INNER JOIN `type` `type` ON `goods`.`cid`=`type`.`id`

                            $data=Db::table("goods")->field("goods.*,type.name tname")->join("type","goods.cid=type.id")->select();

                           

                            // 右链接

                            // SELECT `goods`.*,type.name tname FROM `goods` RIGHT JOIN `type` `type` ON `goods`.`cid`=`type`.`id`

                            $data=Db::table("goods")->field("goods.*,type.name tname")->join("type","goods.cid=type.id",'right')->select();

                            // 左链接

                            $data=Db::table("goods")->field("goods.*,type.name tname")->join("type","goods.cid=type.id",'left')->select();

                   13、别名使用-给表起别名

                            // SELECT `g`.*,t.name tname FROM `goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `type` `t` ON `g`.`cid`=`t`.`id`

                            $data=Db::table("goods")->alias("g")->field("g.*,t.name tname")->join("type t","g.cid=t.id",'left')->select();

                   14、union集合

                            // SELECT `name` FROM `user` UNION select name from goods

                            $data=Db::field("name")->table("user")->union("select name from goods")->select();

                   15、参数绑定(bind) 为了防止sql注入

                           

                            # DELETE FROM `user` WHERE `id` = 25

                            $id=input("id");

                            $data=Db::table("user")->where("id",":id")->bind(["id"=>[$id,PDO::PARAM_INT]])->delete();

                   16、数据统计

                            // SELECT MAX(age) AS tp_max FROM `user` LIMIT 1

                            $data=Db::table("user")->max("age");

                            // SELECT MIN(age) AS tp_min FROM `user` LIMIT 1

                            $data=Db::table("user")->min("age");

                            // SELECT AVG(age) AS tp_avg FROM `user` LIMIT 1

                            $data=Db::table("user")->avg("age");

                            // SELECT SUM(age) AS tp_sum FROM `user` LIMIT 1

                            $data=Db::table("user")->sum("age");

                            // SELECT COUNT(age) AS tp_count FROM `user` LIMIT 1

                            $data=Db::table("user")->count("age");

                   17、视图查询

                            $data=Db::view("goods","id,name,price")

                                               ->view("type",'name tname',"type.id=goods.cid")

                                               ->select();

                            // SELECT `goods`.`id`,`goods`.`name`,`goods`.`price`,type.name tname FROM `goods` `goods` INNER JOIN `type` `type` ON `type`.`id`=`goods`.`cid`

                            $data=Db::view("goods","id,name,price")

                                               ->view("type",'name tname',"type.id=goods.cid","left")

                                               ->select();

                            // SELECT `goods`.`id`,`goods`.`name`,`goods`.`price`,type.name tname FROM `goods` `goods` LEFT JOIN `type` `type` ON `type`.`id`=`goods`.`cid`

         2、增加操作

                   1、插入单条数据

                            // 数组中的字段名 必须和数据库中的字段名一致

                            $data=["name"=>"张三","pass"=>"123","age"=>18,];

                            $code=Db::table("user")->insert($data);

                            $code=db("user")->insert($data);

                            // INSERT INTO `user` (`name` , `pass` , `age`) VALUES ('张三' , '123' , 18)

                            // 返回值 影响行数

                   2、插入多条数据

                            $data=[

                                     ["name"=>"张三1","pass"=>"123","age"=>15,],

                                     ["name"=>"张三2","pass"=>"123","age"=>19,],

                            ];

                            $code=Db::table("user")->insertAll($data);

                            $code=db("user")->insertAll($data);

                            // 返回值 影响行数

                   3、获取最后一次插入ID

                            $data=["name"=>"张三","pass"=>"123","age"=>18,];

                            $code=Db::table("user")->insertGetId($data);

                            $code=db("user")->inserGetId($data);

                            // 返回值最后插入的id

         3、更新数据

                   1、修改数据

                            $code=Db::table("user")->where("id",">",'60')->update(["pass"=>"qwe","age"=>2]);

                            // UPDATE `user` SET `pass`='qwe',`age`=2 WHERE `id` > 60

                            // 返回值 影响行数

                            $code=Db::table("user")->update(['age'=>52,"id"=>62]);

                            // UPDATE `user` SET `age`=52 WHERE `id` = 62

                            $code=Db::table("user")->where("id",73)->setField("pass",'abc');

                            // UPDATE `user` SET `pass`='abc' WHERE `id` = 73

                   2、设置自增

                            $code=Db::table("user")->where("id",63)->setInc("age");

                            // UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age+1 WHERE `id` = 63

                            $code=db("user")->where("id",66)->setInc("age");

                            // UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age+1 WHERE `id` = 66

                   3、设置自减

                            // UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age-1 WHERE `id` = 62

                            $code=Db::table("user")->where("id",62)->setDec("age");

                            $code=Db::table("user")->where("id",62)->setDec("age",3);

                            // UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age-3 WHERE `id` = 62

                            $code=db("user")->where("id",63)->setDec("age",3);

                            // UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age-3 WHERE `id` = 63

         4、删除数据

                   1、删除一条数据

                            $code=Db::table("user")->where("id","71")->delete();

                            $code=Db::table("user")->delete(70);

                   2、删除多条数据

                            $code=Db::table("user")->where("id in(51,54,55)")->delete();

                            $code=Db::table("user")->delete([62,63,66]);

                   3、删除区间数据

                            $code=Db::table("user")->where("id>40 and id<45")->delete();

                            // DELETE FROM `user` WHERE ( id>40 and id<45 )

6、事务机制

        

         1、事务

                   张三 银行卡 1000， 李四 银行卡 500, 张三给李四转账200

                   1) 银行 先扣除 张三的200

                   2) 银行 将200 给了李四

         2、mysql事务

                   mysql事务 要求 数据库的引擎必须 InnoDB

         3、使用

                   1、自动控制事务

                            Db::transaction(function(){

                                     // 删除一条数据

                                     Db::table("user")->delete(40);

                                     // 删除数据

                                     Db::table("user")->deletes();

                            });

                   2、手动控制事务 (***)

                            // 开启事务

                            Db::startTrans();

                            // 事务

                            try{

                                     // 删除数据id 31

                                     $a=Db::table("user")->delete(31);

                                     // 判断是否删除成功

                                     if (!$a) {

                                               throw new Exception("删除id 31 数据没有成功");

                                     }

                                     // 删除不存在的数据 id 32

                                     $b=Db::table("user")->delete(32);

                                     // 判断是否删除成功

                                     if (!$b) {

                                               throw new Exception("删除id 32 数据没有成功");

                                     }

                                     // 执行提交操作

                                     Db::commit();

                            }catch(Exception $e){

                                     // 回滚事务

                                     Db::rollback();

                                     // 获取提示信息

                                     dump($e->getMessage());

                            }

                   // ==================================================================

                            // 开启事务

                            Db::startTrans();

                            // 删除数据 33

                            $a=Db::table("user")->delete(33);

                            // 删除数据 34

                            $b=Db::table("user")->delete(34);

                            // 判断条件

                            if ($a && $b) {

                                     // 提交事务

                                     Db::commit();

                            }else{

                                     // 回滚事务

                                     Db::rollback();

                            }