Unit 001
Basic building materials include: timber, mud, stone, marble, brick, tile, steel, and cement concrete. Masonry walls are built with stones or bricks, cohered through the use of mortar, first composed of lime and sand. The profusion of aluminum and its anodized coatings provided cladding material that is lightweight and virtually maintenance free. Glass was known in prehistory and is celebrated for its contributions to Gothic architecture.
基本的建筑材料包括：木材、泥浆、石头、大理石、砖、瓷砖、钢铁和水泥混凝土。首先由石灰和沙子和成的砂浆把石头和砖粘合在一起建成了砖瓦墙。大量的铝和它的电镀膜提供了非常轻并且几乎是免维护的覆层材料。玻璃在史前时代就很有名了，而现在则是因为它对歌特式建筑所做的贡献而出名的。
timber [5timbE] n. 木材
marble [5mB:bl] n. 大理石
tile [tail] n. 饰面砖，瓷砖
cement concrete [si5ment] [5kCnkri:t]n. 水泥混凝土
masonry wall [5meisEnri] [wC:l]n. 砖墙，砖瓦墙(mason [5mesn] n.泥瓦匠v.用砖瓦砌成.masonry n.石工,石工行业)
cohere [kEu5hiE] v. 粘合
mortar [5mC:tE] n. 砂浆，灰浆
lime [laim] n. 石灰
profusion [prE5fju:VEn] n. 大量(a profusion of:大量的)
aluminum [C5lu:mEnEm] n. 铝
anodized coating [5AnEdaiz] [5kEutiN]n. 电镀层，电镀膜(anodize v.阳极氧化: 用电解方式给(金属面)镀上一层保护性或装饰性的氧化物)
cladding [5klAdiN] n. 覆层：在高温高压下结合
到另一金属上的金属外层
celebrated [5selEbreitid] adj. 著名的
Gothic [5^BWik] adj. 哥特式的
architecture [5B:kEtektFE] n. 建筑, 建筑学
virtually ['vɝtʃʊəli] adv. 事实上，几乎，实际上
prehistory n.史前
Celebrate ['sɛlɪbret] v.庆祝 Celebrated ['sɛlə'bretɪd] adj 著名的，有声望的。[过去式] Celebration 庆祝，庆祝会，庆典。Celebrator （正在）庆祝的人
Unit 002
Two basic approaches to spanning over masonry walls are post-and-lintel construction and arch, vault, and dome construction.
横跨砖瓦墙的两种基本方式，分别是连梁柱（垂直的梁或横杆，用来支撑水平横杆）和拱（连柱的、不连柱的和穹隆结构的）。
span [spAn] v. (桥,拱等)横跨
post-and-lintel [pEust][And] [5lintl] n. 抬梁式(在立柱上架梁，梁上又抬梁, 在宫殿、庙宇、寺院等大型建筑中普遍采用)，框架(结构)
arch [B:tF] n. 拱(连柱的)
vault [vC:lt] n. 拱(不连柱的)
dome [dEum] n. 穹隆(结构)：类似于穹隆或圆屋
Unit 003
The Chicago architect Louis Sullivan’s career converges with the so-called Chicago School of Architects, whose challenge was to invent the skyscraper or high-rise building, facilitated by the introduction of the electric elevator and the abundance of steel. The building’s skeleton could be erected quickly and the remaining components hung on it to completed it, an immense advantage for high-rise buildings on busy city streets.
Chicago的建筑师Louis Sullivan的职业聚集于一个所谓的Chicago建筑师学派。创造那些因为采用电梯和大量钢筋而非常便利的摩天大楼或高层建筑物是这个学派的挑战。可以非常快的搭建这些建筑的框架，剩余的其他部分挂在框架上面就可以完成，这给在繁忙的城市街区搭建高层建筑带来了巨大的优势。
converge [kEn5vE:dV] v. 聚合于，集中于一点 (with)
High-rise adj.高层的，超高层的，
Unit 004
Interior design of apartments and houses, that is, dwellings, usually involves both practical and aesthetic decisions. Choices have to be made for almost every elements, ceilings and lamps, curtains and blinds, corridor and doorway, niches and ledges, grate and ventilations, terraces and staircases, even sewers or drainers. Sometimes such designs are extended to the facade of the building, and even to a fountain, or a gardening yard.
公寓和房屋的室内设计，也就是居住空间，经常即包括实用性又包括审美观上的选择。几乎在每个元素上都要做出选择，比如天花板、灯、窗帘、百叶窗、走廊、门口、壁橱、壁架、壁炉、通风设备、阳台、楼梯，甚至下水道和排水器。有时，这些设计还延伸到了建筑物的外立面，甚至地基或者园艺庭院等。
dwelling [5dweliN] n. 住处，居住空间
aesthetic [es5Wetik] adj. 美学的
Practical ['præktɪkl] adj.实际的，实用性的
Blind[blaind] Adj.盲的，n.百叶窗
corridor [kCrEdE] n. 走廊