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  • 基础知识回顾——元组和字符串

    元组

    元组是一种序列,特点是不能修改,且没有方法,通用序列的操作对元组都适用。

     1 >>> 1,2,3  #创建元组,用逗号分隔
     2 (1, 2, 3)
     3 >>> 42,    
     4 (42,)
     5 >>> 3*(40+2)
     6 126
     7 >>> 3*(40+2,)
     8 (42, 42, 42)
     9 
    10 tuple = ('apple','banana','grape','orange')   #元组的打包和解包
    11 >>> a,b,c,d = tuple
    12 >>> print a,b,c,d
    13 apple banana grape orange

    字符串

    字符串是一种特殊的元组,和元组不同的是字符串有方法,通用的序列操作对字符串同样适用。 

    字符串方法:

    1)find:在一个较长的字符串中,返回子串所在位置的最左端索引,没有找到则返回-1

    1 >>> string = "python is not python"
    2 >>> string.find('python')
    3 0
    4 >>> string.find('is')
    5 7
    6 >>> string.find('me')
    7 -1

    2)join:连接序列中的元素

     1 >>> dirs = ' ','users','bin'
     2 >>> '/'.join(dirs)
     3 ' /users/bin'
     4 
     5 >>> seq1 = ['1','2','3','4','5']    
     6 >>> '-' .join(seq1)
     7 '1-2-3-4-5'
    

    3)lower:返回字符串的小写字母版(其他版本capitalize、upper、title)

    1 >>> strings ="hello PYTHON"
    2 >>> strings.lower()
    3 'hello python'
    4 >>> strings.upper()
    5 'HELLO PYTHON'
    6 >>> strings.title()
    7 'Hello Python'
    8 >>> strings.capitalize()
    9 'Hello python'

    4)replace:返回某个字符串的所有匹配项均被替换之后的字符串

    1 >>> 'this is a test'.replace('is','eez')
    2 'theez eez a test'

    5)split:join的逆方法,用来将字符串分割成序列

    1 >>> ' /user/bin'.split('/')
    2 ['', 'user', 'bin']
    3 >>> 'useing python and c'.split()    #如果不提供分隔符,程序会把所有的空格作为分隔符
    4 ['useing', 'python', 'and', 'c']

    6)strip:返回去除两侧(不包括内部)空格的字符串

    1 >>> title = " !+ happy days !+  "  #前无空格,后有空格
    2 >>> title.strip()
    3 '!+ happy days !+'
    4 >>> title.strip('!+')    #'!+'无空格
    5 ' !+ happy days !+  '
    6 >>> title.strip(' !+ ')  #'!+'有空格
    7 'happy days'

    tip:可以通过help()查看说明文档

    >>> help(tuple)
    Help on class tuple in module __builtin__:
    
    class tuple(object)
     |  tuple() -> empty tuple
     |  tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
     |  
     |  If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __add__(...)
     |      x.__add__(y) <==> x+y
     |  
     |  __contains__(...)
     |      x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
     |  
     |  __eq__(...)
     |      x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
     |  
     |  __ge__(...)
     |      x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
     |  
     |  __getattribute__(...)
     |      x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
     |  
     |  __getitem__(...)
     |      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
     |  
     |  __getnewargs__(...)
     |  
     |  __getslice__(...)
     |      x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
     |      
     |      Use of negative indices is not supported.
     |  
     |  __gt__(...)
     |      x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
     |  
     |  __hash__(...)
     |      x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
     |  
     |  __iter__(...)
     |      x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
     |  
     |  __le__(...)
     |      x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
     |  
     |  __len__(...)
     |      x.__len__() <==> len(x)
     |  
     |  __lt__(...)
     |      x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
     |  
     |  __mul__(...)
     |      x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n
     |  
     |  __ne__(...)
     |      x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
     |  
     |  __repr__(...)
     |      x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
     |  
     |  __rmul__(...)
     |      x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x
     |  
     |  count(...)
     |      T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
     |  
     |  index(...)
     |      T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
     |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
     |      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T

    总结:元组不可变,没有方法

       字符串特殊元组,不可变,有find()、join()、replace()、split()、strip()等方法

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Ryana/p/5967905.html
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