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  • OpenCV--图像基本操作

    图像基本操作

    环境配置地址

    Anaconda:https://www.anaconda.com/download/

    Python_whl:https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#opencv

    IDE:按照自己的喜好,选择一个能debug就好

    安装opencv和拓展包(opencv-python、opencv-contrib-python)这里用的3.4.1

    数据读取-图像

    cv2.IMREAD_COLOR:彩色图像

    cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE:灰度图像

    import cv2 #opencv读取的格式是BGR
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np 
    %matplotlib inline
    
    img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg') #读取图片
    img

    效果:

    array([[[142, 151, 160],
            [146, 155, 164],
            [151, 160, 169],
            ..., 
            [156, 172, 185],
            [155, 171, 184],
            [154, 170, 183]],
    
           [[107, 118, 126],
            [112, 123, 131],
            [117, 128, 136],
            ..., 
            [155, 171, 184],
            [154, 170, 183],
            [153, 169, 182]],
    
           [[108, 119, 127],
            [112, 123, 131],
            [118, 129, 137],
            ..., 
            [154, 170, 183],
            [153, 169, 182],
            [152, 168, 181]],
    
           ..., 
           [[162, 186, 198],
            [157, 181, 193],
            [142, 166, 178],
            ..., 
            [181, 204, 206],
            [170, 193, 195],
            [149, 172, 174]],
    
           [[140, 164, 176],
            [147, 171, 183],
            [139, 163, 175],
            ..., 
            [167, 187, 188],
            [123, 143, 144],
            [104, 124, 125]],
    
           [[154, 178, 190],
            [154, 178, 190],
            [121, 145, 157],
            ..., 
            [185, 198, 200],
            [130, 143, 145],
            [129, 142, 144]]], dtype=uint8)
    #图像的显示,也可以创建多个窗口
    cv2.imshow('image',img) 
    # 等待时间,毫秒级,0表示任意键终止,1000表示1秒
    cv2.waitKey(0) 
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

    效果:

    def cv_show(name,img): #函数作为后面调用
        cv2.imshow(name,img) 
        cv2.waitKey(0) 
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()
    img.shape

    效果:

    (414, 500, 3)
    img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE) #按照灰度图片读取
    img
    img.shape

    效果:

    array([[153, 157, 162, ..., 174, 173, 172],
           [119, 124, 129, ..., 173, 172, 171],
           [120, 124, 130, ..., 172, 171, 170],
           ..., 
           [187, 182, 167, ..., 202, 191, 170],
           [165, 172, 164, ..., 185, 141, 122],
           [179, 179, 146, ..., 197, 142, 141]], dtype=uint8)
    (414, 500)
    #图像的显示,也可以创建多个窗口
    cv2.imshow('image',img) 
    # 等待时间,毫秒级,0表示任意键终止
    cv2.waitKey(10000) 
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

    效果:

    #保存
    cv2.imwrite('mycat.png',img)

    效果:

    type(img)
    img.size
    img.dtype

    效果:

    numpy.ndarray
    207000
    dtype('uint8')

    数据读取-视频

    cv2.VideoCapture可以捕获摄像头,用数字来控制不同的设备,例如0,1。

    如果是视频文件,直接指定好路径即可。

    vc = cv2.VideoCapture('test.mp4')
    # 检查是否打开正确
    if vc.isOpened(): 
        open, frame = vc.read()
    else:
        open = False
    while open:
        ret, frame = vc.read()
        if frame is None:
            break
        if ret == True:
            gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame,  cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
            cv2.imshow('result', gray)
            if cv2.waitKey(100) & 0xFF == 27:
                break
    vc.release()
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

    效果:

    截取部分图像数据

    img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg')
    cat=img[0:50,0:200] 
    cv_show('cat',cat)

    效果:

    颜色通道提取

    b,g,r=cv2.split(img)
    r
    r.shape

    效果:

    array([[160, 164, 169, ..., 185, 184, 183],
           [126, 131, 136, ..., 184, 183, 182],
           [127, 131, 137, ..., 183, 182, 181],
           ..., 
           [198, 193, 178, ..., 206, 195, 174],
           [176, 183, 175, ..., 188, 144, 125],
    (414, 500)
    img=cv2.merge((b,g,r)) #将提取出的b,g,r赋值给img形成一个彩图
    img.shape

    效果:

    (414, 500, 3)
    # 只保留R
    cur_img = img.copy()
    cur_img[:,:,0] = 0
    cur_img[:,:,1] = 0
    cv_show('R',cur_img)

    效果:

    # 只保留G
    cur_img = img.copy()
    cur_img[:,:,0] = 0
    cur_img[:,:,2] = 0
    cv_show('G',cur_img)

    效果:

    # 只保留B
    cur_img = img.copy()
    cur_img[:,:,1] = 0
    cur_img[:,:,2] = 0
    cv_show('B',cur_img)

    效果:

     边界填充

    BORDER_REPLICATE:复制法,也就是复制最边缘像素。

    BORDER_REFLECT:反射法,对感兴趣的图像中的像素在两边进行复制例如:fedcba|abcdefgh|hgfedcb

    BORDER_REFLECT_101:反射法,也就是以最边缘像素为轴,对称,gfedcb|abcdefgh|gfedcba

    BORDER_WRAP:外包装法cdefgh|abcdefgh|abcdefg 

    BORDER_CONSTANT:常量法,常数值填充。

    top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size = (50,50,50,50) #填充大小
    # borderType指的不同类型的填充
    replicate = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size, borderType=cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
    reflect = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size,cv2.BORDER_REFLECT)
    reflect101 = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size, cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101)
    wrap = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size, cv2.BORDER_WRAP)
    constant = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top_size, bottom_size, left_size, right_size,cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=0)
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    # subplot方法用于排列生成的图像,参数为坐标
    plt.subplot(231), plt.imshow(img, 'gray'), plt.title('ORIGINAL')
    plt.subplot(232), plt.imshow(replicate, 'gray'), plt.title('REPLICATE')
    plt.subplot(233), plt.imshow(reflect, 'gray'), plt.title('REFLECT')
    plt.subplot(234), plt.imshow(reflect101, 'gray'), plt.title('REFLECT_101')
    plt.subplot(235), plt.imshow(wrap, 'gray'), plt.title('WRAP')
    plt.subplot(236), plt.imshow(constant, 'gray'), plt.title('CONSTANT')
    
    plt.show()

    效果:

     数值计算

    img_cat=cv2.imread('cat.jpg')
    img_dog=cv2.imread('dog.jpg')
    img_cat2= img_cat +10 
    img_cat[:5,:,0]
    img_cat2[:5,:,0]

    效果:

    array([[142, 146, 151, ..., 156, 155, 154],
           [107, 112, 117, ..., 155, 154, 153],
           [108, 112, 118, ..., 154, 153, 152],
           [139, 143, 148, ..., 156, 155, 154],
           [153, 158, 163, ..., 160, 159, 158]], dtype=uint8)
    array([[152, 156, 161, ..., 166, 165, 164],
           [117, 122, 127, ..., 165, 164, 163],
           [118, 122, 128, ..., 164, 163, 162],
           [149, 153, 158, ..., 166, 165, 164],
           [163, 168, 173, ..., 170, 169, 168]], dtype=uint8)
    # 相加大于255的相当于% 256
    (img_cat + img_cat2)[:5,:,0]

    效果:

    array([[ 38,  46,  56, ...,  66,  64,  62],
           [224, 234, 244, ...,  64,  62,  60],
           [226, 234, 246, ...,  62,  60,  58],
           [ 32,  40,  50, ...,  66,  64,  62],
           [ 60,  70,  80, ...,  74,  72,  70]], dtype=uint8)
    cv2.add(img_cat,img_cat2)[:5,:,0] #cv提供的add

    效果:

    array([[255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
           [224, 234, 244, ..., 255, 255, 255],
           [226, 234, 246, ..., 255, 255, 255],
           [255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255],
           [255, 255, 255, ..., 255, 255, 255]], dtype=uint8)
    # 按照最高255处理

    图像融合

    img_cat + img_dog #不能直接相加

    效果:

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
    <ipython-input-34-ffa3cdc5d6b8> in <module>()
    ----> 1 img_cat + img_dog
    
    ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (414,500,3) (429,499,3) 
    img_dog = cv2.resize(img_dog, (500, 414)) #改变大小
    img_dog.shape

    效果:

    (414, 500, 3)
    res = cv2.addWeighted(img_cat, 0.4, img_dog, 0.6, 0) #大小相同后按照权重相加
    plt.imshow(res)

    效果:

    res = cv2.resize(img, (0, 0), fx=4, fy=4) #没指定具体大小,指定倍数
    plt.imshow(res)

    效果:

    res = cv2.resize(img, (0, 0), fx=1, fy=3)
    plt.imshow(res)

    效果:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/SCCQ/p/12288523.html
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