1 create table student( 2 number int UNIQUE KEY auto_increment, 3 name varchar(20) UNIQUE KEY, 4 klass int not null, 5 age int not null, 6 gradName varchar(10) 7 )auto_increment=201804001; 8 9 insert into student(name, klass,age, gradName) value 10 ( '刘一', 19, 16, '二年级'), 11 ( '陈二', 18, 19, '一年级'), 12 ( '张三', 19, 20, '二年级'), 13 ( '李四', 19, 17, '一年级'), 14 ( '王五', 19, 18, '三年级'), 15 ( '赵六', 18, 24, '二年级'), 16 ( '孙七', 19, 22, '三年级'), 17 ( '周八', 19, 21, '二年级'), 18 ( '吴九', 18, 25, '一年级'), 19 ( '郑十', 19, 23, '一年级'), 20 ( '小周周', 18, 20, '二年级'), 21 ( '周周周', 19, 21, '三年级');
比较运算符 :
等于 | = |
大于 | > |
小于 | < |
大于等于 | >= |
小于等于 | <= |
不等于 | !=或<> |
是NULL | IS NULL |
不是NULL | IS NOT NULL |
逻辑运算符:
与(且) | AND |
或 | OR |
非(不是) | NOT |
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间隔返回:
in
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模糊查询:
%
匹配任意个任意的字符 -
模糊查询:
_
匹配一个任意字符
1 #范围查询 2 select * from student where age between 17 and 20; #找出age在这个范围的字段 3 select * from student where age in (17, 20); #找出age属于这里面的字段 4 5 #模糊查询 6 select * from student where name like '周%'; #%匹配任意个字符 7 select * from student where name like '周_'; #匹配一个任意字符
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排序: SELECT columns FROM tb_name ORDER BY ord_col_1 [asc/desc];
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去重: SELECT DISTINCT columns FROM tb_name;
1 select * from student order by age ; #按照age从小到大排序 2 select * from student order by age ; #按照age从大到小排序 3 4 select distinct gradName from student; #查看有几个年级
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聚合
描述 | |
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COUNT(column) |
统计个数 |
MAX(column) |
最大值 |
MIN(column) |
最小值 |
SUM(column) |
求和 |
AVG(column) |
平均值 |
GROUP_CONCAT(column) |
列出字段全部值 |
1 select count(*) from student; #统计有几条数据 2 select max(age) from student; #求年龄最大值 3 select avg(age) from student; #求平均年龄 对于字符字段求值为0 4 select group_concat(age) from student; #显示字段所有值
1 select gradName from student group by gradName; 2 #查看总共有几个年级 3 4 select gradName, count(name)as count from student group by gradName; 5 #查找每个年级有多少人 6 7 select gradName, GROUP_CONCAT(name) from student group by gradName; 8 #查看每个年级有哪些人 9 10 select gradName,name from student group by gradName; 11 #出现其他字段,报错 12 13 select age, gradName from student group by age,gradName; 14 #group by可以分组多个字段, 15 16 select gradName, count(number) from student group by gradName with rollup; 17 #with rollup 在最后加一行统计
1 #聚合过滤 having 2 select gradName, count(number) as count from student group by gradName having count(gradName)>3 [order by gradName]; 3 #查看每个年级有多少人,并过滤掉人数小于等于3的, 如果换成where就会报错
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where 不可以使用别名, having可以
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where不能操作聚合函数
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where和having组合使用是先执行where筛选数据,最后用having筛选数据
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where要写在group by 前面 having要写在group by 后面
1 #where不可以使用别名, having可以使用 2 select age from student where age>20; #查看age>20的字段 3 select age as new from student where new>20; #错误 不能使用别名, 4 select age as new from student where age>20; #使用原来的名字可以 5 6 select age as new from student having new>20; #having可以使用别名 7 select age as new from student having age>20; #也可以使用原来的名字 8 9 10 11 #where不能操作聚合函数, having可以 12 select gradName, count(age) from student group by gradName; #查看每个年级有多少人 13 select gradName, count(age) from student where count(age)>3 group by gradName; 14 #报错, where不能操作聚合函数 15 16 select gradName, count(age) from student group by gradName having count(age)>3; 17 #having可以操作聚合函数 18 19 20 21 22 #where和having组合使用 23 select gradName, count(age) from student where age>18 group by gradName; 24 #统计每个年级age>18的有多少人 25 26 select gradName, count(age) from student where age>18 group by gradName having gradName='一年级'; 27 #统计一年级age>18的有多少人
1 select * from student limit 5; #从开始查找五条数据; 2 3 select * from student limit 0,5; #索引从头开始, 取几个数据 4 5 n = 1 # 第几页 6 m = 5 #一页显示五条 7 select * from student limit (n-1)*m, m;