总结了一些SQL Server常用的备份还原T-SQL 语句,代码基本是支持2005/2008的,不过部分功能需要企业版数据库
http://www.cnblogs.com/bhtfg538/archive/2009/09/14/1566127.html
使用镜像备份
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:使用镜像备份 */ IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db; GO CREATE DATABASE db; GO CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT); INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1; BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' MIRROR TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,MEDIANAME='MydbMedia'; RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T DROP DATABASE db; GO
使用多备份设备组成媒体集进行备份还原
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:使用多备份设备组成媒体集进行备份还原 */ --删除已经存在的db数据库 IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db; GO --创建数据库db CREATE DATABASE db; GO --创建T表 CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)); --插入一条记录 INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES --首先使用FORMAT启用一个新的媒体标头,然后分别放到3个磁盘中,形成一个备份集,同时命名一个媒体名 BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT,MEDIANAME='MydbMedia' --插入一条记录 INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES --创建一个差异备份,必须强制的与主备份一样的路径(3个磁盘),使用相同的路径的话,可以通过媒体标头区分上文的主备份与现在的差异备份,因为我们使用了NOFORMAT关键字,就是不重新初始化媒体(这也叫追加媒体集).还有加上DIFFERENTIAL以表示是差异备份.还要指定媒体名称 BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak' WITH NOFORMAT/*或者使用NOINIT,效果一样的哈*/,MEDIANAME='MydbMedia',DIFFERENTIAL; GO --还原主备份 RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak' WITH MEDIANAME='MydbMedia',FILE=1,NORECOVERY,REPLACE; --还原差异备份(注意FILE=2,因为他标头的备份是属于2顺序的.第一个备份的就是1,依次类推) RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak' WITH MEDIANAME='MydbMedia',FILE=2,NORECOVERY; --数据库在线 RESTORE DATABASE db WITH RECOVERY --测试记录 SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T GO
数据库的在线还原（读写文件组完整恢复模式）
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:数据库的在线还原（读写文件组完整恢复模式） */ IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db; GO CREATE DATABASE db ON PRIMARY ( NAME=db_data, FILENAME='c:\1.mdf' ), FILEGROUP FG ( NAME=db_data_fg, FILENAME='c:\2.ndf' ) LOG ON ( NAME=db_log, FILENAME='c:\1.ldf' ) GO --在主文件组下创建表T CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON [PRIMARY]; --插入记录 INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1 GO --主文件组在线,那么就视为数据库在线 --创建文件db_data_fg备份 BACKUP DATABASE db FILE='db_data_fg' TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT --进行在先还原,指定NORECOVERY 以后,就只能按顺序进行前滚,同时文件离线还原状态. RESTORE DATABASE db FILE='db_data_fg' FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY --创建表失败,因为离线 CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON fg; --主文件组不受影响,因为只是FG离线还原,只有企业版才支持哈.这种情况下 生产环境中,不至于数据库全部挂了. SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T --备份日志,使用COPY_ONLY,因为是要获取的日志是离线状态时候的,COPY_ONLY仅复制备份是在 SQL Server 2005 中引入的，用于在执行特殊目的的备份（例如在联机文件还原前备份日志）时使用 --如果是只读文件的话,明显不会出现差异数据,所以不需要日志备份了 --简单恢复模式的话,日志都不能备份,所以也是一样 --顺便提一句,如果数据库是文件损坏,而且损坏时候都在线,要使用NO_TRUNCATE获取日志 BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,COPY_ONLY; --恢复LOG RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY --FG终于在线了,恭喜下,创建一个T1表 CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON fg; GO DROP DATABASE db;
数据库的段落还原（完整恢复模式）
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:数据库的段落还原（完整恢复模式） */ IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db GO --创建包含多个文件组的数据库db CREATE DATABASE db ON PRIMARY ( NAME=db_data, FILENAME='c:\db_data.mdf' ), FILEGROUP A ( NAME=db_data_a, FILENAME='c:\db_data_a.ndf' ), FILEGROUP B ( NAME=db_data_b, FILENAME='c:\db_data_b.ndf' ), FILEGROUP C ( NAME=db_data_c, FILENAME='c:\db_data_c.ndf' ) LOG ON ( NAME=db_log, FILENAME='c:\db_log.ldf' ) GO --在主文件组下创建表 CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)) ON [PRIMARY]; --备份主文件组PRIMARY BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='PRIMARY' TO DISK='c:\db_data.bak' WITH FORMAT; INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES --备份当前日志 BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_data_1.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO --在B文件组下面创建表 CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)) ON [B]; --备份文件组B BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='B' TO DISK='c:\db_data_b_1.bak' WITH FORMAT; INSERT INTO db.dbo.T1 DEFAULT VALUES --备份当前日志 BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_data_2.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO --备份C BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='C' TO DISK='c:\db_data_c.bak' WITH FORMAT; --备份A BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='A' TO DISK='c:\db_data_a.bak' WITH FORMAT; INSERT INTO db.dbo.T1 DEFAULT VALUES --备份当前日志 BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO --模拟破坏,删除其中一个ndf,然后制定NORECOVERY关键字,使数据库处于RESTOING状态,NO_TRUNCATE表示损坏还能备份 BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH NORECOVERY, NO_TRUNCATE,FORMAT GO --首先恢复主文件组,注意现在是段落还原,所以要制定PARTIAL,而且只能出现一次该关键字. RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='PRIMARY' FROM DISK='c:\db_data.bak' WITH PARTIAL,NORECOVERY; --恢复所有日志,注意先后顺序,日志是不区分文件组,所以全部都要恢复 RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY; RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY; RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY --结果正确 ,返回1行记录 SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T --出错,因为段落未还原的文件组,都处于离线状态 SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T1 GO --恢复A文件组,还原日志,注意顺序,因为LOG的LSN肯定要晚于文件组A的备份 RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='A' FROM DISK='c:\db_data_a.bak' WITH NORECOVERY RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY GO --恢复B文件组,还原日志,注意顺序,因为LOG的LSN肯定要晚于文件组B的备份 RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='B' FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b_1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY; RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T1 GO --恢复C文件组,还原日志,注意顺序,因为LOG的LSN肯定要晚于文件组C的备份 RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='C' FROM DISK='c:\db_data_c.bak' WITH NORECOVERY RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY GO --删除测试数据库 DROP DATABASE db GO
恢复到特定的备份日期
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:恢复到特定的备份日期 */ IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db; GO CREATE DATABASE db; GO CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)); GO BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES; GO WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:01'; DECLARE @Datetime BINARY(128); SET @Datetime=CAST(GETDATE() AS BINARY(128)); SET CONTEXT_INFO @Datetime GO INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES; GO BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE; GO DECLARE @Now DATETIME; SET @Now=DATEADD(SECOND,-1,(SELECT CAST(CONTEXT_INFO() AS DATETIME))); --SET @Now=DATEADD(MS,-20,(SELECT CAST(CONTEXT_INFO() AS DATETIME))); RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY,STOPAT=@Now; GO SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T DROP DATABASE db; GO
使用日志恢复数据库
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:使用日志恢复数据库 */ IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db; GO CREATE DATABASE db; GO CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)); GO BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES; GO BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES; GO BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE; GO SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE; GO RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY; GO SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE; GO RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY; GO RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH RECOVERY; GO SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T GO DROP DATABASE db;
使用NO_TRUNCATE 备份损坏的DB
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:使用NO_TRUNCATE 备份损坏的DB */ IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db; GO CREATE DATABASE db ON PRIMARY ( NAME=db_data, FILENAME='c:\db_data.mdf' ), ( NAME=db_data1, FILENAME='c:\db_data1.ndf' ) LOG ON ( NAME=db_log, FILENAME='c:\db_log.log' ); GO CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)); GO BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES; GO --CMD-> net stop mssqlserver --删除c:\db_data1.ndf 模拟破坏 --CMD-> net start mssqlserver BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,NO_TRUNCATE GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY; GO RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY; GO SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T DROP DATABASE db; GO
差异备份,日志备份还原
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:差异备份,日志备份还原 */ IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db GO CREATE DATABASE db GO CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)); GO BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT GO INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES GO BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,DIFFERENTIAL GO INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES GO BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH FORMAT GO DROP DATABASE db; RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE; GO SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T; GO DROP DATABASE db; GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE; GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY; GO SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T; DROP DATABASE db; RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE; GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY; GO RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH RECOVERY; GO SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T; DROP DATABASE db;
还原master数据库
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:还原master数据库 */ --Bakup master database BACKUP DATABASE [master] TO DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\master.bak' WITH FORMAT --Test for creating database CREATE DATABASE db ON PRIMARY ( NAME=db_data, FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_data.mdf' ) LOG ON ( NAME=db_log, FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_log.ldf' ); --开始菜单->运行->services.msc->找到sqlserver服务以及对应的实例->找到对应服务的路径(F:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Binn\)->在运行中输入cmd->cd 刚才的目录->输入sqlservr.exe -m(单用户模式登录)->然后打开SSMS->新建一个查询(注意只有一个连接,不要连接SSMS数据库引擎了)->然后运行下面的sql RESTORE DATABASE master FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\master.bak' --还原db, CREATE DATABASE db ON PRIMARY ( NAME=db_data, FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_data.mdf' ) LOG ON ( NAME=db_log, FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_log.ldf' ) FOR ATTACH DROP DATABASE db
View Code
CREATE DATABASE db GO --Create test table on database named db CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T (ID INT PRIMARY KEY); GO --Create full backup to disk 'F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' WITH FORMAT; GO --Begin a marked transaction "Tran1" BEGIN TRAN Tran1 WITH MARK INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1 COMMIT TRAN Tran1 --Backup the transaction log to disk 'F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' WITH FORMAT GO DROP DATABASE db; GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY; GO RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' WITH STOPBEFOREMARK='Tran1'; GO SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T DROP DATABASE db; GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY; GO RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' WITH STOPATMARK='Tran1'; GO SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T DROP DATABASE db
使用同一个媒体簇来保存不同数据库的备份
/* Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 Location:BeiJing DateTime:GETDATE() Description:使用同一个媒体簇来保存不同数据库的备份 */ CREATE DATABASE db; GO CREATE DATABASE db1; GO CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)); INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES CREATE TABLE db1.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)); INSERT INTO db1.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES --备份db,先清空媒体标头等其他媒体信息 BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT; --备份数据库db1,使用NOFORMAT,保存现在备份1.bak的媒体信息. BACKUP DATABASE db1 TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NOFORMAT; --指定FILE=1还原,因为db先备份 RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE,FILE=1; --指定FILE=2还原,因为db1后备份 RESTORE DATABASE db1 FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE,FILE=2; --测试 SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T UNION ALL SELECT * FROM db1.dbo.T GO --删除实例数据库 DROP DATABASE db,db1 GO
快照备份还原
/* Description:快照备份还原 */ IF DB_ID('db_snapshot') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db_snapshot GO IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db GO CREATE DATABASE db; GO SELECT 1 col INTO db.dbo.T CREATE DATABASE db_snapshot ON ( NAME='db',--原数据库文件名 FILENAME='c:\db_data.mdf' ) AS SNAPSHOT OF db --Backup From Snapshot --GO RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DATABASE_SNAPSHOT = 'db_snapshot' WITH REPLACE,RECOVERY GO SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T DROP DATABASE db_snapshot,db
2008 压缩备份
/* Description:2008 压缩备份 */ --查询数据库配置 SELECT * FROM sys.configurations order by name --设置 EXEC sp_configure 'backup compression default',1 RECONFIGURE GO IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE db; GO CREATE DATABASE db; GO BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NO_COMPRESSION GO BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH COMPRESSION GO --比较下大小1.bak,2.bak 分别是:1,491kb 148kb DROP DATABASE db;