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  • SSH整合报错：Unable to instantiate Action, testAction, defined for 'test' in namespace '/'testAction

    报错如下：

    Struts Problem Report

    Struts has detected an unhandled exception:

    Messages:
    1. testAction
    2. Unable to instantiate Action, testAction, defined for 'test' in namespace '/'testAction
    File: org/apache/catalina/loader/WebappClassLoaderBase.java
    Line number: 1,333

    Stacktraces

    Unable to instantiate Action, testAction, defined for 'test' in namespace '/'testAction - action - file:/E:/apache-tomcat-8.0.37/webapps/20170405-JavaEE-SSH/WEB-INF/classes/struts.xml:14:50 
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.createAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:317)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.init(DefaultActionInvocation.java:398)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:194)
    org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63)
    org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:37)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58)
    org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:565)
    org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:81)
    org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:99)
    org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
    org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
    org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212)
    org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106)
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502)
    org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616)
    org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528)
    org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1100)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:687)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2508)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2497)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
    java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: testAction 
        org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1333)
    org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1167)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(ClassLoaderUtil.java:152)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory.getClassInstance(ObjectFactory.java:135)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.getClassInstance(SpringObjectFactory.java:246)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.buildBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:163)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory.buildBean(ObjectFactory.java:178)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultActionFactory.buildAction(DefaultActionFactory.java:22)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory.buildAction(ObjectFactory.java:148)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.createAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:298)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.init(DefaultActionInvocation.java:398)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:194)
    org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63)
    org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:37)
    com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58)
    org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:565)
    org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:81)
    org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:99)
    org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
    org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
    org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212)
    org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106)
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502)
    org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616)
    org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528)
    org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1100)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:687)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2508)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2497)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

    目录结构如下：

    lib目录如下：

    web.xml如下：

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
 3  
 4  <!-- 配置struts2的过滤器-->
 5  <filter>
 6     <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
 7     <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
 8  </filter>
 9  <filter-mapping>
10     <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
11     <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
12  </filter-mapping>
13  
14  <!-- 配置spring的监听器 -->
15  <listener>
16         <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
17  </listener>
18  <context-param>  
19     <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
20     <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>  
21 </context-param>  
22  </web-app>

    applicationContext.xml

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 5     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 6     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 7     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 8         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
 9         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
10         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">
11 
12     <!-- 自动扫描与装配bean，包括子包-->
13     <context:component-scan base-package="com.tt.ssh.*"></context:component-scan>
14     
15     <!-- 导入外部资源文件 -->
16     <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
17 
18     <!-- 配置 C3P0 数据源 -->
19     <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
20         <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
21         <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
22         <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
23         <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
24         
25         <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property>
26         <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
27     </bean>
28     
29     <!-- 配置 SessionFactory -->
30     <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
31         <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
32         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
33         <property name="mappingLocations" value="classpath:com/tt/ssh/beans/*.hbm.xml"></property>
34     </bean>
35     
36     <!-- 配置 Spring 的声明式事务 -->
37     <!-- 1. 配置 hibernate 的事务管理器 -->
38     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
39         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
40     </bean>
41 
42     <!-- 2. 配置事务属性 -->
43     <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
44         <tx:attributes>
45             <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
46             <tx:method name="lastNameIsValid" read-only="true"/>
47             <tx:method name="*"/>
48         </tx:attributes>
49     </tx:advice>
50     
51     <!-- 3. 配置事务切入点, 再把事务属性和事务切入点关联起来 -->
52     <!--  
53     <aop:config>
54         <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.tt.ssh.service.*.*(..))" id="txPointcut"/>
55         <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut"/>
56     </aop:config>
57     -->
58 </beans>

    struts.xml如下：

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7 
 8     <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
 9     <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
10     <!--  -->
11     <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
12           <!-- Spring整合Struts2时，在Struts2中配置的Spring的Action的class需要指向IOC容器中该bean的id -->
13           
14           <action name="test" class="testAction">
15                  <result name="success">/input.jsp</result>
16           </action>
17         
18     </package>
19 
20     <!-- Add packages here -->
21 
22 </struts>

    新建一个Action类

    TestAction.java:

     1 package com.tt.ssh.test;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
 4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 5 
 6 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 7 
 8 @Controller
 9 @Scope("prototype")
10 public class TestAction extends ActionSupport{
11 
12     /**
13      * 
14      */
15     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
16  
17     @Override
18     public String execute() throws Exception {
19         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
20         System.out.println("===>TestAction.execute() ");
21         return "success";
22     }
23     
24 }

    新建一个index.jsp，发起test的action，可以看到会从index.jsp跳转到input.jsp运行正常，说明struts2添加成功。

    index.jsp:

     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10       <a href="test.action">欢迎进入页面！</a>
11 </body>
12 </html>

    然后新建一个SpringTest，测试spring添加成功。

     1 package com.tt.ssh.test;
 2 
 3 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
 4 import org.junit.Test;
 5 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 6 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 7 
 8 import com.tt.ssh.beans.User;
 9 
10 public class SpringTest {
11 
12     private ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
13     
14     @Test
15     public void testBean(){
16         
17         TestAction testAction = (TestAction) ac.getBean("testAction");
18         System.out.println(testAction);
19         User user = ac.getBean(User.class);
20         System.out.println(user);
21     }
22     
23     @Test
24     public void testSessionFactory(){
25         SessionFactory sessionFactory = (SessionFactory) ac.getBean("sessionFactory");
26         System.out.println(sessionFactory);
27     }
28 }

     对testBean()和testSessionFactory()方法进行JUnit测试，都能运行成功且打印相关信息，说明Spring添加成功。

    于是下一步添加struts2-spring-plugin-2.3.31.jar，将struts.xml中的action的class改成spring中的id:testAction，报错如上。

    这意味着struts2和spring整合失败。

    问题出在哪里呢？

    解决：

    忘了改动了哪里就可以了，但是有几点需要注意：

    1.struts.xml中的action的class和applicationContext中定义bean的id保持一致。

    2.页面发出请求时的action和struts定义的action的name一致，注意千万不要弄错成action的class了。
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/TTTTT/p/6670805.html
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