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  • linux下的i2c驱动框架

    本驱动基于linux2.6.32.2

    i2c遵循的也是总线设备驱动框架,具体流程如下:

    当加入驱动(driver)时:

    i2c_add_driver        //进行驱动注册

         i2c_register_driver(THIS_MODULE, driver);

              driver_register(&driver->driver);      //把驱动加入总线驱动链表

              bus_for_each_dev(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, driver, __attach_adapter); //对于总线上设备链表的每一个设备进行遍历

                    __attach_adapter              //对每一次遍历调用__attach_adapter函数

                          to_i2c_adapter(dev);      //寻找出该设备对应的适配器

                          i2c_detect(adapter, driver);    //对每个适配器进行通信检测,检查是否存在该适配器

                          driver->attach_adapter(adapter);  //调用驱动的attach_adapter函数(该函数需要自己设定,当然,做什么也是自己决定)

                  

    当加入适配器(adapter)时:

    i2c_add_adapter      //进行适配器注册

        i2c_register_adapter    

             device_register(&adap->dev);    //对适配器内的device进行注册

                  device_add(dev);      //device加入链表

             bus_for_each_drv(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, adap,i2c_do_add_adapter); //对于总线上驱动链表的每一个驱动进行遍历

                  i2c_do_add_adapter        //对于每一次遍历调用该函数

                        i2c_detect(adapter, driver);    //对每个适配器进行通信检测,检查是否存在该适配器

                        driver->attach_adapter(adapter);  //调用驱动的attach_adapter函数(该函数需要自己设定,当然,做什么也是自己决定)

    总线设备驱动框架遵从硬件设备跟驱动分离的原则

    对于i2c设备,

        device就是对应于i2c硬件设备,在device上加了一层封装,也就是adapter,其中adapter提供传输函数

        driver就是i2c设备的驱动操作层,当device跟driver连接上之后,我们就可以在driver的内部函数attach_adapter函数内做进一步操作.

    i2c_client:

    i2c_client能用于连接adapter跟driver,起到中间节点的作用。

    attach_adapter会提供本driver匹配的adapter结构体指针,我们可以通过构造一个i2c_client来接收该指针

    本驱动提供的是字符设备操作,因此需要在attach_adapter内进行fops注册

    由于在read/write等需要操作i2c硬件,因此用到函数i2c_transfer函数,该函数最终会调用到adap->algo->master_xfer(adap, msgs, num),

    也就是adapter内定义的函数.该函数需要的参数有:相应的adapter,msg(其内部包含该次通信的源,目的,长度),和mun(msg的数目).

    i2c_client结构体也用于存储这些传输所需参数。

        

    驱动代码:

    View Code
    #include <linux/kernel.h>
    #include <linux/init.h>
    #include <linux/module.h>
    #include <linux/slab.h>
    #include <linux/jiffies.h>
    #include <linux/i2c.h>
    #include <linux/mutex.h>
    #include <linux/fs.h>
    #include <asm/uaccess.h>
    
    static struct i2c_client * at24cxx_client;
    static int major;
    static struct class *cls;
    static struct class_device *clsdev;
    static struct i2c_driver at24cxx_driver;
    
    static unsigned short ignore[]      = { I2C_CLIENT_END };
    static unsigned short normal_addr[] = { 0x50, I2C_CLIENT_END }; /* 地址值是7位 */
                                            /* 改为0x60的话, 由于不存在设备地址为0x60的设备, 所以at24cxx_detect不被调用 */
    
    static unsigned short force_addr[] = {ANY_I2C_BUS, 0x60, I2C_CLIENT_END};
    static unsigned short * forces[] = {force_addr, NULL};
    
    static struct i2c_client_address_data addr_data = {
        .normal_i2c    = normal_addr,  /* 要发出S信号和设备地址并得到ACK信号,才能确定存在这个设备 */
        .probe        = ignore,
        .ignore        = ignore,
        //.forces     = forces, /* 强制认为存在这个设备 */
    };
    
    static ssize_t at24cxx_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t * offset)
    {
        unsigned char address;
        unsigned char data;
        struct i2c_msg msg[2];
        int ret;
        
        /* address = buf[0] 
         * data    = buf[1]
         */
        if (size != 1)
            return -EINVAL;
        
        copy_from_user(&address, buf, 1);
    
        /* 数据传输三要素: 源,目的,长度 */
    
        /* 读AT24CXX时,要先把要读的存储空间的地址发给它 */
        msg[0].addr  = at24cxx_client->addr;  /* 目的 */
        msg[0].buf   = &address;              /**/
        msg[0].len   = 1;                     /* 地址=1 byte */
        msg[0].flags = 0;                     /* 表示写 */
    
        /* 然后启动读操作 */
        msg[1].addr  = at24cxx_client->addr;  /**/
        msg[1].buf   = &data;                 /* 目的 */
        msg[1].len   = 1;                     /* 数据=1 byte */
        msg[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;                     /* 表示读 */
    
        printk("adapter name:%s\n",at24cxx_client->adapter->name);
        if(at24cxx_client->adapter==NULL)
        printk("adapter not init\n");
        ret = i2c_transfer(at24cxx_client->adapter, msg, 2);
        printk("transfer_ret:%d\n",ret);
        if (ret == 2)
        {
            copy_to_user(buf, &data, 1);
            return 1;
        }
        else
            return -EIO;
    }
    
    static ssize_t at24cxx_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
    {
        unsigned char val[2];
        struct i2c_msg msg[1];
        int ret;
        
        /* address = buf[0] 
         * data    = buf[1]
         */
        if (size != 2)
            return -EINVAL;
        
        copy_from_user(val, buf, 2);
    
        /* 数据传输三要素: 源,目的,长度 */
        msg[0].addr  = at24cxx_client->addr;  /* 目的 */
        msg[0].buf   = val;                   /**/
        msg[0].len   = 2;                     /* 地址+数据=2 byte */
        msg[0].flags = 0;                     /* 表示写 */
    
        if(at24cxx_client->adapter==NULL)
        printk("adapter not init\n");
        printk("adapter name:%s\n",at24cxx_client->adapter->name);
        ret = i2c_transfer(at24cxx_client->adapter, msg, 1);
        printk("transfer_ret:%d\n",ret);
        if (ret == 1)
            return 2;
        else
            return -EIO;
    }
    
    static struct file_operations at24cxx_fops = {
        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
        .read  = at24cxx_read,
        .write = at24cxx_write,
    };
    
    static int at24cxx_detect(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, int address, int kind)
    {    
        printk("at24cxx_detect\n");
    
        /* 构构一个i2c_client结构体: 以后收改数据时会用到它 */
        at24cxx_client = kzalloc(sizeof(struct i2c_client), GFP_KERNEL);
        at24cxx_client->addr    = address;
        at24cxx_client->adapter = adapter;
        if(adapter==NULL)
        printk("adapter not init/n");
        at24cxx_client->driver  = &at24cxx_driver;
        strcpy(at24cxx_client->name, "at24cxx");
    //    i2c_detect_address(at24cxx_client,0,&at24cxx_driver);
        
        major = register_chrdev(0, "at24cxx", &at24cxx_fops);
    
        cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "at24cxx");
        clsdev=device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "at24cxx"); /* /dev/at24cxx */
        
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int at24cxx_attach(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
    {
        at24cxx_detect(adapter,addr_data.normal_i2c[0],0);
        return 0;//i2c_probe(adapter, &addr_data);
    }
    
    static int at24cxx_detach(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
    {
        printk("at24cxx_detach\n");
        device_unregister(clsdev);
        class_destroy(cls);
        unregister_chrdev(major, "at24cxx");
    
    //    i2c_detach_client(client);
        kfree(i2c_get_clientdata(at24cxx_client));
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    
    /* 1. 分配一个i2c_driver结构体 */
    /* 2. 设置i2c_driver结构体 */
    static struct i2c_driver at24cxx_driver = {
        .driver = {
            .name    = "at24cxx",
        },
        .attach_adapter = at24cxx_attach,
        .detach_adapter  = at24cxx_detach,
        .address_data        =    &addr_data,
    };
    
    
    
    static int at24cxx_init(void)
    {
        i2c_add_driver(&at24cxx_driver);
        return 0;
    }
    
    static void at24cxx_exit(void)
    {
        i2c_del_driver(&at24cxx_driver);
    }
    
    module_init(at24cxx_init);
    module_exit(at24cxx_exit);
    
    MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

    测试代码:

    View Code
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    #include <fcntl.h>
    
    
    /* i2c_test r addr
     * i2c_test w addr val
     */
    
    void print_usage(char *file)
    {
        printf("%s r addr\n", file);
        printf("%s w addr val\n", file);
    }
    
    int main(int argc, char **argv)
    {
        int fd;
        unsigned char buf[2];
        
        if ((argc != 3) && (argc != 4))
        {
            print_usage(argv[0]);
            return -1;
        }
    
        fd = open("/dev/at24cxx", O_RDWR);
        if (fd < 0)
        {
            printf("can't open /dev/at24cxx\n");
            return -1;
        }
    
        if (strcmp(argv[1], "r") == 0)
        {
            buf[0] = strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
            read(fd, buf, 1);
            printf("data: %c, %d, 0x%2x\n", buf[0], buf[0], buf[0]);
        }
        else if (strcmp(argv[1], "w") == 0)
        {
            buf[0] = strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
            buf[1] = strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0);
            write(fd, buf, 2);
        }
        else
        {
            print_usage(argv[0]);
            return -1;
        }
        
        return 0;
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/TaigaCon/p/2785169.html
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