在虚拟机配置中增加磁盘后，启动Linux，使用root登录。
首先查看未分区的磁盘,使用下面命令：
## 查看未使用的磁盘
fdisk -l
磁盘/dev/sdb后面没有任何分区，是新挂载的磁盘
输入下面命令来开始对磁盘/dev/sdb进行分区
## 开始格式化磁盘 ##
fdisk /dev/sdb
有如下提示：
[root@localhost dev]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help):
输入m来查看帮助，各选项功能如下：
Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)
首选使用n来创建一个扩展分区，输入选项n：
Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p):
选择创建扩展分区，输入选项e，然后选择扩展分区编号、起始位置和大小，我们选择整个磁盘只创建一个扩展分区:
Select (default p): e Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): Using default value 41943039 Partition 1 of type Extended and of size 20 GiB is set
扩展分区创建好后，可以在此基础上进行创建逻辑分区，我们创建2个逻辑分区并分别设置为10G:
Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 1 extended, 3 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): l Adding logical partition 5 First sector (4096-41943039, default 4096): Using default value 4096 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4096-41943039, default 41943039): +10G Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 1 extended, 3 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): l Adding logical partition 6 First sector (20977664-41943039, default 20977664): Using default value 20977664 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20977664-41943039, default 41943039): Using default value 41943039 Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
最后使用选项p来查看分好的分区：
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x40e44e64 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 4096 20975615 10485760 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 20977664 41943039 10482688 83 Linux
为磁盘分配好分区后，需要使用选项w来进行保存：
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
在执行partprobe命令来重新读取分区信息，如果有警告可以忽略。
## 重新读取分区信息 ##
partprobe
然后需要对磁盘进行格式化，使用mkfs将磁盘格式化为ext4格式(注意扩展分区不能进行格式化)
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks 131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952 80 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
然后我们创建两个目录来挂载这两个逻辑分区：
## 然后创建目录 ## mkdir /disk5 /disk6 ## 使用mount命令来挂载目录 ## mount /dev/sdb5 /disk5 mount /dev/sdb6 /disk6
最后使用mount命令来查看挂载情况
[root@localhost dev]# ## 使用mount命令来查看挂载情况 ## [root@localhost dev]# mount | grep "sdb" /dev/sdb5 on /disk5 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered) /dev/sdb6 on /disk6 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)