随机验证码

一、验证码相关知识

Python生成随机验证码，需要使用PIL模块.

安装：

pip3 install pillow

基本使用

1. 创建图片

from PIL import Image
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
  
# 在图片查看器中打开
# img.show()
  
# 保存在本地
with open('code.png','wb') as f:
    img.save(f,format='png')

2. 创建画笔，用于在图片上画任意内容

img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')

3. 画点

1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数：表示坐标
4 # 第二个参数：表示颜色
5 draw.point([100, 100], fill="red")
6 draw.point([300, 300], fill=(255, 255, 255))

4. 画线

1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数：表示起始坐标和结束坐标
4 # 第二个参数：表示颜色
5 draw.line((100,100,100,300), fill='red')
6 draw.line((100,100,300,100), fill=(255, 255, 255))

5. 画圆

img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数：表示起始坐标和结束坐标（圆要画在其中间）
# 第二个参数：表示开始角度
# 第三个参数：表示结束角度
# 第四个参数：表示颜色
draw.arc((100,100,300,300),0,90,fill="red")

6. 写文本

1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数：表示起始坐标
4 # 第二个参数：表示写入内容
5 # 第三个参数：表示颜色
6 draw.text([0,0],'python',"red")

7. 特殊字体文字

 1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
 2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
 3 # 第一个参数：表示字体文件路径
 4 # 第二个参数：表示字体大小
 5 font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
 6 # 第一个参数：表示起始坐标
 7 # 第二个参数：表示写入内容
 8 # 第三个参数：表示颜色
 9 # 第四个参数：表示颜色
10 draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red", font=font)

图片验证码

 1 import random
 2   
 3 def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28):
 4     code = []
 5     img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
 6     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
 7   
 8     def rndChar():
 9         """
10         生成随机字母  
11         :return:
12         """
13         return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
14   
15     def rndColor():
16         """
17         生成随机颜色
18         :return:
19         """
20         return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
21   
22     # 写文字
23     font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
24     for i in range(char_length):
25         char = rndChar()
26         code.append(char)
27         h = random.randint(0, 4)
28         draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
29   
30     # 写干扰点
31     for i in range(40):
32         draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
33   
34     # 写干扰圆圈
35     for i in range(40):
36         draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
37         x = random.randint(0, width)
38         y = random.randint(0, height)
39         draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
40   
41     # 画干扰线
42     for i in range(5):
43         x1 = random.randint(0, width)
44         y1 = random.randint(0, height)
45         x2 = random.randint(0, width)
46         y2 = random.randint(0, height)
47   
48         draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
49   
50     img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
51     return img,''.join(code)
52   
53   
54 if __name__ == '__main__':
55     # 1. 直接打开
56     # img,code = check_code()
57     # img.show()
58   
59     # 2. 写入文件
60     # img,code = check_code()
61     # with open('code.png','wb') as f:
62     #     img.save(f,format='png')
63   
64     # 3. 写入内存(Python3)
65     # from io import BytesIO
66     # stream = BytesIO()
67     # img.save(stream, 'png')
68     # stream.getvalue()
69   
70     # 4. 写入内存（Python2）
71     # import StringIO
72     # stream = StringIO.StringIO()
73     # img.save(stream, 'png')
74     # stream.getvalue()
75   
76     pass

二、图片验证码应用

四种实现方式，越来越趋于完美

方式一：

 # 方式一：这样的方式吧路径写死了，只能是那一张图片
    import os
    path = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,"static","image","3.jpg")  #路径拼接
    with open(path,"rb") as f:
        data = f.read()
    return HttpResponse(data)

方式二：

# 方式二：每次都显示不同的图片，利用pillow模块，安装一个pillow模块
    from PIL import Image
    img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color="green") #首先自己创建一个图片,参数size=(120,40) 代表长和高
    f = open("validcode.png","wb")#然后把图片放在一个指定的位置
    img.save(f,"png")  #保存图片
    f.close()
    with open("validcode.png","rb") as f:
        data = f.read()
    return HttpResponse(data)

方式三：

 # 方式三：
    # 方式二也不怎么好，因为每次都要创建一个保存图片的文件，我们可以不让吧图片保存到硬盘上，
    # 在内存中保存，完了自动清除，那么就引入了方式三：利用BytesIO模块
    from io import BytesIO
    from PIL import Image
    img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color="blue")
    f = BytesIO()  #内存文件句柄
    img.save(f,"png")  #保存文件
    data = f.getvalue()#打开文件(相当于python中的f.read())
    return HttpResponse(data)

方式四：

 # 方式四：1、添加画笔，也就是在图片上写上一些文字
    #         2、并且字体随机，背景颜色随机
    from io import BytesIO
    from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont
    import random
    #随机创建图片
    img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)))
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img,"RGB")
    # 画干扰线
    for i in range(5):
        x1 = random.randint(0, 120)
        y1 = random.randint(0, 40)
        x2 = random.randint(0, 120)
        y2 = random.randint(0, 40)

        draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)))

    font = ImageFont.truetype("static/font/kumo.ttf",20)  #20表示20像素

    str_list = []  #吧每次生成的验证码保存起来
    # 随机生成五个字符
    for i in range(5):
        random_num = str(random.randint(0, 9))  # 随机数字
        random_lower = chr(random.randint(65, 90))  # 随机小写字母
        random_upper = chr(random.randint(97, 122))  # 随机大写字母
        random_char = random.choice([random_num, random_lower, random_upper])
        print(random_char,"random_char")
        str_list.append(random_char)
        # (5 + i * 24, 10)表示坐标，字体的位置
        draw.text((5+i*24,10),random_char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font)
    print(str_list,"str_list")
    f = BytesIO()#内存文件句柄
    img.save(f,"png")   #img是一个对象
    data = f.getvalue()  #读取数据并返回至HTML
    valid_str = "".join(str_list)
    print(valid_str,"valid_str")
    request.session["keep_valid_code"] = valid_str   #吧保存到列表的东西存放至session中
    return HttpResponse(data)

项目加上验证码

from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import random


def random_color():
    return random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)


def v_code(request):
    img_obj = Image.new('RGB', (250, 35), random_color())
    
    # 在该图片对象上生成一个画笔对象
    draw_obj = ImageDraw.Draw(img_obj)
    
    font_obj = ImageFont.truetype('static/font/kumo.ttf', 28)
    
    temp = []
    for i in range(5):
        l = chr(random.randint(97, 122))  # 小写字母
        b = chr(random.randint(65, 90))  # 大写字母
        n = str(random.randint(0, 9))
        
        t = random.choice([l, b, n])
        temp.append(t)
        
        draw_obj.text((i * 40 + 35, 0), t, fill=random_color(), font=font_obj)
        
    # 加干扰线
    width = 250  # 图片宽度（防止越界）
    height = 35
    for i in range(5):
        x1 = random.randint(0, width)
        x2 = random.randint(0, width)
        y1 = random.randint(0, height)
        y2 = random.randint(0, height)
        draw_obj.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=random_color())
    
    request.session['v_code'] = ''.join(temp).upper()
    
    from io import BytesIO
    f1 = BytesIO()
    img_obj.save(f1, format="PNG")
    img_data = f1.getvalue()
    
    return HttpResponse(img_data, content_type='image/png')


def login(request):
    err_msg = ''
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.POST.get('username')
        password = request.POST.get('password')
        v_code = request.POST.get('v_code', '').upper()
        
        if v_code == request.session.get('v_code'):
            obj = auth.authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
            if obj:
                auth.login(request, obj)
                # 认证成功 初始化权限信息
                ret = init_permission(request, obj)
                if ret:
                    return ret
                return redirect(reverse('my_customer'))
            err_msg = '用户名或密码错误'
        else:
            err_msg = '验证码错误'
    
    return render(request, 'login.html', {'err_msg': err_msg})

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="content-Type" charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/reset.css' %}">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
<div id="particles-js">
    <div class="login">

        <form action="" method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <div class="login-top">
                登录
            </div>
            <div class="login-center clearfix">
                <div class="login-center-img"><img src="{% static 'imgs/name.png' %}"></div>
                <div class="login-center-input">
                    <input type="text" name="username" value="admin" placeholder="请输入您的用户名"
                           onfocus="this.placeholder=''"
                           onblur="this.placeholder='请输入您的用户名'">
                    <div class="login-center-input-text">用户名</div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="login-center clearfix">
                <div class="login-center-img"><img src="{% static 'imgs/password.png' %}"></div>
                <div class="login-center-input">
                    <input type="password" name="password" value="" placeholder="请输入您的密码" onfocus="this.placeholder=''"
                           onblur="this.placeholder='请输入您的密码'">
                    <div class="login-center-input-text">密码</div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="login-center clearfix">
                <div class="login-center-img"><img src="{% static 'imgs/password.png' %}"></div>
                <div class="login-center-input">
                    <input type="text" name="v_code" value="" placeholder="请输入验证码" onfocus="this.placeholder=''"
                           onblur="this.placeholder='请输入验证码'">
                    <div class="login-center-input-text">验证码</div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div style="text-align: center">
                <img src="{% url 'v_code' %}" alt="" id="v_code">
            </div>

            <p style="color: red;text-align: center">{{ err_msg }}</p>
            <div style="text-align: center">
                <button class="login-button">登录</button>
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
    <div class="sk-rotating-plane"></div>
    <canvas class="particles-js-canvas-el" width="1343" height="202" style=" 100%; height: 100%;"></canvas>
</div>

<script src="{% static 'js/particles.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'js/app.js' %}"></script>

<script>
    img = document.getElementById('v_code');
    img.onclick = function () {
        img.src += '?'
    }
</script>

<script type="text/javascript">
    function hasClass(elem, cls) {
        cls = cls || '';
        if (cls.replace(/s/g, '').length == 0) return false; //当cls没有参数时，返回false
        return new RegExp(' ' + cls + ' ').test(' ' + elem.className + ' ');
    }

    function addClass(ele, cls) {
        if (!hasClass(ele, cls)) {
            ele.className = ele.className == '' ? cls : ele.className + ' ' + cls;
        }
    }

    function removeClass(ele, cls) {
        if (hasClass(ele, cls)) {
            var newClass = ' ' + ele.className.replace(/[	
]/g, '') + ' ';
            while (newClass.indexOf(' ' + cls + ' ') >= 0) {
                newClass = newClass.replace(' ' + cls + ' ', ' ');
            }
            ele.className = newClass.replace(/^s+|s+$/g, '');
        }
    }

    document.querySelector(".login-button").onclick = function () {
        addClass(document.querySelector(".login"), "active")
        setTimeout(function () {
            addClass(document.querySelector(".sk-rotating-plane"), "active")
            document.querySelector(".login").style.display = "none"
        }, 800)
        setTimeout(function () {
            removeClass(document.querySelector(".login"), "active")
            removeClass(document.querySelector(".sk-rotating-plane"), "active")
            document.querySelector(".login").style.display = "block"
            alert("登录成功")

        }, 5000)
    }
</script>

</body>
</html>

#  ###### 权限相关的配置 ######
PERMISSION_SESSION_KEY = 'permissions'
MENU_SESSION_KEY = 'menus'
WHITE_URL_LIST = [
    r'/login/$',
    r'^/logout/$',
    r'^/reg/$',
    r'^/admin/.*',
    r'^/v_code/.*',
]

三、滑动验证码应用

 我们可以借助插件来做

1、打开插件，找到自己需要的验证码

2、筛选有用的路径

3、把对应的视图函数也拿过来,注意还需要一个geetest.py的文件

具体实现