Trace-导出已有的服务器端跟踪

跟踪(Trace)常被我们用来检查性能问题。通常我们会有针对CPU、Duration、Reads的创建跟踪定义，这一类的脚本一般不会包含太多的事件和列，筛选条件也相对简单。假如某一天你使用GUI定义了一个包含大量事件和列的服务器端跟踪，点击运行后你直接把GUI关掉，而你却没有导出原始定义脚本。此时你想知道定义的筛选条件，或者定义的事件和列，甚至是希望另外创建一个相同的跟踪(你肯定不希望再次打开GUI设置繁琐的事件和列及筛选条件)。其实只要跟踪定义在SQL Server内部创建之后，你可以通过查询多个跟踪目录视图得到运行中的服务器端跟踪定义。
首先我们用Profiler创建一个跟踪，常规属性如下所示：

选择事件和列：

设置过滤条件：

事件选择设置好后，点击运行，此时Profiler如下所示：

查看sys.traces跟踪目录视图：

TraceID=2的是行集提供者跟踪，TraceID=3的是文件提供者跟踪
我们将行集提供者跟踪停止并移除：

--停止跟踪
exec sp_trace_setstatus 2, 0
--移除跟踪
exec sp_trace_setstatus 2, 2

移除后Profiler如下所示：

此时sys.traces跟踪目录视图只包含两条记录：

注意此时写入文件系统上的E:PerfmonStandardTrace.trc对应的服务器端跟踪还是在运行的。此时我们可以通过 文件|属性 来看看跟踪的定义，还可以通过 文件|导出|编写跟踪定义的脚本，并选择目标导出跟踪定义：

我们先导出跟踪定义StandardTrace.sql(后期对比)，然后将Profiter关闭。
用下面的脚本提取服务器端跟踪定义：

-- 传入需要查看的TraceID
DECLARE @TraceID int
SET     @TraceID = 3

SELECT 
'/************************************************************
 * 功能说明：查询跟踪目录视图得到运行中的服务器端跟踪定义
 * 注意事项：如果要运行提取出的跟踪定义，请注意调整筛选条件部分参数赋值的位置
 ************************************************************/
'
UNION ALL
SELECT 
'-- Create a Queue
DECLARE  @rc             int
        ,@TraceID        int
        ,@MaxFileSize    bigint=50
        ,@DateTime       datetime=dateadd(day,1,getdate())

'
UNION ALL
SELECT  'SET @DateTime = '''+ convert(varchar,stop_time,121)+''''
FROM    sys.traces
WHERE   ID = @TraceID AND stop_time IS NOT NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT  'SET @MaxFileSize = '+ CAST(max_size as varchar(20))
FROM    sys.traces
WHERE   ID = @TraceID AND max_size IS NOT NULL
UNION ALL
select  'EXEC @rc = sp_trace_create @TraceID output ,'
        +
        CASE    WHEN [path] like 
'\?C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSSQL__.MSSQLSERVERMSSQLDATAlackbox%'
                THEN '@options = 8'
        ELSE
                CASE    WHEN is_shutdown = 1
                        AND  is_rollover = 1    THEN '6'
                        WHEN is_shutdown = 1    THEN '4'
                        WHEN is_rollover = 1    THEN '2'
                        ELSE '0'
                 END + ',N'''
                     --+ REVERSE(SUBSTRING(SUBSTRING(REVERSE([path]),5,LEN([path]))
                     -- ,CHARINDEX('_',SUBSTRING(REVERSE([path]),5,LEN([path])),1)+1
                     -- ,LEN([path])))
                     + CASE WHEN [path] IS NULL THEN 'InsertFileNameHere' 
                       ELSE LEFT([path],LEN([path])-4)+CONVERT(VARCHAR,GETDATE(),112)+REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR,GETDATE(),108),':','')
                       END
                     +''', @MaxFileSize, @DateTime'
                     --+','+ coalesce(''''+convert(varchar(20),stop_time,126)+'''','NULL')
                     + CASE WHEN is_rollover = 1 
                            THEN ','+cast(max_files as varchar(20))
                            ELSE ''
                       END   
        END
from    sys.traces
WHERE   ID = @TraceID
UNION ALL
SELECT 'if (@rc != 0) goto error

-- Set the events
DECLARE @on bit = 1
'
UNION ALL
SELECT  CASE WHEN [path] like 
'\?C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSSQL%.MSSQLSERVERMSSQLDATAlackbox%'
        THEN ''
        ELSE
        'EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID' 
        +', '+CAST(EventID as varchar(20))
        +', '+CAST(columnid as varchar(20))
        +', @on'
        END
FROM    ::fn_trace_geteventinfo(@TraceID) evi
CROSS APPLY   sys.traces trc
WHERE   trc.id = @TraceID
UNION ALL
SELECT '
-- Set the Filters
DECLARE  @Intfilter      int
        ,@BigIntfilter   bigint
-- 请将参数的赋值放置到对应筛选表达式的前面(如果有的话)
'
UNION ALL
SELECT  CASE   WHEN col.type_name = 'int'
               THEN  'SET @IntFilter = ' 
                     +CAST(CAST(value as int)AS varchar(20))
                     +'--'+CAST(columnid AS varchar(20))+','+CAST(logical_operator AS varchar(20))+','+CAST(comparison_operator AS varchar(20))
               WHEN   col.type_name = 'bigint'
               THEN  'SET @BigIntFilter = ' 
                     +CAST(CAST(value as bigint)AS varchar(20))
                     +'--'+CAST(columnid AS varchar(20))+','+CAST(logical_operator AS varchar(20))+','+CAST(comparison_operator AS varchar(20))
               ELSE  ''
        END 
FROM    ::fn_trace_getfilterinfo(@TraceID) fil
JOIN    sys.trace_columns col
ON      fil.columnid = col.trace_column_id
WHERE CHARINDEX('int',col.type_name)>0 and fil.value is not null
UNION ALL   
SELECT  'EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID'
        +', '+CAST(columnid as varchar(20))
        +', '+CAST(logical_operator as varchar(20))
        +', '+CAST(comparison_operator as varchar(20))
        +', '+CASE   WHEN value IS NULL THEN 'null'
                    WHEN col.type_name = 'int' THEN '@IntFilter'
                    WHEN col.type_name = 'bigint' THEN  '@BigIntFilter'
                    ELSE  'N'''+CAST(value as varchar(8000))+''''
                    END 
FROM    ::fn_trace_getfilterinfo(@TraceID) fil
JOIN    sys.trace_columns col
ON      fil.columnid = col.trace_column_id   
UNION ALL
SELECT  
'
-- Set the trace status to start
exec sp_trace_setstatus @TraceID, 1

-- Display trace id for future references
select TraceID=@TraceID
goto finish
'
UNION ALL
SELECT
'
error: 
select ErrorCode=@rc

finish:
go
'

在我的机器上服务器端跟踪ID为3，因此在脚本的开始设置@TraceID = 3，按Ctrl+T再运行脚本，将结果复制粘贴到新建查询窗口，并删除首行虚线及末行影响行数，得到脚本如下：

/************************************************************
 * 功能说明：查询跟踪目录视图得到运行中的服务器端跟踪定义
 * 注意事项：如果要运行提取出的跟踪定义，请注意调整筛选条件部分参数赋值的位置
 ************************************************************/
-- Create a Queue
DECLARE  @rc             int
        ,@TraceID        int
        ,@MaxFileSize    bigint
        ,@DateTime       datetime

SET @DateTime = '2015-12-05 21:25:30.533'
SET @MaxFileSize = 17
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_create @TraceID output ,2,N'E:PerfmonStandardTrace20151205151034', @MaxFileSize, @DateTime,0
if (@rc != 0) goto error

-- Set the events
DECLARE @on bit = 1
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,1, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,8, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,9, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,10, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,11, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,12, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,13, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,14, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,15, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,16, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,17, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,18, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,31, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,35, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,1, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,8, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,9, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,10, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,11, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,12, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,13, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,14, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,15, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,16, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,17, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,18, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,31, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,35, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,1, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,8, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,9, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,10, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,11, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,12, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,14, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,35, @on

-- Set the Filters
DECLARE  @Intfilter      int
        ,@BigIntfilter   bigint
-- 请将参数的赋值放置到对应筛选表达式的前面(如果有的话)
SET @BigIntFilter = 2000000--13,0,4
SET @BigIntFilter = 5000000--13,0,5
SET @IntFilter = 33--18,0,4
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,1,0,7,N'%DBA%'
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,1,0,1,null
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,10,0,7,N'SQL Server Profiler - b42ea627-5083-476a-95d1-664e5e74731e'
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,11,0,6,N'%Debug%'
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,11,1,6,N'%Client%'
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,11,0,1,null
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,13,0,4,@BigIntFilter
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,13,0,5,@BigIntFilter
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,13,0,1,null
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,18,0,4,@IntFilter
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,18,0,1,null

-- Set the trace status to start
exec sp_trace_setstatus @TraceID, 1

-- Display trace id for future references
select TraceID=@TraceID
goto finish

error: 
select ErrorCode=@rc

finish:
go

如果发现注释的中文是乱码，请检查当前数据库的排序规则，或者用[N'中文']。此时的脚本还不能直接运行，我们需要将图中红框中的内容作适当调整：

调整为如下所示：

调整后最终的跟踪定义脚本如下：

/************************************************************
 * 功能说明：查询跟踪目录视图得到运行中的服务器端跟踪定义
 * 注意事项：如果要运行提取出的跟踪定义，请注意调整筛选条件部分参数赋值的位置
 ************************************************************/
-- Create a Queue
DECLARE  @rc             int
        ,@TraceID        int
        ,@MaxFileSize    bigint
        ,@DateTime       datetime

SET @DateTime = '2015-12-05 21:25:30.533'
SET @MaxFileSize = 17
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_create @TraceID output ,2,N'E:PerfmonStandardTrace20151205151034', @MaxFileSize, @DateTime,0
if (@rc != 0) goto error

-- Set the events
DECLARE @on bit = 1
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,1, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,8, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,9, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,10, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,11, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,12, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,13, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,14, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,15, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,16, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,17, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,18, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,31, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,10,35, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,1, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,8, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,9, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,10, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,11, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,12, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,13, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,14, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,15, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,16, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,17, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,18, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,31, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,12,35, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,1, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,8, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,9, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,10, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,11, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,12, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,14, @on
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setevent @TraceID,13,35, @on

-- Set the Filters
DECLARE  @Intfilter      int
        ,@BigIntfilter   bigint
-- 请将参数的赋值放置到对应筛选表达式的前面(如果有的话)
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,1,0,7,N'%DBA%'
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,1,0,1,null
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,10,0,7,N'SQL Server Profiler - b42ea627-5083-476a-95d1-664e5e74731e'
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,11,0,6,N'%Debug%'
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,11,1,6,N'%Client%'
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,11,0,1,null
SET @BigIntFilter = 2000000--13,0,4
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,13,0,4,@BigIntFilter
SET @BigIntFilter = 5000000--13,0,5
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,13,0,5,@BigIntFilter
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,13,0,1,null
SET @IntFilter = 33--18,0,4
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,18,0,4,@IntFilter
EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID,18,0,1,null

-- Set the trace status to start
exec sp_trace_setstatus @TraceID, 1

-- Display trace id for future references
select TraceID=@TraceID
goto finish

error: 
select ErrorCode=@rc

finish:
go

此时用BCompare比较上述脚本与手动导出的StandardTrace.sql脚本之间的差异：

/****************************************************/
/* Created by: SQL Server 2008 R2 Profiler          */
/* Date: 2015/12/05  14:53:04         */
/****************************************************/


-- Create a Queue
declare @rc int
declare @TraceID int
declare @maxfilesize bigint
declare @DateTime datetime

set @DateTime = '2015-12-05 21:25:30.000'
set @maxfilesize = 5 
exec @rc = sp_trace_create @TraceID output, 2, N'E:PerfmonStandardTrace.trc', @maxfilesize, @Datetime
if (@rc != 0) goto error

-- Client side File and Table cannot be scripted

-- Set the events
declare @on bit
set @on = 1
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 15, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 31, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 8, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 16, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 1, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 9, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 17, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 10, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 18, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 11, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 35, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 12, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 13, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 14, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 15, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 31, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 8, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 16, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 1, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 9, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 17, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 10, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 14, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 18, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 11, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 35, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 12, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 13, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 13, 8, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 13, 1, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 13, 9, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 13, 10, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 13, 14, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 13, 11, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 13, 35, @on
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 13, 12, @on


-- Set the Filters
declare @intfilter int
declare @bigintfilter bigint

exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 1, 0, 7, N'%DBA%'
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 1, 0, 1, NULL
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 10, 0, 7, N'SQL Server Profiler - b42ea627-5083-476a-95d1-664e5e74731e'
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 11, 0, 6, N'%Debug%'
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 11, 1, 6, N'%Client%'
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 11, 0, 1, NULL
set @bigintfilter = 2000000
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 13, 0, 4, @bigintfilter

set @bigintfilter = 5000000
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 13, 0, 5, @bigintfilter

set @bigintfilter = NULL
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 13, 0, 1, @bigintfilter

set @intfilter = 33
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 18, 0, 4, @intfilter

set @intfilter = NULL
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 18, 0, 1, @intfilter

-- Set the trace status to start
exec sp_trace_setstatus @TraceID, 1

-- display trace id for future references
select TraceID=@TraceID
goto finish

error: 
select ErrorCode=@rc

finish: 
go

差异集中在事件和列顺序，以及筛选条件对null的处理。实际上两个脚本所定义跟踪完全相同。此时运行脚本，就能创建与StandardTrace.trc相同的跟踪了。
执行后sys.traces跟踪目录视图就会包含三条记录：

补充：有没有不用手动调整筛选部分代码就可以直接得出与原跟踪定义完全相同的脚本。此脚本根据<Professional SQL Server 2008 Internals and Troubleshooting>中10.7.3章节作了部分调整得出。筛选部分用游标写了段代码可以直接得出，但要一次得到整个跟踪定义却不知道如何拼凑，暂时放上筛选部分的获取代码：

DECLARE @intfilter      INT 
       ,@BigIntfilter   bigint              
DECLARE GetFilterinfo_Cursor CURSOR FOR 
SELECT cast(fil.columnid AS VARCHAR(20)),cast(fil.logical_operator AS VARCHAR(20)),cast(fil.comparison_operator AS VARCHAR(20))
,cast(fil.value AS VARCHAR(8000)),cast(col.[type_name] AS VARCHAR(20))
FROM    ::fn_trace_getfilterinfo(3) fil
JOIN    sys.trace_columns col
ON      fil.columnid = col.trace_column_id
OPEN GetFilterinfo_Cursor
 DECLARE @columnid            VARCHAR(20),
         @logical_operator            VARCHAR(20),
         @comparison_operator                VARCHAR(20),
         @value            VARCHAR(8000),
         @type_name    VARCHAR(20)
FETCH FROM GetFilterinfo_Cursor INTO @columnid,@logical_operator,@comparison_operator,@value,@type_name
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
        BEGIN
            IF @value IS NULL
            BEGIN
                SET @value='null'
                PRINT 'EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @traceid,'+@columnid+','+@logical_operator+','+@comparison_operator+','+@value+''
            END
            ELSE IF @type_name='bigint' and @value is not null
            BEGIN
                PRINT 'SET @BigIntfilter='+@value--cast(@value AS varchar(20))
                PRINT 'EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @traceid,'+@columnid+','+@logical_operator+','+@comparison_operator+',@BigIntfilter'
            END
            ELSE IF @type_name='int' and @value is not null
            BEGIN
                PRINT 'SET @Intfilter='+@value
                PRINT 'EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @traceid,'+@columnid+','+@logical_operator+','+@comparison_operator+',@Intfilter'
            END
            ELSE 
            BEGIN
                PRINT 'EXEC @rc = sp_trace_setfilter @traceid,'+@columnid+','+@logical_operator+','+@comparison_operator+',N'''+@value+''''
            END
            FETCH NEXT FROM GetFilterinfo_Cursor INTO @columnid,@logical_operator,@comparison_operator,@value,@type_name
        END
CLOSE GetFilterinfo_Cursor;
DEALLOCATE GetFilterinfo_Cursor;
GO

执行此段代码的结果为：

以上两种方式都可以得到已有服务器端跟踪。