hdu 5313 Bipartite Graph（dfs染色 或者 并查集）

Problem Description

Soda has a bipartite graph with n vertices and m undirected edges. Now he wants to make the graph become a complete bipartite graph with most edges by adding some extra edges. Soda needs you to tell him the maximum number of edges he can add.

Note: There must be at most one edge between any pair of vertices both in the new graph and old graph.

 

Input

There are multiple test cases. The first line of input contains an integer T (1≤T≤100), indicating the number of test cases. For each test case:

The first line contains two integers n and m, (2≤n≤10000,0≤m≤100000).

Each of the next m lines contains two integer u,v (1≤u,v≤n,v≠u) which means there's an undirected edge between vertex u and vertex v.

There's at most one edge between any pair of vertices. Most test cases are small.

 

Output

For each test case, output the maximum number of edges Soda can add.

 

Sample Input

2 4 2 1 2 2 3 4 4 1 2 1 4 2 3 3 4

 

Sample Output

2 0

 

Source

BestCoder 1st Anniversary ($)

 题意：给定一个二分图，要求添加最多的边将原来的二分图变成完全二分图。

解法一:dfs染色：

ans[0]表示左边的图的点个数， ans[1]表示右边的点个数，跑一个dfs，将给定二分图分成两种颜色（color数组用来记录是否染色到），然后没有染色到的就加入左右两边，使得左右两边尽可能接近，相乘 再减掉原来给定边的数量就是能加得最多的边数了。

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<set>
#include<map>
using namespace std;
#define N 10006
int n,m;
vector<int>G[N];
int color[N];
int ans[2];
void init()
{
    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
    {
        G[i].clear();
        color[i]=-1;
    } 
    ans[0]=ans[1]=0;

}
void dfs(int cur,int cnt)
{
    for(int i=0;i<G[cur].size();i++)
    {
        int u=G[cur][i];
        if(color[u]==-1)
        {
            color[u]=0;
            ans[cnt]++;
            dfs(u,cnt^1);
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
        init();
        for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
        {
            int x,y;
            scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
            G[x].push_back(y);
            G[y].push_back(x);
        }
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
            if(color[i]==-1 && G[i].size()!=0)
            {
                color[i]=0;
                ans[0]++;
                dfs(i,1);
            }
        }
        
        int res=0;
        
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
            if(color[i]==-1)
              res++;
        }
        
        while(res--)
        {
            if(ans[0]<ans[1])
              ans[0]++;
             else 
               ans[1]++;
        }
        printf("%d
",ans[0]*ans[1]-m);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

解法二：并查集

dis数组用来记录各个点的状态，即记录点是加入左边还是右边。其他的基本相同。

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
#define N 10006
int n,m;
int vis[N];
int fa[N];
int dis[N];
void init()
{
    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
    {
        fa[i]=i;
        vis[i]=dis[i]=0;
    }
}
int find(int x)
{
    if(x!=fa[x])
    {
        int t=find(fa[x]);
        dis[x]=(dis[x]+dis[fa[x]])&1;
        fa[x]=t;
    }
    return fa[x];
}
void merge(int x,int y)
{
    int root1=find(x);
    int root2=find(y);
    if(root1==root2) return;
    fa[root1]=root2;
    dis[root1]=(dis[x]+dis[y]+1)&1;
}
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
        init();
        for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
        {
            int x,y;
            scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
            merge(x,y);
            vis[x]=vis[y]=1;
        }
        
        //int cnt=x=y=0;
        int cnt=0;
        int x=0;
        int y=0;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) 
          find(i);
          for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
          {
              if(vis[i]) if(dis[i]&1) x++; else y++;
              else cnt++;
          }
          while(cnt--)
          {
              if(x<y)
                x++;
                 else 
                   y++;
          }
          printf("%d
",x*y-m);
        
    }
    return 0;
}