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  • JavaScript选择器

    Js选择器

    JS选择器常用的有getElementById()getElementsByClassName()getElementsByName()getElementsByTagName()querySelector()querySelectorAll()

    getElementById

    通过id来定位,返回对指定id的第一个对象的引用,返回类型为HTMLDivElement

    <div id="t1">T1</div>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var t1 = document.getElementById("t1");
        console.log(t1); // <div id="t1">D1</div>
        console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(t1)); // [object HTMLDivElement]
    </script>
    

    getElementsByClassName

    通过class属性来定位,返回文档中指定class属性值的元素的引用,返回类型为HTMLCollection

    <div class="t2">D2</div>
    <div class="t2">D3</div>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var t2List = document.getElementsByClassName("t2");
        console.log(t2List); // HTMLCollection(2) [div.t2, div.t2]
        // 使用for循环遍历
        for(let i=0,n=t2List.length;i<n;++i) console.log(t2List[i]);
        // HTMLCollection的prototype中没有forEach方法,遍历需要使用Array的prototype中forEach通过call绑定对象实例并传参
        Array.prototype.forEach.call(t2List,v => console.log(v) ); 
        // HTMLCollection的prototype中没有map方法,也需要使用Array的prototype中forEach通过call绑定对象实例并传参
        Array.prototype.map.call(t2List,v => console.log(v) ); 
    </script>
    

    getElementsByName

    通过name属性来定位,返回文档中指定name属性值的元素的引用,返回类型为NodeList

    <div name="t3">D4</div>
    <div name="t3">D5</div>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var t3List = document.getElementsByName("t3");
        console.log(t3List); // NodeList(2) [div, div]
        // 可直接使用forEach进行遍历
        t3List.forEach( v => console.log(v) ); 
        // NodeList的prototype中没有map方法,使用map的场景也需要借助Array的prototype中map通过call绑定对象实例并传参
        Array.prototype.map.call(t3List,v => console.log(v) ); 
    </script>
    

    getElementsByTagName

    通过标签的名字来定位,返回文档中指定标签的元素的引用,返回类型为HTMLCollection

    <p class="t4">P6</p>
    <p class="t4">P7</p>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var t4List = document.getElementsByTagName("p");
        console.log(t4List); // HTMLCollection(2) [p, p]
        Array.prototype.forEach.call(t4List, function(v){console.log(v);}); 
        Array.prototype.map.call(t4List,function(v){console.log(v);} ); 
    </script>
    

    querySelector

    通过CSS选择器来定位,返回文档中匹配指定CSS选择器的第一个元素的引用,返回类型为HTMLDivElement

    <div>
        <div class="t5">D8</div>
    </div>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var t5 = document.querySelector("div .t5");
        console.log(t5); // <div class="t5">D8</div>
        console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(t5)); // [object HTMLDivElement]
    </script>
    

    querySelectorAll

    通过CSS选择器来定位,返回文档中匹配指定CSS选择器的所有元素的引用,返回类型为NodeList

    <div>
        <div id="t6">D9</div>
        <div>D10</div>
        <div>D11</div>
    </div>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
         var t6List = document.querySelectorAll("#t6 ~ div");
        console.log(t6List); // NodeList(2)[div, div]
        t6List.forEach(function(v){console.log(v);}); 
        Array.prototype.map.call(t6List,function(v){console.log(v);} ); 
    </script>
    

    知识相关

    数组的遍历 https://github.com/WindrunnerMax/EveryDay/blob/master/JavaScript/Js%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93.md
    ES6箭头函数 https://github.com/WindrunnerMax/EveryDay/blob/master/JavaScript/ES6%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.md
    原型与原型链 https://github.com/WindrunnerMax/EveryDay/blob/master/JavaScript/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B%E9%93%BE.md
    CSS选择器 https://github.com/WindrunnerMax/EveryDay/blob/master/CSS/CSS%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%99%A8.md
    

    代码示例

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Js选择器</title>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
    </head>
    <body>
    
        <div id="t1">D1</div>
    
        <div class="t2">D2</div>
        <div class="t2">D3</div>
    
        <div name="t3">D4</div>
        <div name="t3">D5</div>
    
        <p class="t4">P6</p>
        <p class="t4">P7</p>
    
        <div>
            <div class="t5">D8</div>
        </div>
    
        <div>
            <div id="t6">D9</div>
            <div>D10</div>
            <div>D11</div>
        </div>
    
    </body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var t1 = document.getElementById("t1");
        console.log(t1); // <div id="t1">D1</div>
        console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(t1)); // [object HTMLDivElement]
        console.log("");
    
        var t2List = document.getElementsByClassName("t2");
        console.log(t2List); // HTMLCollection(2) [div.t2, div.t2]
        // 使用for循环遍历
        for(let i=0,n=t2List.length;i<n;++i) console.log(t2List[i]);
        // HTMLCollection的prototype中没有forEach方法,遍历需要使用Array的prototype中forEach通过call绑定对象实例并传参
        Array.prototype.forEach.call(t2List,v => console.log(v) ); 
        // HTMLCollection的prototype中没有map方法,也需要使用Array的prototype中forEach通过call绑定对象实例并传参
        Array.prototype.map.call(t2List,v => console.log(v) ); 
        console.log("");
    
        var t3List = document.getElementsByName("t3");
        console.log(t3List); // NodeList(2) [div, div]
        // 可直接使用forEach进行遍历
        t3List.forEach( v => console.log(v) ); 
        // NodeList的prototype中没有map方法,使用map的场景也需要借助Array的prototype中map通过call绑定对象实例并传参
        Array.prototype.map.call(t3List,v => console.log(v) ); 
        console.log("");
    
        var t4List = document.getElementsByTagName("p");
        console.log(t4List); // HTMLCollection(2) [p, p]
        Array.prototype.forEach.call(t4List, function(v){console.log(v);}); 
        Array.prototype.map.call(t4List,function(v){console.log(v);} ); 
        console.log("");
    
        var t5 = document.querySelector("div > .t5");
        console.log(t5); // <div class="t5">D8</div>
        console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(t5)); // [object HTMLDivElement]
        console.log("");
    
        var t6List = document.querySelectorAll("#t6 ~ div");
        console.log(t6List); // NodeList(2) [div, div]
        t6List.forEach(function(v){console.log(v);}); 
        Array.prototype.map.call(t6List,function(v){console.log(v);} ); 
        console.log("");
    </script>
    </html>
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/WindrunnerMax/p/12625569.html
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