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  • 【数据库】MySQL练习题

    请创建如下表,并创建相关约束:

    1、创建表结构 为各表添加约束关系 并插入数据

    -- 1.创建表格并添加数据
    create table class(
    	cid int primary key auto_increment,
    	caption varchar(16) not null
    );
    insert into class (cid,caption) values (1,'三年二班'),
                                                         (2,'一年三班'),
                                                         (3,'三年一班');
    
    create table student(
    	sid int primary key auto_increment,
    	sname varchar(32),
    	gender bit default 1,
    	class_id int,
    	constraint fk_sc foreign key (class_id) references class(cid) on delete cascade
    );
    insert into student (sname,gender,class_id) values('钢蛋',1,1),
    									('铁锤',1,1),
    									('山炮',0,1);
    
    create table teacher(
    	tid int primary key auto_increment,
    	tname varchar(16) not null
    );
    insert into teacher (tid,tname) values (1,'波多'),(2,'苍空'),(3,'饭岛');
    
    create table course(
    	cid int primary key auto_increment,
    	cname varchar(16),
    	teacher_id int not null,
    	constraint fk_ct foreign key (teacher_id) references teacher(tid) on delete cascade
    );
    insert into course (cname,teacher_id) values ('生物',1),
    								('体育',1),
    								('物理',1);
    
    create table score(
    	sid int primary key auto_increment,
    	student_id int,
    	course_id int,
    	number int,
    	constraint fk_ss foreign key (student_id) references student(sid),
    	constraint fk_score_course foreign key (course_id) references course(cid)
    );
    insert into score (student_id,course_id,number) values (1,1,60),
    										(1,2,59),
    										(2,2,100);        

    2、操作表

    1、自行创建测试数据

    2、查询“生物”课程比“物理”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号;

    3、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩; 

    4、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩;

    5、查询姓“李”的老师的个数;

    6、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名;

    7、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名;

    8、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名;

    9、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名;

    10、查询有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名;

    11、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名;

    12、查询至少有一门课与学号为“001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名;

    13、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名;

    14、查询和“002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名;

    15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录;

    16、向SC表中插入一些记录,这些记录要求符合以下条件:①没有上过编号“002”课程的同学学号;②插入“002”号课程的平均成绩; 

    17、按平均成绩从低到高显示所有学生的“语文”、“数学”、“英语”三门的课程成绩,按如下形式显示: 学生ID,语文,数学,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分;

    18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,最高分,最低分;

    19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序;

    20、课程平均分从高到低显示(现实任课老师);

    21、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况) 

    22、查询每门课程被选修的学生数;

    23、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名;

    24、查询男生、女生的人数;

    25、查询姓“张”的学生名单;

    26、查询同名同姓学生名单,并统计同名人数;

    27、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排列;

    28、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩;

    29、查询课程名称为“数学”,且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数;

    30、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名; 

    31、求选了课程的学生人数

    32、查询选修“杨艳”老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩;

    33、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数;

    34、查询不同课程但成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩;

    35、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名;

    36、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号;

    37、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名;

    38、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名;

    39、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩;

    40、检索“004”课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的同学学号;

    41、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩;

    参考答案:

    2、查询“生物”课程比“物理”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号;
    思路:
        获取所有有生物课程的人(学号,成绩) - 临时表
        获取所有有物理课程的人(学号,成绩) - 临时表
        根据【学号】连接两个临时表:
            学号  物理成绩   生物成绩
      
        然后再进行筛选
      
            select A.student_id,sw,ty from
      
            (select student_id,num as sw from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = '生物') as A
      
            left join
      
            (select student_id,num  as ty from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = '体育') as B
      
            on A.student_id = B.student_id where sw > if(isnull(ty),0,ty);
      
    3、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩;
        思路:
            根据学生分组,使用avg获取平均值,通过having对avg进行筛选
      
            select student_id,avg(num) from score group by student_id having avg(num) > 60
      
    4、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩;
      
        select score.student_id,sum(score.num),count(score.student_id),student.sname
        from
            score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid 
        group by score.student_id
      
    5、查询姓“李”的老师的个数;
        select count(tid) from teacher where tname like '李%'
      
        select count(1) from (select tid from teacher where tname like '李%') as B
      
    6、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名;
        思路:
            先查到“李平老师”老师教的所有课ID
            获取选过课的所有学生ID
            学生表中筛选
        select * from student where sid not in (
            select DISTINCT student_id from score where score.course_id in (
                select cid from course left join teacher on course.teacher_id = teacher.tid where tname = '李平老师'
            )
        )
      
    7、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名;
        思路:
            先查到既选择001又选择002课程的所有同学
            根据学生进行分组,如果学生数量等于2表示,两门均已选择
      
        select student_id,sname from
      
        (select student_id,course_id from score where course_id = 1 or course_id = 2) as B
           
        left join student on B.student_id = student.sid group by student_id HAVING count(student_id) > 1
      
      
    8、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
      
        同上,只不过将001和002变成 in (叶平老师的所有课)
      
    9、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名;
        同第1题
      
      
    10、查询有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名;
              
        select sid,sname from student where sid in (
            select distinct student_id from score where num < 60
        )
      
    11、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
        思路:
            在分数表中根据学生进行分组,获取每一个学生选课数量
            如果数量 == 总课程数量,表示已经选择了所有课程
      
            select student_id,sname
            from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
            group by student_id HAVING count(course_id) = (select count(1) from course)
      
      
    12、查询至少有一门课与学号为“001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名;
        思路:
            获取 001 同学选择的所有课程
            获取课程在其中的所有人以及所有课程
            根据学生筛选,获取所有学生信息
            再与学生表连接,获取姓名
      
            select student_id,sname, count(course_id)
            from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
            where student_id != 1 and course_id in (select course_id from score where student_id = 1) group by student_id
      
    13、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有课的其他同学学号和姓名;
            先找到和001的学过的所有人
            然后个数 = 001所有学科     ==》 其他人可能选择的更多
      
            select student_id,sname, count(course_id)
            from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
            where student_id != 1 and course_id in (select course_id from score where student_id = 1) group by student_id having count(course_id) = (select count(course_id) from score where student_id = 1)
      
    14、查询和“002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名;
              
            个数相同
            002学过的也学过
      
            select student_id,sname from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid where student_id in (
                select student_id from score  where student_id != 1 group by student_id HAVING count(course_id) = (select count(1) from score where student_id = 1)
            ) and course_id in (select course_id from score where student_id = 1) group by student_id HAVING count(course_id) = (select count(1) from score where student_id = 1)
      
      
    15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的score表记录;
      
        delete from score where course_id in (
            select cid from course left join teacher on course.teacher_id = teacher.tid where teacher.name = '叶平'
        )
      
    16、向SC表中插入一些记录,这些记录要求符合以下条件:①没有上过编号“002”课程的同学学号;②插入“002”号课程的平均成绩;
        思路:
            由于insert 支持
                    inset into tb1(xx,xx) select x1,x2 from tb2;
            所有,获取所有没上过002课的所有人,获取002的平均成绩
      
        insert into score(student_id, course_id, num) select sid,2,(select avg(num) from score where course_id = 2)
        from student where sid not in (
            select student_id from score where course_id = 2
        )
          
    17、按平均成绩从低到高 显示所有学生的“语文”、“数学”、“英语”三门的课程成绩,按如下形式显示: 学生ID,语文,数学,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分;
        select sc.student_id,
            (select num from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = "生物" and score.student_id=sc.student_id) as sy,
            (select num from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = "物理" and score.student_id=sc.student_id) as wl,
            (select num from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = "体育" and score.student_id=sc.student_id) as ty,
            count(sc.course_id),
            avg(sc.num)
        from score as sc
        group by student_id desc       
      
    18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,最高分,最低分;
          
        select course_id, max(num) as max_num, min(num) as min_num from score group by course_id;
      
    19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序;
        思路:case when .. then
        select course_id, avg(num) as avgnum,sum(case when score.num > 60 then 1 else 0 END)/count(1)*100 as percent from score group by course_id order by avgnum asc,percent desc;
      
    20、课程平均分从高到低显示(现实任课老师);
      
        select avg(if(isnull(score.num),0,score.num)),teacher.tname from course
        left join score on course.cid = score.course_id
        left join teacher on course.teacher_id = teacher.tid
      
        group by score.course_id
      
      
    21、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)
        select score.sid,score.course_id,score.num,T.first_num,T.second_num from score left join
        (
        select
            sid,
            (select num from score as s2 where s2.course_id = s1.course_id order by num desc limit 0,1) as first_num,
            (select num from score as s2 where s2.course_id = s1.course_id order by num desc limit 3,1) as second_num
        from
            score as s1
        ) as T
        on score.sid =T.sid
        where score.num <= T.first_num and score.num >= T.second_num
      
    22、查询每门课程被选修的学生数;
          
        select course_id, count(1) from score group by course_id;
      
    23、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名;
        select student.sid, student.sname, count(1) from score
      
        left join student on score.student_id  = student.sid
      
         group by course_id having count(1) = 1
      
      
    24、查询男生、女生的人数;
        select * from
        (select count(1) as man from student where gender='') as A ,
        (select count(1) as feman from student where gender='') as B
      
    25、查询姓“张”的学生名单;
        select sname from student where sname like '张%';
      
    26、查询同名同姓学生名单,并统计同名人数;
      
        select sname,count(1) as count from student group by sname;
      
    27、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排列;
        select course_id,avg(if(isnull(num), 0 ,num)) as avg from score group by course_id order by avg     asc,course_id desc;
      
    28、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩;
      
        select student_id,sname, avg(if(isnull(num), 0 ,num)) from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid group by student_id;
      
    29、查询课程名称为“数学”,且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数;
      
        select student.sname,score.num from score
        left join course on score.course_id = course.cid
        left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
        where score.num < 60 and course.cname = '生物'
      
    30、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名;
        select * from score where score.student_id = 3 and score.num > 80
      
    31、求选了课程的学生人数
      
        select count(distinct student_id) from score
      
        select count(c) from (
            select count(student_id) as c from score group by student_id) as A
      
    32、查询选修“杨艳”老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩;
          
        select sname,num from score
        left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
        where score.course_id in (select course.cid from course left join teacher on course.teacher_id = teacher.tid where tname='张磊老师') order by num desc limit 1;
      
    33、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数;
        select course.cname,count(1) from score
        left join course on score.course_id = course.cid
        group by course_id;
      
      
    34、查询不同课程但成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩;
        select DISTINCT s1.course_id,s2.course_id,s1.num,s2.num from score as s1, score as s2 where s1.num = s2.num and s1.course_id != s2.course_id;
      
    35、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名;
      
        select score.sid,score.course_id,score.num,T.first_num,T.second_num from score left join
        (
        select
            sid,
            (select num from score as s2 where s2.course_id = s1.course_id order by num desc limit 0,1) as first_num,
            (select num from score as s2 where s2.course_id = s1.course_id order by num desc limit 1,1) as second_num
        from
            score as s1
        ) as T
        on score.sid =T.sid
        where score.num <= T.first_num and score.num >= T.second_num
      
    36、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号;
        select student_id from score group by student_id having count(student_id) > 1
      
    37、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名;
        select course_id,count(1) from score group by course_id having count(1) = (select count(1) from student);
      
    38、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名;
        select student_id,student.sname from score
        left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
        where score.course_id not in (
            select cid from course left join teacher on course.teacher_id = teacher.tid where tname = '张磊老师'
        )
        group by student_id
      
    39、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩;
      
        select student_id,count(1) from score where num < 60 group by student_id having count(1) > 2
      
    40、检索“004”课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的同学学号;
        select student_id from score where num< 60 and course_id = 4 order by num desc;
      
    41、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩;
        delete from score where course_id = 1 and student_id = 2
    View Code

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/XJT2018/p/10483194.html
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