springmvc入门案例
1、导包
- 基于maven
<properties>
<!--指定springmvc版本-->
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
2、在web.xml中配置核心控制器
- 过滤器可配，可不配
<!--配置springmvc前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--加载springmvc配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--指定控制器创建时间-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置编码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!--设置编码-->
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
3、配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--指定要扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yl"></context:component-scan>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!--开启springmvc注解支持-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
4、编写index.jsp
<body>
<h3>入门案例</h3>
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/hello">入门案例</a>
</body>
5、编写控制器
package cn.itcast.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/*** 控制器
*@author rt
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
/*** 接收请求
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path="/hello")
public String sayHello() {
System.out.println("Hello SpringMVC!!");
return "success";
}
}
6、编写success.jsp的成功页面
success.jsp的成功页面放在WEB-INF目录下创建的pages文件夹
<body>
<h3>入门成功！！</h3>
</body>
7、启动tomcat服务器，测试
8、入门案例执行过程分析
入门案例的执行流程
- 当启动Tomcat服务器的时候，因为配置了load-on-startup标签，所以会创建DispatcherServlet对象，就会加载springmvc.xml配置文件
- 开启了注解扫描，那么HelloController对象就会被创建
- 从index.jsp发送请求，请求会先到达DispatcherServlet核心控制器，根据配置@RequestMapping注解找到执行的具体方法
- 根据执行方法的返回值，再根据配置的视图解析器，去指定的目录下查找指定名称的JSP文件
- Tomcat服务器渲染页面，做出响应