python机器学习模型参数调优

#机器学习模型选择与参数调优
#三种集成学习算法-GBDT/XGBoost/lightGBM
#1-1 GBDT算法：梯度决策树，加强型模型，构建多个决策树进行合并
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn import ensemble
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
'''
#导入数据集
bost=datasets.load_boston()
x,y=bost.data,bost.target
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(x,y,random_state=666)
#构建模型
params={"n_estimators":800,"max_depth":4,"min_samples_split":2,"learning_rate":0.01,"loss":"ls"}
clf=ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor(**params)
clf.fit(x_train,y_train)
y_pre=clf.predict(x_test)
mse=mean_squared_error(y_test,y_pre)
print("MSE:",mse)
#绘制测试误差-每一次所输出的迭代误差
test_score=np.zeros((params["n_estimators"],),dtype=np.float64)
for i ,y_pre in enumerate(clf.staged_predict(x_test)):
    test_score[i]=clf.loss_(y_test,y_pre)
plt.figure(figsize=(12,6))
plt.subplot(1,2,1)
plt.title("Deviance")
plt.plot(np.arange(params["n_estimators"])+1,clf.train_score_,"b-",label="Training set deviance")
plt.plot(np.arange(params["n_estimators"])+1,test_score,"r-",label="Test set deviance")
plt.legend(loc="upper right")
plt.xlabel("Boostng Iterations")
plt.ylabel("Deviance")
#绘制特征重要性图
feature_importance=clf.feature_importances_
feature_importance=100.0*(feature_importance/feature_importance.max())
sort_index=np.argsort(feature_importance)
pos=np.arange(sort_index.shape[0])+0.5
plt.subplot(1,2,2)
plt.barh(pos,feature_importance[sort_index],align="center")
plt.yticks(pos,bost.feature_names[sort_index])
plt.xlabel("Relative Importance")
plt.title("Veriable Importance")
plt.show()

#1-2 XGboost扩展的GBDT
import xgboost as xgb
data=np.random.rand(100000,10)
label=np.random.randint(2,size=100000)
dtrain=xgb.DMatrix(data,label=label,missing=-999.0)

data2=np.random.rand(5000,10)
label2=np.random.randint(2,size=5000)
dtest=xgb.DMatrix(data2,label=label2,missing=-999.0)

params={"bst:max_depth":2,"bst:eta":1,"silent":1,"objective":"binary:logistic"}
params["nthread"]=4
params["eval_metric"]="auc"
evallist=[(dtrain,"train"),(dtest,"eval")] #监控效果
num_round=10 #训练迭代的次数
bst=xgb.train(params,dtrain,num_round,evallist)
#设置一种早停，输出最好的效果
bst=xgb.train(params,dtrain,num_round,evallist,early_stopping_rounds=10)

#1-3 lightGBM 轻量级梯度提升机
import lightgbm as lgb
data=np.random.rand(100000,10)
label=np.random.randint(2,size=100000)
train=lgb.Dataset(data,label=label)

data2=np.random.rand(5000,10)
label2=np.random.randint(2,size=5000)
test=lgb.Dataset(data2,label=label2)
params={"num_leaves":31,"num_trees":100,"objective":"binary","metrics":"binary_error"}
num_round=10 #10论训练
bst=lgb.train(params,train,num_round,valid_sets=[test])
#交叉验证
num_round=10
params={"num_leaves":50,"num_trees":100,"objective":"binary"}
print(lgb.cv(params,train,num_round,nfold=5))

bst=lgb.train(params,train,20,valid_sets=test,early_stopping_rounds=10)
'''
#招聘数据的实际项目需要
#2-1 GBDT算法进行训练和预测
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df=pd.read_csv("D:Byrbt2018StudyPython机器学习全流程项目实战精讲配套课件第七讲 机器学习建模lagou_featured.csv",encoding="gbk")
print(df.shape)
pd.options.display.max_columns=999 #设置最大的展示列数为999
print(df.head())
#首先对salary的目标回归变量进行直方图展示
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.hist(df["salary"])
plt.show()
#将表格数据转化为目标向量和训练特征矩阵
x=df.drop(["salary"],axis=1).values
y=df["salary"].values.reshape(-1,1)
print(x.shape,y.shape)
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(x,y,random_state=666)
print(x_train.shape,x_test.shape,y_train.shape,y_test.shape)
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor
clf=GradientBoostingRegressor(n_estimators=100,max_depth=5)
clf.fit(x_train,y_train)
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error,max_error,mean_absolute_error
y_pre=clf.predict(x_test)
print(np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(y_test,y_pre)))
print(np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(y_test,y_pre)))
print(np.sqrt(mean_absolute_error(y_test,y_pre)))
print(np.sqrt(max_error(y_test,y_pre)))
print(clf.score(x_test,y_test))
plt.plot(y_pre)
plt.plot(y_test)
plt.legend(["y_pre","y_test"])
plt.show()
#对目标回归变量进行对数化处理，消除有偏数据的影响
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(x,np.log(y),random_state=666)
print(x_train.shape,x_test.shape,y_train.shape,y_test.shape)
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor
clf=GradientBoostingRegressor(n_estimators=100,max_depth=5)
clf.fit(x_train,y_train)
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error,max_error,mean_absolute_error
y_pre=clf.predict(x_test)
print(np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(np.exp(y_test),np.exp(y_pre))))
print(np.sqrt(mean_absolute_error(np.exp(y_test),np.exp(y_pre))))
print(np.sqrt(max_error(np.exp(y_test),np.exp(y_pre))))
print(clf.score(x_test,y_test))
print()
plt.plot(np.exp(y_pre))
plt.plot(np.exp(y_test))
plt.legend(["y_pre","y_test"])
plt.show()

#2-2 XGBoost模型训练和预测
from sklearn.model_selection import KFold   #五划分的交叉验证的方式模块
import xgboost as xgb
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
import time

kf=KFold(n_splits=5,random_state=123,shuffle=True)
def evalereor(pre,train):
    labels=train.getlabel()
    return "mse",mean_squared_error(np.exp(pre),np.exp(labels))

y=np.log(y)
valid_pre=np.zeros((330,5))
time_start=time.time()
for i,(train_ind,valid_ind) in enumerate(kf.split(x)):
    print("FOLD",i+1,"out of",5)
    x_train,y_train=x[train_ind],y[train_ind]
    x_valid,y_valid=x[valid_ind],y[valid_ind]
    xgb_params={"eta":0.01,"max_depth":6,"subsample":0.9,"colsample_bytree":0.9,"objective":"reg:linear","seed":99,"eval_metgric":"rmse","silent":True}
    d_train=xgb.DMatrix(x_train,y_train)
    d_valid=xgb.DMatrix(x_valid,y_valid)
    watchlist=[(d_train,"train"),(d_valid,"valid")] #监控效果
    model=xgb.train(
        xgb_params,
        d_train,
        2000,
        watchlist,
        verbose_eval=100,
        #feval=evalereor,
        early_stopping_rounds=1000
    )
#    valid_pre[:,i]=np.exp(model.predict(d_valid))
print("cv training time{} second".format(time.time()-time_start))

#网格搜索的方式
import xgboost as xgb
xg_train=xgb.DMatrix(x,y)
params={"eta": 0.01, "max_depth": 6, "subsample": 0.9, "colsample_bytree": 0.9, "objective": "reg:linear",
                  "seed": 99, "eval_metgric": "rmse", "silent": True}
cv=xgb.cv(params,xg_train,1000,nfold=5,early_stopping_rounds=800,verbose_eval=100)
print(cv)

#2-3 lightGBM算法模型
import time
import lightgbm as lgb
from sklearn.model_selection import KFold
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
from lightgbm import LGBMRegressor
x=df.drop(["salary"],axis=1).values
y=df["salary"].values
y=np.log(y)
def evalerror(pre,train):
    labels=train.getlabel()
    return "mse",mean_squared_error(np.exp(pre),np.exp(labels))
params={
    "learning_rate":0.01,
    "boosting_type":"gbdt",
    "objective": "regression",
    "metric":"mse",
    "sub_feature":0.7,
    "num_leaves":17,
    "colsample_bytree":0.7,
    "feature_fraction":0.7,
    "min_data":100,
    "min_hessian":1,
    "verbose":-1
    }
print("begin cv 5-fold training...")
scores=[]
time_start=time.time()
kf=KFold(n_splits=5,shuffle=True,random_state=27)
for i,(train_ind,valid_ind) in enumerate(kf.split(x)):
    print("FOLD",i+1,"out of",5)
    x_train,y_train=x[train_ind],y[train_ind]
    x_valid,y_valid=x[valid_ind],y[valid_ind]
    d_train=lgb.Dataset(x_train,y_train)
    d_valid=lgb.Dataset(x_valid,y_valid)
    model=lgb.train(
        params,
        d_train,
        num_boost_round=2000,
        valid_sets=d_valid,
        verbose_eval=200,
        #feval=evalerror(),
        early_stopping_rounds=1000)
   #valid_pre[:,i]=np.exp(model.predict(d_valid))
print("cv training time{} second".format(time.time()-time_start))