// 面试题3(二):不修改数组找出重复的数字 // 题目:在一个长度为n+1的数组里的所有数字都在1到n的范围内,所以数组中至 // 少有一个数字是重复的。请找出数组中任意一个重复的数字,但不能修改输入的 // 数组。例如,如果输入长度为8的数组{2, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 7},那么对应的 // 输出是重复的数字2或者3。 #include <iostream> using namespace std; int counter(const int*, int, int, int); int getDuplication(const int* numbers, int length) { //鲁棒性检测 1.长度为0或者空指针 2.数组范围[1, n] if (numbers == nullptr || length <= 0) return -1; for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { if (numbers[i] < 1 || numbers[i] > length) return -1; } //主要思路:无重复数组[1, n]范围内,存在n个数, 通过二分法确定重复区间。 int start = 1; int end = length; while (start <= end) { int middle = ((end - start) >> 1) + start; int count = counter(numbers, length, start, middle); //查找左部 if (start == end) //二分结束 { if (count > 1) return start; else break; } if (count > (middle - start + 1)) //左区间数组多于范围 end = middle; else //否则去右区间 start = middle + 1; } return -1; } int counter(const int* numbers, int length, int start, int end) { int count = 0; if (numbers == nullptr || start > end || start < 0) return count; for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { if (numbers[i] >= start && numbers[i] <= end) ++count; } return count; } // ====================测试代码==================== void test(const char* testName, int* numbers, int length, int* duplications, int dupLength) { int result = getDuplication(numbers, length); for (int i = 0; i < dupLength; ++i) { if (result == duplications[i]) { std::cout << testName << " passed." << std::endl; return; } } std::cout << testName << " FAILED." << std::endl; } // 多个重复的数字 void test1() { int numbers[] = { 2, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 7 }; int duplications[] = { 2, 3 }; test("test1", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } // 一个重复的数字 void test2() { int numbers[] = { 3, 2, 1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7 }; int duplications[] = { 4 }; test("test2", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } // 重复的数字是数组中最小的数字 void test3() { int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 8 }; int duplications[] = { 1 }; test("test3", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } // 重复的数字是数组中最大的数字 void test4() { int numbers[] = { 1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 2, 8 }; int duplications[] = { 8 }; test("test4", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } // 数组中只有两个数字 void test5() { int numbers[] = { 1, 1 }; int duplications[] = { 1 }; test("test5", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } // 重复的数字位于数组当中 void test6() { int numbers[] = { 3, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }; int duplications[] = { 3 }; test("test6", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } // 多个重复的数字 void test7() { int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 6 }; int duplications[] = { 2, 6 }; test("test7", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } // 一个数字重复三次 void test8() { int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 2 }; int duplications[] = { 2 }; test("test8", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } // 没有重复的数字 void test9() { int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 6, 4, 5, 3 }; int duplications[] = { -1 }; test("test9", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } // 无效的输入 void test10() { int* numbers = nullptr; int duplications[] = { -1 }; test("test10", numbers, 0, duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int)); } void main() { test1(); test2(); test3(); test4(); test5(); test6(); test7(); test8(); test9(); test10(); }